商务英语抱怨信函写作篇

“绝对零度”通过精心收集，向本站投稿了7篇商务英语抱怨信函写作篇，以下是小编整理后的商务英语抱怨信函写作篇，希望能够帮助到大家。

商务英语抱怨信函写作篇

篇1：商务英语抱怨信函写作篇

商务英语抱怨信函写作篇

Complaints & Claims （抱怨和索赔信函）抱怨、索赔信函的目的是为了获取更好的服务，对已出现的问题求得尽快的、妥善的解决。它通常是买方由于对收到的货物不满而书写，如：货物未按时到达；货物虽抵达，但与订单所载不同；货物有损毁现象；货物数量短缺或多余；货物质量与样品不符；服务不合理以及收费过高等，这些均是抱怨、索赔的正当理由。

书写抱怨、索赔信函时，不妨开门见山出原先双方同意的条件，然后列举事实以表示有何不满，以及为什么不满，最后提出解决的方法。内容应明确、清楚、有理，语气要简洁、坚决。避免使用愤怒和使对方过于难堪的措辞（除非你所抱怨的问题反复发生，且多次投诉而毫无结果）。

1） For Delay in Shipment (由于发货延迟而抱怨)

Dear Sirs ,

The furniture we ordered from you should have reached us a week ago .Needless to say , the delay in delivery has put us to great inconvenience .It is therefore imperative that you dispatch them immediately .Otherwise we shall be obliged to cancel the order and obtain the goods elsewhere.

Please look into the matter as one of urgency and let us have your reply as early as possible .

Yours faithfully,

亲爱的先生们：我方从贵方订购的家具应于一星期前收到。不用说，发货的延迟给我方带来了很大的.不便。因此，贵方必须立即发货，否则我们将被迫取消订单，到另处订货。

请紧急处理此事，并尽快告知结果。

2） For Poor-Packing （由于包装不妥提出索赔）

Dear Sirs ,

We are writing to inform you that the toys covered by our order No.519arrived in such an unsatisfactory condition that we have to lodge a claim against you .It was found upon examination that 10%of them are broken and some are badly scratched , obviously due to the improper packing . Therefore, we cannot offer it for sale at the normal price and suggest that you make us an allowance of 20% on the invoiced cost .This is the amount by which we propose to reduce our selling price .If you cannot accept , Im afraid we shall have to return them for replacement .

Sincerely yours ,

亲爱的先生们：我们写信通知贵方，519号订单玩具已收到，但货物状况很不令人满意，故我们不得不提出索赔。经检查，我们发现有10％的货物破损，而且一些也有严重磨损现象。很明显，这是由于包装不妥造成的。因此，我们无法以原价售出货物。建议贵方依照发票金额给予20％的折扣，这是我们所建议降低的售价额度。如果贵方无法接受，我们将不得不退货，要求替换。

3） For Damage of Goods （由于货物损坏而抱怨）

Dear Sirs,

Our order No.JT-8 The glassware you supplied to our order of 3rd July was delivered by the shipping company this morning .The 160 cartons containing the goods appeared to be in perfect condition .But when I unpacked them with great care , I regret to report that 10 cartons of glassware badly cracked .

We trust you can understand that we expect the compensation for our dam aged goods .

Yours faithfully,

亲爱的先生们：订单JT－8号我方于7月3日从贵处订购的玻璃器皿已于今早货运公司送到。装有货物的160个纸箱完好无损。但当我们小心打开检查时，发现有10箱玻璃器皿严重破损。相信贵处能理解我方要求对损坏货物进行赔偿。

4） For Incomformity（由于货物不符而抱怨）

Dear Sirs ,

On March 12, we ordered 1,200 shirts size 42. But unfortunately ,we received completely different articles-children clothes today .We can only presume that a mistake was made and the children clothes were for another order .

As I have several customers waiting , please arrange for the replacements at once.

Faithfully yours,

亲爱的先生们：三月十二日我订购了一千二百件四十二号男式衬衣。但不幸的是，今天我们收到了完全不同的货物――儿童服装。我们想贵方一定搞错了，儿童服装是另一份订单。由于有几位客户在等货，故请贵方立即安排更换货物。

5） For Unacceptable Substitute （由于无法接受替代物而抱怨）

Dear Mr .Cliff,

During the past three months I have placed two sizable orders for The Handy Desk Companion by Roy .specifying the hard back binding .But both time you sent me paper-back binding because you were out of stock on the hard-back .

