“artimis”通过精心收集，向本站投稿了9篇申论模拟练习题答案，下面是小编为大家推荐的申论模拟练习题答案，欢迎大家分享。
篇1：申论模拟练习题答案
申论模拟练习题答案
随着我国可持续发展的不断推进，公众对环境质量的关注越来越强。垃圾分类不只是物理拆拣，更指向生产生活观念的变迁。但是垃圾分类需要进行到何种程度，不能脱离社会发展阶段，也关系社会运行成本，分类责任如何界定，既要考虑历史因素，也要顾及管理难度。
【中公评析——开头指出背景并指出核心：进行到何种程度，要根据实际情况，不可一蹴而就。直接回应了材料当着存在的问题，表明了自己的态度。】
今天的中国已是当之无愧的生产大国，但生产、消费、分解缺一不可。在今天的语境下，如何分解消化我们的生产、消费之物，或许比化解过剩产能更为棘手。垃圾只是放错了地方的资源，将其顺利归位不仅是城市环境优化的问题，更是资源再利用发展循环经济的题中之意。垃圾分类工作，是一项关系到百姓安居乐业的大事，更是打造生态城市、文明城市和宜居城市不可或缺的工作，
【中公评析——意义分析部分，指出垃圾分类不仅是环境的需要，也是发展循环经济让百姓安居乐业的需要。】
针对居民排放的`生活垃圾，各地也在开展着垃圾分类处理工作，长期以来，游商、拾荒者充当了低成本的垃圾分拣者，但成效甚微。究其原因，无非是民众的参与性不强，垃圾分类工作的监督和日常管理的失位；垃圾分类后的回收利用的承接不到位；政府有关部门的财政支持力度不够；与垃圾分类相关的法律法规尚不完善等等。
【中公评析——分析原因：指出垃圾分类多方面的原因，民众参与、管理失位等。】
社会文明的递进，总是生活习惯、社会意识、市政管理集体映射的结果。垃圾分类也非一方力量能及。只有激发社会力量，实现多方联动，才能摸索出适合我国国情、成本可控、成果可见的垃圾分类模式。就垃圾分类回收而言，主管部门除了口头引导，更要制定清晰标准、完善服务管理。有时候，一张写清楚垃圾类别、回收方式的便民贴，胜过一个高档垃圾箱。日本、德国的垃圾分类受人称赞，离不开详细的垃圾分类标准、针对不同垃圾确定的收集日制度，源自清晰注明垃圾类别的包装，更得益于从幼儿园起就要学习垃圾分类的“开学第一课”。
【中公评析——提出对策措施，指出要多方联动，跟上面的问题相对应。】
【中公评析——结尾总结提升，并引用名言警句，为垃圾分类一步步走下去坚定信心】
篇2：托福阅读模拟练习题及答案
The Moon, which has undergone a distinct and complex geological history, presents a striking appearance. The moon may be divided into two major terrains: the Maria (dark lowlands) and the Terrace (bright highlands). The contrast in the reflectivity (the capability of reflecting light) of these two terrains suggested to many early observers that the two terrains might have different compositions, and this supposition was confirmed by missions to the Moon such as Surveyor and Apollo. One of the most obvious differences between the terrains is the smoothness of the Maria in contrast to the roughness of the highlands. This roughness is mostly caused by the abundance of craters: the highlands are completely covered by large craters (greater than 40-50 km in diameter), while the craters of the Maria tend to be much smaller. It is now known that the vast majority of the Moon's craters were formed by the impact of solid bodies with the lunar surface.
Most of the near side of the Moon was thoroughly mapped and studied from telescopic pictures years before the age of space exploration. Earth-based telescopes can resolve objects as small as a few hundred meters on the lunar surface. Close observation of craters, combined with the way the Moon diffusely reflects sunlight, led to the understanding that the Moon is covered by a surface layer, or regolith, that overlies the solid rock of the Moon. Telescopic images permitted the cataloging of a bewildering array of land forms. Craters were studied for clues to their origin; the large wispy marks were seen. Strange, sinuous features were observed in the Maria. Although various land forms were catalogued, the majority of astronomers' attention was fixed on craters and their origins.
Astronomers have known for a fairly long time that the shape of craters changes as they increase in size. Small craters with diameters of less than 10-15 km have relatively simple shapes. They have rim crests that are elevated above the surrounding terrain, smooth, bowl-shaped interiors, and depths that are about one-sixth their diameters. The complexity of shape increases for larger craters.
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) What astronomers learned from the Surveyor and Apollo space missions.
