翻译的标准（精选8篇）

“打杂的鸡蛋”通过精心收集，向本站投稿了8篇翻译的标准，以下是小编整理后的翻译的标准，欢迎阅读分享。

篇1：《桃花源记》标准全文翻译

晋太元中，武陵人捕鱼为业。

东晋太元年间，武陵郡有个人，以打鱼为生。

缘溪行，忘路之远近。

沿着小溪划行，忘记了路途的远近。

忽逢桃花林，夹岸数百步。

忽然遇到一片桃花林，夹着桃林两岸有几百步。

中无杂树，芳草鲜美，落英缤纷。

其中没有其他树。鲜花和嫩草鲜艳美丽，落花繁多。

渔人甚异之，复前行，

渔人对眼前的景象感到诧异，又向前划行，

欲穷其林。林尽水源，

想要走完桃花林。桃林在溪水发源的地方就到头了，

便得一山，山有小口，仿佛若有光。

就看到了一座山，山上有一个小洞口，隐隐约约有光

便舍船，从口入。

渔人于是舍弃船，从洞口进去。

初极狭，才通人。

起初很狭窄，仅容一个人通过。

复行数十步，豁然开朗。

又走了几十步，突然变得开阔明亮。

土地平旷，屋舍俨然

土地平坦宽阔，房屋整整齐齐的样子

有良田美池桑竹之属。

有肥沃的田地，美丽的池塘和桑园和竹林这类食物。

阡陌交通，鸡犬相闻。

田间小路交错相通，鸡鸣狗叫之声可以互相听到。

其中往来种作，男女衣着，

那中间的人来来往往耕种劳作，男女的衣着穿戴,

悉如外人。黄发垂髫，并怡然自乐。

都像桃花源外的世人，老人和小孩都安适愉快的样子

见渔人，乃大惊，

(桃花源里的人)见到渔人，竟然十分吃惊

问所从来。具答之。

问渔人从哪里来。渔人详细地回答了问题。

便要还家，设酒杀鸡作食。

有人便邀请渔人到自己家里去，摆酒杀鸡来款待他

村中闻有此人，咸来问讯。

村中的人听说有这样一个人，都来询问打探消息。

自云先世避秦时乱，

他们自己说他们的祖先为了躲避秦时的战乱，

率妻子邑人来此绝境

带领着自己的妻儿及乡邻们来到这与世隔绝的地方

不复出焉，遂与外人隔绝。

不再从这里出去，于是就与外面的人断绝了来往

问今是何世，乃不知有汉，

桃花源里的'人问现在是什么朝代，竟然不知道有汉朝

无论魏晋。

更不必说魏朝和晋朝了。

此人一一为具言所闻，

渔人把自己听到的事一一详细地告诉了他们

皆叹惋。

村中的人都感叹惋惜

余人各复延至其家，

其余的人又各自把渔人请到自己的家中，

皆出酒食。停数日，辞去。

都拿出酒食来款待他。渔人停留了几天，告辞离开了

此中人语云：

这里的人对渔人说：

“不足为外人道也。”

“这里的情况不值得对外边的人说啊!”

既出，得其船，

渔人离开桃花源以后，找到了他的船，

便扶向路，处处志之。

顺着从前的路回去，处处都做了标记。

及郡下，诣太守，说如此。

到了郡城，拜见了太守，说出了自己的这番经历

太守即遣人随其往，寻向所志

太守立即派人跟随他前往，寻找以前做的标记，

遂迷，不复得路。

竟然迷了路，再也找不到通往桃花源的路了。

南阳刘子骥，高尚士也，

南阳人刘子骥，是志向高洁的隐士

闻之，欣然规往。

听说了这件事，高兴地计划前往。

未果，寻病终。

没有实现，不久就病死了。

后遂无问津者。

此后就再也没有人访求桃花源了。

篇2：标准美文朗诵翻译

标准美文朗诵翻译

最新四级晨读主题美文100篇 36

April Fool's Day

While popular in the U.S., the April Fool's Day tradition is even more prevalent in European countries, such as France and Great Britain. Although the roots of the traditional trickings are unclear, the French and the British both have claims on the origin of the celebration.

One theory holds that the first April Fool's Day was on April 1 of the year when King of France instituted the new calendar. This new system placed the day that had formerly been the first day of a new year on April 1. Many people were reluctant to adjust to the new calendar and continued to celebrate New Year's Day on what had become the first day of April. Thus, they become the first April fools. Others began to give gag gifts on the day to mock the foolishness of those who continued to celebrate the new year on April 1.