Fortunately ,I am still selling a few of the paper backs ,but more and more customers ask for the hard-back ones .(At least two of our competitors have this reference book in hard-back in our cities).

篇2：商务英语10种抱怨信函写作篇

complaints & claims （抱怨和索赔信函）抱怨、索赔信函的目的是为了获取更好的服务，对已出现的问题求得尽快的、妥善的解决。它通常是买方由于对收到的货物不满而书写，如：货物未按时到达；货物虽抵达，但与订单所载不同；货物有损毁现象；货物数量短缺或多余；货物质量与样品不符；服务不合理以及收费过高等，这些均是抱怨、索赔的正当理由。

1） for delay in shipment (由于发货延迟而抱怨)

dear sirs ,

the furniture we ordered from you should have reached us a week ago .needless to say , the delay in delivery has put us to great inconvenience .it is therefore imperative that you dispatch them immediately .otherwise we shall be obliged to cancel the order and obtain the goods elsewhere.

please look into the matter as one of urgency and let us have your reply as early as possible .

yours faithfully,

亲爱的先生们：我方从贵方订购的家具应于一星期前收到。不用说，发货的延迟给我方带来了很大的不便。因此，贵方必须立即发货，否则我们将被迫取消订单，到另处订货。

请紧急处理此事，并尽快告知结果。

2） for poor-packing （由于包装不妥提出索赔）

dear sirs ,

we are writing to inform you that the toys covered by our order no.519arrived in such an unsatisfactory condition that we have to lodge a claim against you .it was found upon examination that 10%of them are broken and some are badly scratched , obviously due to the improper packing . therefore, we cannot offer it for sale at the normal price and suggest that you make us an allowance of 20% on the invoiced cost .this is the amount by which we propose to reduce our selling price .if you cannot accept , im afraid we shall have to return them for replacement .

sincerely yours ,

3） for damage of goods （由于货物损坏而抱怨）

dear sirs,

our order no.jt-8 the glassware you supplied to our order of 3rd july was delivered by the shipping company this morning .the 160 cartons containing the goods appeared to be in perfect condition .but when i unpacked them with great care , i regret to report that 10 cartons of glassware badly cracked .

we trust you can understand that we expect the compensation for our dam aged goods .

yours faithfully,

亲爱的先生们：订单jt－8号我方于7月3日从贵处订购的玻璃器皿已于今早货运公司送到。装有货物的160个纸箱完好无损。但当我们小心打开检查时，发现有10箱玻璃器皿严重破损。相信贵处能理解我方要求对损坏货物进行赔偿。

4） for incomformity（由于货物不符而抱怨）

dear sirs ,

on march 12, we ordered 1,200 shirts size 42. but unfortunately ,we received completely different articles-children clothes today .we can only presume that a mistake was made and the children clothes were for another order .

as i have several customers waiting , please arrange for the replacements at once.

faithfully yours,

5） for unacceptable substitute （由于无法接受替代物而抱怨）

dear mr .cliff,

during the past three months i have placed two sizable orders for the handy desk companion by roy .specifying the hard back binding .but both time you sent me paper-back binding because you were out of stock on the hard-back .

fortunately ,i am still selling a few of the paper backs ,but more and more customers ask for the hard-back ones .(at least two of our competitors have this reference book in hard-back in our cities).

enclosed is my order for 75 copies of the handy desk companion in hard-back . please do not , under any circumstances ,send me anything else . i have plenty of the paper-back in stock.

very sincerely yours ,

亲爱的克里夫先生：在过去的三个月中，我两次向贵方订购了相当数量的由罗伊所著的《便利的办公伙伴》一书，指定需要精装本。但贵方由于精装本缺货，两次寄给我的都是平装本。

值得庆幸的是，我仍卖出一些平装本，但越来越多的顾客索要精装本。（本对少有两家竞争者出售此书的精装本）。

随信寄上订单，购买75本《便利的办公伙伴》精装本。请无论如何，不要寄给我其它替代物。我现已大量平装本的库存。

6）for shortweight (由于短重而要求索赔)

dear sirs ,

we have just received the survey report from shanghai commodity inspection bureau evidencing that all drums of apple juice weigh short by form 1 to 5 kilogram ,totaling 300 kilogram. as the drums were intact , it is obvious that apple juice was short weight before shipment .under such circumstances , we have to file a claim against you to the amount of rmb

850 plus inspection fee .

we are enclosing the survey report no. te(95)115 and looking for ward to your settlement at an early date .

yours faithfully .