(B) Characteristics of the major terrains of the Moon.
(C) The origin of the Moon's craters.
(D) Techniques used to catalogue the Moon's land forms.
2. The word “undergone经历” in line 1 is closest in meaning to
(A) altered
(B) substituted
(C) experienced
(D) preserved
3. According to the passage , the Maria differ from the Terrace mainly in terms of
(A) age
(B) manner of creation
(C) size
(D) composition
4. The passage supports which of the following statements about the Surveyor and Apollo missions?
(A) They confirmed earlier theories about the Moon's surface.
(B) They revealed that previous ideas about the Moon's craters were incorrect.
(C) They were unable to provide detailed information about the Moon's surface.
(D) They were unable to identify how the Moon's craters were made.
5. The word “vast” in line 11 is closest in meaning to
(A) special
(B) known
(C) varied
(D) great
6. All of the following are true of the Maria EXCEPT:
(A) They have small craters.
(B) They have been analyzed by astronomers.
(C) They have a rough texture.
(D) They tend to be darker than the terrace.
7. All of the following terms are defined in the passage EXCEPT
(A) Moon (line 1)
(B) reflectivity (line 3)
(C) regolith (line 16)
(D) Maria (line 2)
8. The author mentions “wispy marks” in line 19 as an example of
(A) an aspect of the lunar surface discovered through lunar missions
(B) a characteristic of large craters
(C) a discovery made through the use of Earth-based telescopes
(D) features that astronomers observed to be common to the Earth and the Moon
9. According to the passage , lunar researchers have focused mostly on
(A) the possibility of finding water on the Moon
(B) the lunar regolith
(C) cataloging various land formations
(D) craters and their origins
10. The passage probably continues with a discussion of
(A) the reasons craters are difficult to study
(B) the different shapes small craters can have
(C) some features of large craters
(D) some difference in the ways small and large craters were formed
BCDAD CACDC
篇3：PETS二级模拟练习题及答案参考
PETS二级模拟练习题及答案参考
1.She was so angry at all ____he was doing _____she walked out without saying a word.
A. that, that B. which; that C. what; as D. that; which
2.Every minute must be made full use of _______our lessons, for the college entrance exam is coming.
A. going over B. to go over C. go over D. our going over
3.They are going downtown ________bus instead of _______their bikes.
A. by, by B. on; by C. by; in D. by; on
4.----- How about a film tonight?
----- _______I havent been to the cinema for a long time.
A. Yes, thanks. B. Why not? C. No, go away D. Its a pity.
5.----- which _______,bread or rice?
----- ________will do.
A. had you better eat; Both B. would you like; All
C. do you like most ; None D. would you rather have;
6.----- My God! I have to walk home now, for I just missed the bus.
----- Thats too bad. You ______it had you set out a bit earlier.
A. should have caught. B. had caught C. would have caught. D. could
7.More than one teacher _______told him it is important that he learn English well if he _______abroad.
A. had; will go B. has; wants to go C. has; want to go D. have; shall go
8.----- Do you see why he hasnt turned up yet?
----- Sorry, I dont know _______.
A. what the matter is B. how matters stood C. what is the matter D. how is the matter
9.----- Wheres John, do you know?
----- Oh, _____to hospital.
A. hes taken B. hell be taken C. hes been taken D. hell take
10.----- _______is your English teacher?
----- The one in red.
A. who B. which C. what D. where
11.----- John, may I ask you a favour?
----- ______
A. I’m sorry, but why? B. Sure, what is it? C. Yes, you could. D. I’d love to, and I’m busy.
12.Where was it _____the road accident happened yesterday?
A. when B. that C. which D. how
13.______you choose, make sure that it is a good one.
A. What B. Wherever C. Whichever D. Which
14.He suggested the sports meet be _______because of the bad weather.
A. put away B. put up C. put down D. put off
15.I didnt manage to work out the problem _______the teacher had explained how.
A. until B. unless C. when D. before
答案：1—10 ABDDD CBCCB
11—1
5 BBCDA
篇4：英语六级阅读模拟练习题及答案
Most episodes of absent-mindedness forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered aroom-are caused by a simple lack of attention,says Schacter. “You’re supposed to remember something, butyou haven’t encoded it deeply.”
Encoding, Schacter explains, is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major impact on recalling it later. Failure to encode properly can create annoying situations. If you put your mobile phonein a pocket, for example, and don’t pay attention to what you did because you’re involved in a conversation, you’ll probably forget that the phone is in the jacket now hanging in you wardrobe (衣柜). “Your memory itself isn’t failing you,” says Schacter. “Rather, you didn’t give your memory system the information it needed.”