An English story about the day, however, holds that it began sometime during the 1200s. At the time, King John of England was in the habit of making a road out of nearly every path he walked regularly. The citizens of one particular farm village were aware of this. To avoid having their green meadows and pastures disturbed with one of the king's roads, they built a fence that prevented the king from walking through their countryside. The king sent a group of messengers to inform the villagers that they must remove the barrier. Upon hearing that the king was planning to do this, however, the villagers developed a plan of their own. When community of lunatics, with people behaving in a bizarre manner, throwing things and running around wildly. The messengers, alarmed at what they had found, reported to King John that these people were so mad as to be beyond punishment. So, the villagers saved their farmland by tricking the King.In Great Britain, tradition only allows April Fool's tricks from midnight to noon on April 1. Those who try to play tricks in the afternoon become the fools themselves.

愚人节

愚人节的习俗在美国是很流行的,在欧洲国家如法国和英国就更是如此了. 虽然这种愚弄人习俗的起源不甚清楚,但法国人和英国人却都声称这种庆祝活动是由他们开始的.

有一种说法是,第一个愚人节始于法国新历法实行那年的4月1日,在这一天法国 国王宣布实行新历法.这种新历法将过去的新的一年第一天定在4月1日.很多人却不愿意按新的历法行事,还继续在 根据新的历法已经是4月的第一天庆祝新年,于是他们就成了第一批愚人.另一些人开始在这一天送恶作剧的礼物来 取笑那些继续在4月1日庆祝新年的人.

关于这一天,英国的一个故事则说它是始于13世纪的某一天.那时,英格兰的 约翰国王习惯于将他经常走的几乎每一条小道都修成一条路.有一个乡村的.居民知道了这个情况.为了保护他们 绿色的草地和牧场免受国王修路所造成的破坏,他们修了一道篱笆来阻挡国王在他们的乡间穿行.国王派了一队 使者去通报村民们必须拆除障碍.在听到国王打算这么做时,村民们也想出了自己的办法.当使者到达时,他们 看到这儿的人像一群疯子似的,样子怪诞,乱扔东西,四下疯跑.使者们惊讶于他们看到的情景,向约翰国王报告说, 这些人疯得厉害根本没法处罚.村民们就这样骗过了国王,保护了自己的农田.在英国,按习俗在4月1日只允许从半夜 到中午的这段时间可以搞愚人的恶作剧,到下午还这么做的人就成了愚人了.

英语标准美文100篇 002

Competition

It is a plain fact that we are in a world where competition is going on in all areas and at all levels.This is exciting.Yet, on the other hand, competition breeze a pragmatic attitude.People choose to learn things that are useful,and do things that are profitable.Todays' college education is also affected by this general sense of utilitarianism. Many college students choose business nor computing programming as their majors convinced that this professions are where the big money is. It is not unusual to see the college students taking a part time jobs as a warming up for the real battle.I often see my friends taking GRE tests, working on English or computer certificates and taking the driving licence to get a licence. Well, I have nothing against being practical. As the competition in the job market gets more and more intense, students do have reasons to be practical. However, we should never forget that college education is much more than skill training. Just imagine, if your utilitarianism is prevails on campus, living no space for the cultivation of students' minds,or nurturing of their soul. We will see university is training out well trained spiritless working machines.If utilitarianism prevails society, we will see people bond by mind-forged medicals lost in the money-making ventures;we will see humality lossing their grace and dignity, and that would be disastrous.I'd like to think society as a courage and people persumed for profit or fame as a horese that pulls the courage.Yet without the driver picking direction the courage would go straight and may even end out in a precarious situation .A certificate may give you some advantage, but broad horizons, positive attitudes and personal integrities ,these are assets you cannot acquire through any quick fixed way.In today's world, whether highest level of competition is not of skills or expertise , but vision and strategy. Your intellectual quality largely determinds how far you can go in your career.

英语标准美文100篇 008

Chinese Undergraduates in the US

Each year, elite American universities and liberal arts colleges, such as Yale, Harvard, Columbia, Amherst and Wellesley, offer a number of scholarships to Chinese high school graduates to study in their undergraduate programs. Four years ago, I received such a scholarship from Yale.

What are these Chinese undergrads like? Most come from middle-class families in the big urban centers of China. The geographical distribution is highly skewed, with Shanghai and Beijing heavily over-represented. Outside the main pool, a number of Yale students come from Changsha and Ningbo,swhereseach year American Yale graduates are sent to teach English.

The overwhelming majority of Chinese undergraduates in the US major in science, engineering or economics. Many were academic superstars in their high schools - gold medallists in international academic Olympiads or prize winners in national academic contests. Once on US campuses, many of them decide to make research a lifelong commitment.

Life outside the classroom constitutes an important part of college life. At American universities the average student spends less than thirteen hours a week in class. Many Chinese students use their spare time to pick up some extra pocket money. At Yale, one of the most common campus jobs is washing dishes in the dining halls. Virtually all Chinese undergraduates at Yale work part-time in the dining halls at some point in their college years. As they grow in age and sophistication, they upgrade to better-paying and less stressful positions. The more popular and interesting jobs include working as a computer assistant, math homework grader, investment office assistant and lab or research assistant. The latter three often lead to stimulating summer jobs.