亲爱的先生们：

我方刚刚收到上海商检局的栓验报告，证明所有苹果汁每桶少一至五公斤,总共减少三千公斤。由于果汁完好无损，显而易见，苹果汁估装运前就不够重量。在这种情况下，我方不得不向贵方提出八百五十元人民币的索赔，另加检验费用。现随信附上第te（95）115号商检报告，希望早日解决这一问题。

7）for over -shipment （由于到货数量过多而抱怨）

dear sirs,

we thank you for promptness in delivering the chinaware we ordered on 20th dec .the number of cartons delivered by your carrier this morning was 360, whereas our order was for only 320.

unfortunately , our present needs are completely covered and we cannot make use of the extra goods .please inform us by fax what we are to do with the extra goods .

yours faithfully ,

亲爱的先生们：对于我方12月20日订购的瓷器，非常感谢贵方及时发货。然而，今早贵方承运人送来360箱货物，而我方只订购了320箱。很不幸，我方目前的需要已完全饱和，无法接受多余的货物。请传真通知我方如何处理。

8）、or inferior quality (由于质量低劣而抱怨)

dear sirs,

with reference to our order no. 315, we are compelled to express our strong complaints for the inferior quality . compared to the sample no . 169, the arrived self-adhesive correction tape is very transparent and does not satisfactorily cover the error being corrected .

we shall be glad to have your explanation of this inferiority in the quality , and also to know what you purpose to do in this matter .

sincerely yours .

亲爱的先生们：关于我方第315号订单，由于到货质量低劣，我主被迫表达强烈的不满。同169号样品经较，此次运到的修改带稀薄，无法满意覆盖被改正的错误。我方希望贵方对这一情况加以解释，并告知贵方对此事的处理方法。

yours faithfully ,

8）、or inferior quality (由于质量低劣而抱怨)

dear sirs,

we shall be glad to have your explanation of this inferiority in the quality , and also to know what you purpose to do in this matter .

sincerely yours .

10)、for poor performance on a service contract (由于服务质量差而抱怨)

dear mr .weidner .

contract no. 17854

you will recall that you and i have discussed at least three times during the past six months the low quality of service provided by your hotel .after each conversation, service is improved for a short time , and then reverts .back to the old standard that brought abort my original complaints .

i will summarize in this letter my previous discussions about your performance .you may wish to refer to our contract as you read my comments.

1. windows :according to the contract ,all windows are to be cleaned once a month .this is not being done .often from six to eight weeks elapse between cleanings .even when the windows are cleaned ,the job is less than satisfactory .

2.carpets: the carpets should be vacuumed after each workday .although your service people do show up each day , their efforts can only be described as careless .

3.miscellaneous : i could mention a dozen other cleaning responsibilities that are not being met satisfactorily--furnitures , lavatories and ash trays , for example .

i call your attention to paragraph 7c in the contract , mr .weidner , in which the provisions for revocation of the contract are described .i do not like to consider such a possibility , but i must have your written assurance that all provisions of the contract will be met .

i will be pleased to meet with you once more to discuss the situation. i assure you that this a matter of some urgency to me .

yours faithfully,

亲爱的韦德罗先生：您会记得，在过去六个月中，我们至少三次讨论过贵旅店服务质量低劣问题。每次讨论过后，服务质量在短时间内有所提高，但不久又退回到原先的水平。

在这封信中，我将就先前讨论问题做一概述。您在阅读此信时，也许需要参考我们的合同.1. 窗户：遵照合同，每月清洗一次所有窗户。然而。此项工作并未得到落实。每次清洗相隔六至八周。即使窗户被清洗过，效果也不尽人意。2. 地毯：每个工作日之后，对地毯应真空吸尘。尽管贵方服务人员每天露面，但工作很不仔细。3. 各种事务：我可列举许多令人不满意的清洁工作，例如家具、卫生间、烟灰缸等等。韦德罗先生，请您注意我们合的每7c一段，有关终止合同的说明。我本人并不想考虑这种可能，但您是必须书面保证履行合同中的所有条款。我很愿意同您再次会晤，讨论目前情形。这事对于我至关重要，二盼急迫。

篇3：商务英语10种抱怨信函写作篇

商务英语10种抱怨信函写作篇

1） For Delay in Shipment (由于发货延迟而抱怨)

Dear Sirs ,

Please look into the matter as one of urgency and let us have your reply as early as possible .