Student activities are another prominent feature of American college life. Each week there are countless student-organized events of all sorts - athletic, artistic, cultural, political or social (i.e. just for fun). New student organizations are constantly being created, and Chinese undergrads contribute to this ferment. Sport looms much larger on US campuses than in China. At Yale, intramural sports from soccer to water polo take place all year long; hence athletic talent is a real social asset. One of the Chinese students at Yale several years ago was a versatile sportsman. His athletic talents and enthusiastic participation in sporting events, combined with his other fine qualities, made him a popular figure in his residential college.

英语标准美文100篇 017

I Want to Know

It doesn’t interest me what you do for a living. I want to know what you ache for, and if you dare to dream of meeting your heart’s longing.

It doesn’t interest me how old you are. I want to know if you will risk looking like a fool for love, for your dreams, for the adventure of being alive.

It doesn’t interest me what planets are squaring your moon. I want to know if you have touched the center of your own sorrow, if you have been opened by life’s betrayals or have become shriveled and closed from fear of further pain!

It doesn’t interest me if the story you’re telling me is true. I want to know if you can disappoint another to be true to yourself; if you can bear the accusation of betrayal and not betray your own soul. if you can be faithful and therefore be trustworthy.

It doesn’t interest me to know where you live or how much money you have. I want to know if you can get up after a night of grief and despair, weary and bruised to the bone, and do what needs to be done for the children.

It doesn’t interest me where or what or with whom you have studied. I want to know what sustains you from the inside when all else falls away. I want to know if you can be alone with yourself, and if you truly like the company you keep in the empty moments.

It doesn’t interest me who you are, how you came to be here. I want to know if you will stand in the center of the fire with me and not shrink back.

I want to know if you can sit with pain, without moving to hide it

I want to know if you can be with joy, mine or your own, if you can dance with wildness and let the ecstasy fill you to the tips of your fingers and toes without cautioning us to be careful, be realistic, or to remember the limitations of being human.

I want to know if you can see beauty , if you can source your life from god’s presence. I want to know if you can live with failure, yours and mine, and still stand on the edge of a lake and shout to the silver of the full moon, “Yes!”

英语标准美文100篇 027

Beauty

there were a sensitivity and a beauty to her that have nothing to do with looks. She was one to be listened to, whose words were so easy to take to heart.

I have thought about her often over the years and how she struggled in a society that places an incredible premium on looks, class, wealth and all the other fineries of life. She suffered from a disfigurement that cannot be made to look attractive. I know that her condition hurt her deeply.

Would her life have been different had she been pretty? Chances are it would have. And yet there were a sensitivity and a beauty to her that had nothing to do with looks. She was one to be listened to, whose words were so easy to take to heart. Her words came from a wounded but loving heart, very much like all hearts, but she had more of a need to be aware of it, to live with it and learn from it. She possessed a fine-tuned sense of beauty. Her only fear in life was the loss of a friend.

It is said that the true nature of being is veiled. The labor of words, the expression of art, the seemingly ceaseless buzz that is human thought all have in common the need to get at what really is so. The hope to draw close to and possess the truth of being can be a feverish one. In some cases it can even be fatal, if pleasure is one's truth and its attainment more important than life itself. In other lives, though, the search for what is truthful gives life.

The truth of her life was a desire to see beyond the surface for a glimpse of what it is that matters. She found beauty and grace and they befriended her, and showed her what is real.

英语标准美文100篇 080

Work and Pleasure

To be really happy and really safe, one ought to have at least two or three hobbies, and they must all be real. It is no use starting late in life to say: “I will take an interest in this or that.” Such an attempt only aggravates the strain of mental effort. A man may acquire great knowledge of topics unconnected with his daily work, and yet hardly get any benefit or relief. It is no use doing what you like; you have got to like what you do. Broadly speaking, human beings may be divided into three classes: those who are toiled to death, those who are worried to death, and those who are bored to death. It is no use offering the manual labourer, tired out with a hard week’s sweat and effort, the chance of playing a game of football or baseball on Saturday afternoon. It is no use inviting the politician or the professional or business man, who has been working or worrying about serious things for six days, to work or worry about trifling things at the weekend.

It may also be said that rational, industrious useful human beings are divided into two classes: first, those whose work is work and whose pleasure is pleasure; and secondly, those whose work and pleasure are one. Of these the former are the majority. They have their compensations. The long hours in the office or the factory bring with them as their reward, not only the means of sustenance, but a keen appetite for pleasure even in its simplest and most modest forms. But Fortune’s favoured children belong to the second class. Their life is a natural harmony. For them the working hours are never long enough. Each day is a holiday, and ordinary holidays when they come are grudged as enforced interruptions in an absorbing vocation. Yet to both classes the need of an alternative outlook, of a change of atmosphere, of a diversion of effort, is essential. Indeed, it may well be that those whose work is their pleasure are those who most need the means of banishing it at intervals from their minds.

工作和娱乐

要想获得真正的快乐与安宁，一个人应该有至少两三种爱好，而且必须是真正的爱好。到晚年才说“我对什么什么有兴趣”是没用的，这只会徒然增添精神负担。一个人可以在自己工作之外的领域获得渊博的知识，不过他可能几乎得不到什么好处或是消遣。做你喜欢的事是没用的，你必须喜欢你所做的事。总的来说，人可以分为三种：劳累而死的、忧虑而死的、和烦恼而死的。对于那些体力劳动者来说，经历了一周精疲力竭的体力劳作，周六下午让他们去踢足球或者打棒球是没有意义的。而对那些政治家、专业人士或者商人来说，他们已经为严肃的事情操劳或烦恼六天了，周末再让他们为琐事劳神也是没有意义的。

也可以说，那些理性的、勤勉的、有价值的人们可分为两类，一类，他们的工作就是工作，娱乐就是娱乐；而另一类，他们的工作即娱乐。大多数人属于前者，他们得到了相应的补偿。长时间在办公室或工厂里的工作，回报给他们的不仅是维持了生计，还有一种强烈的对娱乐的需求，哪怕是最简单的、最朴实的娱乐。不过，命运的宠儿则属于后者。他们的生活很自然和谐。对他们来说，工作时间永远不嫌长。每天都是假日，而当正常的假日来临时，他们总是埋怨自己所全身心投入的休假被强行中断了。不过，有些事情对两类人是同样至关重要的，那就是转换一下视角、改变一下氛围、将精力转移到别的事情上。确实，对那些工作即是娱乐的人来说，最需要隔一段时间就用某种方式把工作从脑子里面赶出去。

篇3：中国当代翻译标准讨论综述

中国当代翻译标准讨论综述

翻译标准对翻译实践和研究来说至关重要.遗憾的是,国内关于翻译标准综述的文章并不多,尤其是对其当代发展情况鲜有论及.有鉴于此,本文对中国当代有代表性的翻译标准进行了回顾与分析,同时初步探讨了翻译标准讨论给我们带来的启示.

篇4：考研英语翻译标准及翻译技巧

考研英语翻译标准及翻译技巧

研究生英语考试中的翻译是从一篇400字左右的文章中划出5个句子，要求考生在30分钟内将其翻译成中文，分值10分。考纲上关于翻译部分的规定是：“能将一般难度的英语短文译成汉语，理解基本正确，译文达意。”也就是说，翻译是一项对考生综合能力要求比较高的题型，它不仅要求考生对词汇、语法、语篇以及文化知识等有较好的掌握，还要求考生有很强的语言组织能力。

从近年的考研翻译真题可以看出，文章的题材大多是有关政治、经济、文化、教育、科普以及社会生活等方面的内容，文体以议论文为主，说明文为辅，结构严谨，逻辑性强。除此之外，长难句较多，这给考生在规定时间内准确地完成翻译增加了难度。

明确了考研英语翻译的特点之后，我们有针对性地来谈一下翻译技巧。在此之前，我们必须明确翻译的标准和过程。

翻译标准

在我国近现代，最有影响的翻译标准是严复的“信、达、雅”。就考研英语翻译而言，由于主要是自然科学和社会科学类的文章，加上时间有限，我们无法在“雅”这一标准上做文章。“达”，即通顺，译文必须通顺且符合汉语的语言习惯，这是一个重要的评分标准。“信”，即忠于原文，是翻译的最高标准。由于要翻译的5个句子是从一篇文章中截取出来的，因而译文必须和上下文表达的意思一致。如果歪曲了原文的意思，那么该句的得分不得超过0.5分。举一个非常典型的例子：

The importance of English language in communication cannot be overestimated.

刚看到这个句子时，很多考生可能马上会翻译成：“英语语言在交流中的作用不能被过高估计。”但是，根据上下文来理解，这个翻译是不对的。事实上，这个英语句子本身就有歧义，有两种截然相反的理解方式，这时，考生要根据上下文的提示，认识到这个句子应当是讲英语的重要性，必须翻译成：“英语在交流中的重要性，怎么高估也不过分。”所以，翻译不能扭曲原意，这是考研翻译的基本标准。我们这里强调的“信”和“达”，实际上也是我国翻译界普遍认可的标准：即忠实和通顺。