Yours faithfully,

亲爱的先生们：我方从贵方订购的家具应于一星期前收到。不用说，发货的延迟给我方带来了很大的'不便。因此，贵方必须立即发货，否则我们将被迫取消订单，到另处订货。

请紧急处理此事，并尽快告知结果。

2） For Poor-Packing （由于包装不妥提出索赔）

Dear Sirs ,

Sincerely yours ,

3） For Damage of Goods （由于货物损坏而抱怨）

Dear Sirs,

Our order No.JT-8 The glassware you supplied to our order of 3rd July was delivered by the shipping company this

篇4：商务英语的抱怨信函写法

商务英语的抱怨信函写法

Complaints & Claims （抱怨和索赔信函）

抱怨、索赔信函的目的是为了获取更好的服务，对已出现的问题求得尽快的、妥善的解决。它通常是买方由于对收到的货物不满而书写，如：货物未按时到达；货物虽抵达，但与订单所载不同；货物有损毁现象；货物数量短缺或多余；货物质量与样品不符；服务不合理以及收费过高等，这些均是抱怨、索赔的正当理由。

书写抱怨、索赔信函时，不妨开门见山出原先双方同意的.条件，然后列举事实以表示有何不满，以及为什么不满，最后提出解决的方法。内容应明确、清楚、有理，语气要简洁、坚决。避免使用愤怒和使对方过于难堪的措辞（除非你所抱怨的问题反复发生，且多次投诉而毫无结果）。

1） For Delay in Shipment (由于发货延迟而抱怨)

Dear Sirs ,

Please look into the matter as one of urgency and let us have your reply as early as possible .

Yours faithfully,XXX

亲爱的先生们：

我方从贵方订购的家具应于一星期前收到。不用说，发货的延迟给我方带来了很大的不便。因此，贵方必须立即发货，否则我们将被迫取消订单，到另处订货。

请紧急处理此事，并尽快告知结果。

篇5：商务英语信函回信写作

Dear sir,

Firstly, We’d like to apologize for the late reply due to the problem of our computer network. We have repaired the machine and mailed back to you. Do you receive it ? The repair charge is US$ 1500, and the receipt will be based on the US$1200 as you requested. After the confirmation, please transfer US$1500 repairing charge to the

following a/c : To show our sincerity, we are willing to reduce price of RS10000 to the lowest US $114,000 . Besides, regarding to the 3 items you request, we will mail to you by express .

Thank you for your cooperation and we wish you success in your business.

P.S.: We are the SMT Machine manufacturer, and we only produce the new machines.Since we do not carry on the sales of used machines, we are unable to provide you the related information.

参考译文：

您好：

首先，我们必须向您致歉，由于敝公司计算机网络的问题，以致信件延迟至今才能回复您，请您见谅。

您送修的机器已经修理完成且已寄回，不知您收到没?修理的费用是1500美元，发票开立如您所要求1200美元，如果确认无误，请贵公司将修理费用1500美元汇至下列账户：

为了表示我们的感谢，我们会将S10000的.价格降至最低114,000美元。另外您要的三项东西，我们会用快递寄去给您。

谢谢您的合作，并祝事业昌隆!

P.S.：敝公司是一家SMT的制造商，生产的都是全新的机器，并无经营旧机器的买卖，所以很抱歉，无法提供您所需求的信息

篇6：商务英语信函的写作

商务英语信函的写作

商务信函写作能力直接影响到买家对公司的评估,给客户的每一份信函、邮件或者传真,都代表着公司的形象,显示公司的水平和实力。同时,也可以用这种方式来评估和了解买家。商务信函写作决定了是否以专业的方式跟买家进行有效的沟通,在业务往来中占据着举足轻重的地位。因此商务信函的写作技巧是国际商务人员必须掌握的一门重要功课。