翻译过程

很多学者对翻译过程都有过著名的表述，比如沃吉林的循序渐进翻译方法：①逐词对译;②整理成符合译语规范的句子;③删除多余及不搭配的成分;④增添译文所需的成分;⑤语言加工。奈达则把翻译分成三阶段：①找核心句;②译核心句;③由核心句生成译语表层句。由于考研英语翻译大部分句型都是长难句，这一过程显得尤为重要。简而言之，首先要找出句子的主干部分，然后再处理其余的细枝末节，如修饰成分之类的。考试中，考生应该先略读全文，从大体上把握文章的意思，然后分析需要翻译的句子，找出主干，并明确代词如it、this、that、these等所指代的内容。接着，进一步分析句子在整篇文章中的作用及整体意思，分析完后开始翻译，使语句尽量通顺，并与上下文意思相符合。最后是检查，看拼写有无错误，时态是否正确，标点符号是否正确，数字、年份有无错误，以及有无自己的主观增减。

翻译技巧

1.直译和意译

所谓直译，是既忠于原文意思又保留原文形式的翻译;所谓意译，是不受原文词语的限制，不拘泥于原文句子的结构，用不同于原文的表达方式，把原文意思表达出来。在考研英语翻译中，由于题材基本上是关于自然科学和社会科学的文章，所以我们遵循的方法是：能直译就直译，既能直译又能意译的以直译为主，不能直译的采用意译，一般情况下直译与意译相结合。

(1)能直译就直译

例：In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say,“ United we stand, divided we fall ”.(真题)

译文：在应付一个如此规模的挑战过程中，我们可以毫不夸张地说，“团结，我们就会站起来;分裂，我们就会倒下去”。

(2)不宜直译就意译

例：The talk about raising taxes was a red flag to many voters.

译文：关于增税的谈论激怒了许多选民。

分析：原文表层信息――关于增税的谈论对选民来说是一面红旗(红旗对中文读者来说象征着革命)。

原文深层信息――a red flag是令人生气的事物，源于西班牙的斗牛民俗。斗牛场上，人们用红布来激怒牛。

(3)直译与意译相结合

例：The purpose of a test is to show what you have learned about a subject. The world won't end if you don't pass a test. So don't worry excessively about a single test.

译文：考试的目的在于显示你对某一科目的掌握程度。一次考试不及格天是不会塌下来的。因此不必为一次考试过分担心。

另外，我们不能忽视词语词组的翻译应以适应上下文为主要标准。例如“work”，在考研翻译中往往不能翻译成“工作”，而要翻译成“研究工作”;作为名词，也不能翻译成“作品”，而应当翻译成“研究成果”。这是考研翻译的一些具体要求和得分点之所在。

2.增译

作为翻译的一个普遍原则，译者不应该对原文的内容随意增减。不过，由于英汉两种语言文字之间存在着巨大差异，在实际翻译中，为了忠于原文，不能减损意思的表达。例如1994年真题中有这样一个词组“great man of genius”，许多考生翻译成了“天才”或者“伟人”，只取其一，都被酌情扣分，译文应是“天才(的)伟人”，这样才算忠于原文。又如真题中出现的“doll”，不能翻译成“玩具”，而必须翻译成“玩具娃娃”才能得分。所以，在考研翻译中，不妨奉行“只加不减原则”，当然也不要加得太多，把一句简单的“I can't sleep”翻译成“长夜漫漫，无心睡眠”就万万不可。但是，如果在文中遇到了省略句，那就必须“只加不减”。例如真题出现的这个句子：“It's the farthest that the scientists can see into the past.”就必须翻译成：“这是科学家看到的最远的过去(的景象)。”又如这句：“We don't retreat, we never have and never will.”就翻译成：“我们不后退，我们从没有后退过，将来也决不会后退。”所以，为了在保证信息覆盖率的基础上，使译文通顺流畅，符合汉语的表达习惯，一般都采用“只加不减”原则。

3.转译

在翻译过程中，由于汉语和英语两种语言在语法和表达习惯上的差异，有时必须改变原文某些词语的词性或句子成分才能有效地传达原文的准确意思。这就涉及到转译法。转译法分为两种：词性的转换和句子成分的转换。

(1)词性的转换

例：The growing awareness by millions of Africans of their extremely poor and backward living conditions has prompted them to take resolute measures and create new ones.

译文：数以百万计的非洲人已逐渐意识到他们的生活状况异常贫穷落后，这就促使他们采取坚决措施去创造新的生活条件。

分析：原文当中的名词转换为译文中的动词。

(2)句子成分的转换

例：Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.(真题)

译文：传统上，这些院校一直把学习法律看作是律师专有的'特权，而不是每一个受过教育的人必备的知识才能。

分析：原文的被动结构式主语变成了译文中的宾语，符合汉语表达习惯。

4.英语三大从句的译法

英语的三大从句是：名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句。由于它们本身就是句子，放到大的句子中会让句子变得复杂，从而也增加了翻译的信息量和难度。

(1)名词性从句的译法

名词性从句通常表达一种具体的概念，如“how things stand”实际上是表达“情况”这一概念，如果直译为“事物是如何站着的”就不准确，同时也违背了原意。所以通常采用概略法来翻译，使从句陈述的内容更明确化。

例：While we converse with what is above us, we do not grow old, but grow young.

译文：与高于自己的思想进行交流，人不会变得年老，只会变得年轻。

(2)定语从句的译法

在翻译英语的定语从句特别是复杂的定语从句时，最基本的方法是把它从整个句子结构中解放出来，即把原文的定语从句从其修饰地位中分离出来，使其相对独立地叙述所要表达的信息。从结构上分，英语定语从句可以译为前置定语、并列分句、状语从句、独立句子等。在20的真题中有这样一个句子：

On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news.

译文：另一方面，法律以一种方式把这些观念同日常实际联系起来――这种方式类似于新闻记者在报道以及评论新闻时根据日常规则所形成的联系方式。

我们可以看出这个定语从句已从整个句子结构中脱离出来，并用破折号表明。

(3)状语从句的译法

英语的状语从句无论在结构外形上还是内涵表意上都与汉语的状语从句大致对等，这里只强调几个应该注意的问题：

①连词能省则省，只

篇5：考研英语 翻译高分标准

考研英语 翻译高分标准

研究生入学考试中，翻译的考查方式是主观题，它不单单要求学生的英语基本功，而且对考生汉语表达能力有很高的要求，考研辅导专家认为，翻译评分上没有具体的标准，不易得分，所以很多学生对该题型感到挠头。

长难句结构划分要清晰

划分英语长难句结构，是理解英语句子含义的基础。许多同学反映，一看到长句就恐慌;再加上几个不认识的单词，根本无从下手，不知道原文在表达什么，所以只能认识几个单词就翻译几个单词，写出的译文自己都不知所云。考研辅导专家提醒考生，要成功翻译一篇英文文章，既要对英语原文理解正确无误，又要把汉语表达得流畅通顺。但在这两者中，正确理解原文既是起点也是关键。而要做到正确理解原文，就需要有扎实的英语语言基础，特别是英语句型结构知识和正确分析英语句子结构的能力。

逻辑关系梳理要明确

在正确理解原文句子结构的基础上，如果局限于原文的句子结构，没有真正弄懂各句之间的逻辑关系，也会造成误译。这是因为，英语中的许多连接词本身就有不同的含义，比如as，既可以引导原因状语从句，也可以引导时间状语从句和定语从句，还能和其他词构成新的引导词和短语等;而且某些连接词引导的从句的表面逻辑关系与实际逻辑关系并不相同，比如所有的定语从句看起来都是作定语，但实际上有时却从原因、结果、目的或条件等方面对被修饰词加以限定，所以为了更确切地表达这种逻辑关系，往往将一些定语从句译成相应的状语从句。考研辅导专家提醒考生，在正义反说或反义正说方面，还有对状语是修饰限定动词还是整句话，某些词语是作状语还是作定语，或者是否存在否定转移的理解等，都可能造成逻辑关系的.误译。

逻辑关系梳理要明确

在正确理解原文句子结构的基础上，如果局限于原文的句子结构，没有真正弄懂各句之间的逻辑关系，也会造成误译。这是因为，英语中的许多连接词本身就有不同的含义，比如as，既可以引导原因状语从句，也可以引导时间状语从句和定语从句，还能和其他词构成新的引导词和短语等;而且某些连接词引导的从句的表面逻辑关系与实际逻辑关系并不相同，比如所有的定语从句看起来都是作定语，但实际上有时却从原因、结果、目的或条件等方面对被修饰词加以限定，所以为了更确切地表达这种逻辑关系，往往将一些定语从句译成相应的状语从句。

篇6：孙权劝学的标准翻译

当初，孙权对吕蒙说：“你现在当权管事，不可以不学习！”吕蒙用军中事务繁多来推托。孙权说：“我难道想要你研究儒家经典，成为博士（专掌经学传授的学官）吗？我只是让你粗略地阅读，了解历史罢了。你说军务繁多，谁比得上我（事务多）呢？我经常读书，自己觉得获益很多。”吕蒙于是开始学习。当鲁肃到寻阳的时候，鲁肃和吕蒙一起谈论议事，鲁肃十分吃惊地说：“你现在的军事方面和政治方面的才能和谋略，不再是原来的那个吴县的（没有学识的.）阿蒙了！”吕蒙说：“志士（君子）分别几天，就重新另眼看待了，长兄你认清事物怎么这么晚呢？”于是鲁肃拜见吕蒙的母亲，和吕蒙结为朋友后分别了。