尽管写作在今天已经被列为商业领域的关键技能之一,但在这一领域接收过全面训练的人还是少之又少的,人们要不就是在几乎无须动笔的课程上学有专攻,要么就是专攻学术写作之道,而学术写作与商务写作不是一回事。学术写作与商务写作的不同,主要在于读者和写作目的不同。在学术写作中,写作者的目的是要让有限的读者信服自己在专业领域的博学。读者通常也是行业内的专家,他们阅读和评价论文是有报酬的。而在商务英语写作领域,文章是写给那些可能并不了解写作题材的各行各业的读者看的。商务文章的写作,受到时间和金钱两方面的限制,另外,读者无须,也不想花时间来整理和阅读那些冗长而复杂的文章,因此,今天的商务沟通要求的是一种简洁明了易懂的文风。

因此要符合上述交流的要求,并且树立起专业,以顾客为本和思维清晰的形象,要注意的一些问题如下。

一、读者

了解读者是成功的关键。无论任何交流(无论是文书的还是口头的交流)的首要原则即便是了解听众,一切都围绕着这一原则进行。

二、遣词

简单的词效果是最好的。阅读理解研究的结果显示,如果文章的难度稍稍低于人们通常的理解水平,那他们理解起来就会更快。在生意场上的人,无论是老板还是打工族都没有时间为了看懂生词而去。所以为了确保普通读者正确理解你的意思,尽量挑选短小精悍的简单词汇。这样也就减少了产生误解的可能。行话仍有用武之地。行话是在特定的团体或行业内使用的专业语言。如果给这样的团体写信,行话就能比平常的`语言更清晰更准确的解释某些概念,也有助于于技术人员读者建立起和谐友好的联系。

三、造句

句首、句尾的内容应该得到突出。人们在看电视情景喜剧时也是这样一个情形,他们一打开电视,因为熟悉剧情的发展看到中间就会开溜去看其他频道,然后再回来看结尾。因此别把重要信息埋没在长句的中间位置,这样可能会被人忽略漏看。商务应用文句子的平均长度为15 到18 个单词。这是使读者能够快速理解句意的最佳长度。如果超过18 个单词,读者看到这种句子要么会跳过中间的细节,要么就会错误的理解句意,因此长度应切成两到三个短句为宜。最佳的商务信函应该由长短不同地句子组成。太多长句会使人不知所措,太多短句则读起来像是小儿絮语,长短句交错的文章对读者最具吸引力。标点超过四处的句子令人难以卒读。句子因为太复杂而需要那么多的标点的话,读者是很难读懂的。把这样的长句断成两句或更多的短句,这样有助于有逻辑地清楚明白地表达观点。表达三个乃至更多观点时使用列表是最好的办法,标题式的列表可以帮助读者迅速掌握要点,而且也留有空白的间隔。

四、分段

信函、备忘录和报告的起始段落与结尾段落的长度不应超过三到四行。从心理学的角度上看,如果段落过长,就可能使读者不愿意花时间继续看下去。结尾段落也应该简短扼要,明白说明读者应该采取怎样的行动。意思表达的越清楚越准确,越有可能得到想要的效果,位于信函、备忘录或报告肢体部分的段落绝不应该超过8 行长。今天的读者已经不习惯长篇大论,他们会撇开中间的段落之看第一和最后一句。因此,为了保证读者不漏掉重要的信息,将段落长度控制在8 行以内是最好的。电子邮件中的起始和结尾应该只有2～3 行长,主题部分段落长度不应该超过5 行。凡事为读者着想起见,尽可能缩短段落。

五、外观

外观是非常重要的。大多数人并不关心文档的外观。然而一封信函,电子邮件或报告的外观如何,在很大程度上决定了收件方是否愿意拆开阅读。如果其书写潦草难懂,那对方可能就会忽略其内容或推迟到以后再阅读。选择合适的字体和字号。字体应以适宜阅读为标准。现在有了word 软件,人们有机会使用多种大量不同的字体,但是如果同时使用多种字体,写出的东西就会获得“勒索信”一样的效果。字要慎重的选择,太小太大都不利于读者的阅读。绝不要整篇文档或电子邮件都用大写字母、粗体字或斜体字来写。有些人以为这样可以突出个人的风格或趣味,于是大部分甚至整篇文档都用大写字母、粗体字或斜体字来写。但是这些字体很难阅读,如果不加节制的滥用,反倒使它们丧失了正常的功用——即对某些单词或习语起到强调作用。只在其强调作用时用大写字母、粗体字或斜体字。