赏析

该文是根据先前的史书改写的。因先前的史书已有较详细的记载，而又无新的史料可以补充，所以文章是根据从略的原则对先前史书的有关记载进行改写的。文章篇幅小，仅119字，虽极简略但剪裁精当，不仅保留了原文的精华和故事的完整性，而且以更精练的文笔突出了人物的风采，是一篇成功的改写之作。

该文以对话为主，其他内容均简说或不说。如对吕蒙的学习情况，仅以“蒙乃始就学”一句加以概括，至于他读了哪些书，又如何用功则只字未提。后文中吕蒙二人的谈话，只用一句“与蒙论议”来交代，两人谈论的是什么话题，吕蒙的哪些见解让鲁肃起敬的都略去不写。详略的安排极其精当。

篇7：商务英语翻译 翻译的标准

一、古今中外。各抒己见的翻译标准

远在唐代，把翻译佛经当作终身事业的玄奘法师就创造出了一种优于前人的直译兼意译的新译法。玄奘精通汉梵两种语言，又深通佛学，译文严谨。他强调译文“既须求真，又须喻俗”，也就是既要忠实、真切地反映原文的原意，又要通顺易懂。

清代大翻译家严复曾翻译多部社会政治方面的经典著作。他的翻译取材严谨，态度严肃，在当时影响极大。他在《天演论·译例言》中提出了“信、达、雅”的翻译标准。这一具有高度概括性的完整的三字标准，在相当程度上反映了翻译的一些主要特点与规律，而且文字简练，通俗易懂。一经提出，即为翻译界所承认和推崇，在相当长的一段时期内，为我国的翻译工作起到了积极的推动作用。

鲁迅在《题未定草》中提出——“凡是翻译，必须兼顾两面，一则当然力求其易解。一则保存着原作的丰姿”;傅雷在《高老头·重译本序》中提出“神似”说——“以效果而论，翻译应当像临画一样，所求的不在形似而在神似”;钱钟书在《林纾的翻译》一文中提出“化境”说——“把作品从一国文字转变成另一国文字，既不能因语文习惯而露出生硬牵强的痕迹，又能完全保存原有的风味”。

英国学者、翻译理论家泰特勒(Alexander F.Tytler)在他的《翻译之原理》(Essayoft the Principles ofTranslation)一文中，提出了翻译的三个要素，即：①The translationshould be a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work;②The style and manner ofwriting should be of the same character with that of the original③The translation should haveall the ease of original composition.(①译文应与原文的思想完全相符。②译文应与原文的风格及体裁相同。③译文应与原作完全一样通顺自然。)

美国著名翻译理论家奈达(E.A.Nida)在《翻译的科学探索》一书中所下的定义：“所谓翻译，是指在译语中用最贴切而又最自然的对等语再现原语的信息，首先是意义，其次是文格。”廖七一先生认为，这一定义实际上提出了翻译的四个标准：(1)传达信息;(2)传达原作的精神与风格;(3)语言顺畅自然，完全符合译语规范和惯例;(4)读者反应类似。其中“读者反应类似”就是翻译界所熟知的“功能对等”标准。

国外还有一些翻译家提出了“三似”翻译标准，即形似、意似、神似。所谓“形似”，就是强调译文要保持原文的形式美;“意似”，是要保持译文的内容美;“神似”，则要保持原文的神韵美。

现代翻译家们对翻译的质量标准讲得更通俗一些，如张培基提出“忠实。通顺”;阎庆甲提出“深刻理解原文，确切表达译文”;庄绎传则说“如果一篇译文在内容上是忠实的，在语言上是通顺的，在风格上是得体的，那的确就是一篇很好的译文了”，也正如严复所说的“信，达，雅”的翻译标准。

二、商务英语的翻译标准

翻译的标准提法很多，可说是各抒己见，百家争鸣，但这种情况不利于我们的翻译实践，无法使我们有一个统一的指导性原则。本书作者认为在进行商务文体材料翻译时，一般标准是现时通用的“忠实、通顺”，而最高标准则是“功能对等”。

所谓忠实，指忠实于原作的内容。译者必须把原作的内容完整而准确地表达出来，不得有任何篡改、歪曲、遗漏或任意增删的现象。正如鲁迅所说的，翻译必须“保存着原作的风姿”。

所谓通顺，即指译文语言必须通顺易懂，符合规范。译文必须是明白晓畅的现代语言，没有逐词死译、硬译的现象，没有语言晦涩的现象，没有文理不通、结构混乱、逻辑不清的现象。正如鲁迅所说的，翻译必须“力求其易解”。

忠实与通顺是相辅相成的。忠实而不通顺，读者看不懂，也就谈不到忠实;通顺而不忠实，脱离原作的内容与风格，通顺也失去了作用，使译文成为编纂、杜撰或乱译。

所谓功能对等是指经过翻译，译文与原文之间在信息内容、信息承载方式、交际目的(预期功能)和交际效果等方面最大限度地保持不变，这样的翻译就称得上“功能对等”。例如：

(一)忠实通顺的翻译标准

原文：Western Europe has been hit harder than the United States and Japan.Somerelatively self-reliant poor countries，such as India，have been partly insulated.

该句中的“hit harder”和“have been partly insulated”的翻译能否达到“忠实”“通顺”的标准，影响到译文的质量。“hit harder than…”的含义为“受到的影响比……要大”，“have been partly insulated”的含义为“至今(只)受到部分影响”。这里的`insulated为物理学中常用动词，意为“使其绝缘了”。如果是partly insulated(部分绝缘了)，因为上文中的主语为“经济衰退”，那么，就应转译为“(只)受到部分影响”，由此可初步得出“受到经济衰退的部分影响”的翻译结果。英语中语句的表达方

式多使用被动语态，而汉语中通常习惯使用主动语态，考虑这一因素后，后半句中文译文会是“经济衰退至今只在一定程度上影响到了一些诸如印度等那些相对自力更生的穷国。”(二)功能对等的翻译标准原文：Gentlemen，

We have received your telegram of May 6，from which we understand that you havebooked our order for 2，000 dozen of shirts.

In reply，we have the pleasure of informing you that the confirmed，irrevocable letterof Credit No.7634，amounting to$17，000，has been opened this morning through theCommercial Bank，Tokyo.Upon receipt of the salne，please arrange shipment of the goodsbooked by US with the least possible delay.We are informed that S.S.“wuxi’’is scheduledto sail from your city to our port on May 28.We wish that the shipment will be carried bythat steamer.

Should this trial order prove satisfactory to our customers，we can assure you thatrepeat orde.rs in increased quantities will be placed.

Your close cooperation in this respect will be highly appreciated.Meanwhile，we lookforward to your shipping advice.

、 Yours sincerely，

这封信函有两个主要功能：信息功能和呼唤功能。信息功能，即向信函读者传达相关信息，如己方已获悉对方接受订货、信用证已开出等;呼唤功能，即向信函读者传达己方的希望，呼唤对方去思考和行动，如希望对方将所订货物迅速装船，并由“无锡”号装运等。翻译时必须确保这两个功能的实现，既要准确无误地传达相关信息，又要成功唤起信函接收者的行动。

译文：先生：

5月6日电悉，贵方已接受我方购买2 000打衬衫的订货。

我们高兴地答复，第7634号保兑的、不可撤销的信用证，金额为17 000美元，已于今晨通过东京商业银行开出。收到后，请将我们所订的货物迅速安排装运。另据悉“无锡”号轮定于5月28日从贵处开往我港，我们希望由该轮装运这批货物。

如若此次试购使我方客户满意，我们保证将继续大量订购。

我们对贵公司在这方面的密切合作深表感谢。同时盼望贵方的装运通知。

该译文在忠实于原文的基础上，根据汉语商务信函的写作特点，成功地再现了原文的双重功能。行文规范、得体，符合“功能对等”的标准。第二节翻译的要求

篇8：应聘翻译的标准英文求职信

应聘翻译的标准英文求职信

ethnic: chinese political features: members

academic qualifications (degree): undergraduate: english

contact tel: 12345678 mobile: 1390001234

contact address: xx street, dongcheng district, beijing on the 10th zip: 100007

email address: 12345678@sohu.com pager :66881122-1234

educational background

graduate institutions: hunan university 1993.9 - 1997.7 technology trade undergraduate english majors

other: other training

minor in japanese and guides

certified public accountant examination is being

work experience

* sino-us joint venture has 1999.4 ---armstrong technology co., ltd.

translation / general manager of the secretary of

to deal with all day-to-day affairs, general manager / executive director of the united states at the scene of translation of the technical training and business development / technical support to the united states, accompanied by work-site guidance / management arrangements for the meeting and the organization for translation business

* 1999.4 --- 1997.10 beijing sino-swiss joint venture zhong'an fire electronics co., ltd.

assistant manager of foreign production

responsible for switzerland, germany and hong kong's international sourcing operations / translation of various production techniques, business contract documents / assist in the implementation of the work of home-made electronic components / to organize and coordinate the production of the departmental meetings, and undertake translation work

profile

i am adaptable, responsible and diligent work, and has a good team spirit. engaged in translation and negotiations over the years, assistant work, accumulated a wealth of foreign trade negotiations and international trade experience and excellent english oral, written expression. able to skillfully operate a variety of office software and equipment to do the needs of modern office.

please give me a chance, i will also you to eye-catching glory.

i character

cheerful, modest, self-discipline, self-confidence (based on the person's circumstances).

another: the most important thing is the ability, i believe that your company will feel that i am a suitable candidate for this position!

look forward to working with your interviews!