篇7：浅谈商务英语的信函写作

在日常的工作交流中，英文信函的往来再所难免。如何在这些信函中准确表词达意，让自身的工作能够顺利的进行，在商务英语的写作中，除了词汇量和句型使用的因素外，影响我们表达的还有哪些因素，都是我们关心的。许多人写信时，常努力表达清楚个人意见，却忽略了写信的目的和对象。信函的目的就是和读信人进行必要的沟通，达成一致观点或意见，或使读信人认同你的`观点和做法。因此，为保证沟通的顺畅，写信过程中应始终保持“同理心”，充分考虑读信人的文化程度，生活背景，读信时候的心情及可能会有的反应，挑选适合的表达方式，才能使写信人的意图被充分的理解，并在最大可能上和读信人达成一致，起到沟通和交流和目的。

避免“敌对”态度的产生在商务信函的写作中，由于潜词不当而造成的误会，其中绝大部分是由于忽略了词语的感情色彩而造成的，使读信人产生了“敌对的情绪”，从而使写信人的观点、意见不能被采纳或接受。例如，我们要求供应商能够提供正确的尺码的时候，有些学员会写成：“Do you think you could possibly send me the correct size this time?”从字面上面看这句话的意思没错。可是，我们忽略了Do you think you could…这个句式蕴涵了强烈的反问的语气，于是一句简单的询问，在读信的人看来变成了带有“讽刺”意味的质疑了。如果我们把这句话改成：Would you please replace the dress with one of the correct size?，听上去就是一句非常“诚恳”的请求，那么这样的请求被满足的可能性也会大很多。

此外，过多的使用“否定词”和命令性的词语，也容易引起对方的“敌对情绪”，就如当一些客户提出退货要求的时候，生产商的工作人员会要求客户提供发票。当遇到客户不能提供发票时，我们常需要拒绝客户退货的要求。在陈述理由的时候，有些学员会写：“You can?鄄not have a refund because you don’t have a re?鄄ceipt.”虽然，我们是根据流程和规定进行我们的工作，但是在这句话中出现了太多的not，措词非常强硬。这很可能会使客户的不满继续升级，而不能很好的解决争议。如果我们将这句话改成：You will receive a refund when you send the receipt.，情况就可能会改观。就从文字上来理解，这两句话所表达的意思基本相同，但其中包含的感情色彩和对读信人产生的心理作用却完全不同。因此，在撰写商务信函时，我们常会建议学生写完初稿后，站在收信人的角度通读全文，用“同理心”来避免信件中因为“措词不当”而产生敌对情绪。简洁的文字和高效率的工作

“提高工作效率”是许多办公室的白领并不陌生的词句；其实在商务英语的写作中，用词简练、有效也是为了提高工作效率，让收信人能在第一时间就了解主要意图，而不是花时间反复“欣赏”潜词造句的艺术。可是实际工作中，很多学员都会忘了这条写作的基本原则，进入“堆砌词藻”的误区。当然“累赘”的错误是比较明显的，更多时候，我们是为了追求句式的多样化而忘记了“简洁”的原则：例如，在表达目的关系时，用for the purpose of这个词组代替代to；在表达可能性时，不用probably而喜欢用in all probability等。这样表达不能说是错的，只是违背了用词简练的原则，使读信人觉得自己好像不是在办公室里工作，而是在家里读散文或者小说，因此写信时，要尽量避免使用一些范围过大，含义不清晰或文言文气很重的单词。通过下图的比较我们可看到，B栏的词汇更适合运用在商务写作中。

A BAssist → helpTerminate → endRemittance → paymentEndeavor → tryAnticipator → expectCommence → startPurchase → buyUtilize → useDispatch → send

Practice ： Rewrite these sentences to make them sound more polite and courteous.

1.Bring me the report.

2.Ms. Jennifer Chang, Minister, will conduct the session

3.The old Indian attorney was an expert trial lawyer.

4.The lady professor is affiliated by Lyme disease.

5.An employee requesting family leave must file the required paperwork at least one month prior to her requested leave.

Answer:

1.Would you please bring me the report.

2.Reverend Chang will conduct the session

3.The attorney was an expert trial lawyer.

4.The professor has Lyme disease.