Lack of interest can also lead to absent-mindedness. “A man who can recite sports statistics from 30 years ago,” says Zelinski, “may not remember to drop a letter in the mailbox.” Women have slightly better memories than men, possibly because they pay more attention to their environment, and memory relies on justthat.
Visual cues can help prevent absent-mindedness, says Schacter. “But be sure the cue is clear and available,” he cautions. If you want to remember to take a medication (药物) with lunch, put the pill bottle on the kitchen table—don’t leave it in the medicine chest and write yourself a note that you keep in a pocket.
Another common episode of absent-mindedness: walking into a room and wondering why you’re there. Most likely, you were thinking about something else. “Everyone does this from time to time,” says Zelinski. The best thing to do is to return to where you were before entering the room, and you’ll likely remember.
1. Why does the author think that encoding properly is very important?
A. It helps us understand our memory system better.
B. It enables us to recall something form our memory.
C. It expands our memory capacity considerably.
D. It slows down the process of losing our memory.
2. One possible reason why women have better memories than men is that ________.
A. they have a wider range of interests
B. they are more reliant on the environment
C. they have an unusual power of focusing their attention
D. they are more interested in what’s happening around them
3. A note in the pocket can hardly serve as a reminder because ________.
A. it will easily get lost
B. it’s not clear enough for you to read
C. it’s out of your sight
D. it might get mixed up with other things
4. What do we learn from the last paragraph?
A. If we focus our attention on one thing, we might forget another.
B. Memory depends to a certain extent on the environment.
C. Repetition helps improve our memory.
D. If we keep forgetting things, we’d better return to where we were.
5. What is the passage mainly about?
A. The process of gradual memory loss.
B. The causes of absent-mindedness.
C. The impact of the environment on memory.
D. A way if encoding and recalling.
参考答案：
1.[B] 事实细节题。根据第2段第1句可知，encoding是关注某事的一种特殊方式，这影响到以后是否能回忆起这件事来，因此B正确。
2.[D] 事实细节题。根据第3段第3句，“女性比男性的记忆力稍强，这也许是因为她们对周围的环境更加注意，而记忆正是依靠这个”，故选D “她们对于周围发生的事更感兴趣”。
3.[C] 事实细节题。根据第4段首句中说到的“视觉线索可以防止遗忘某事”可知破折号之后的警告“不要把药瓶放在药箱里，然后写一张纸条装进口袋”正是为了防止药瓶、提示性信条离开了视线，故选C。
4.[A] 推断题。根据后一段的前两句“心不在焉的另一个常见的情景是:走进房间,却不知为什么要进来。你很有可能是在想别的事”,可知本题答案为A。
5.[B] 主旨题。根据第1、3、5段的首句可以得出，本文主要讲的是精神不集中的原因，故选B。
篇5：《会计基础》模拟练习题及答案
《会计基础》模拟练习题及答案
21．某企业1月份发生下列经济业务（不考虑相关税费）：
（1）销售产品一批，计货款5 000元，当即存入银行。
（2）销售产品一批，计货款10 000元，收到8 000元当即存入银行，企业货款暂欠。
（3）预付1—3月的固定资产租金3 000元。
（4）收到上月的应收销货款7 000元。
（5）收到购货单位预付的购货款9 000元，下月交货。
按收付实现制计算，该企业1月份的收入为【 A】元。
A．29 000
B．0
C．15 000
D．13 000
【答案解析】按收付实现制计算，该企业1月份的收入=5 000+8 000+7 000+9 000=29 000（元）。
22．根据第21题资料，按收付实现制计算，该企业1月份的费用为【 D】元。
A．12 000
B．1 000
C．2000
D．3 000
【答案解析】按收付实现制计算，该企业1月份的'费用为3 000元。
23．根据第21题资料，按权责发生制计算，该企业1月份的收入为【 C】元。
A．29000
B．20000
C．15 000
D．13 000
【答案解析】按权责发生制计算，该企业1月份的收入=5 000+10 000=15 000（元）。
24．根据第21题资料，按权责发生制计算，该企业1月份的费用为【B】元。
A．12 000
B．1 000
C．2 000
D．3 000
【答案解析】按权责发生制计算，该企业1月份的费用为1 000元。
25．记账凭证填制完毕后，如有空行应【B】。
A．空置不填
B．画线注销
C．盖章注销
D．签字注销
【答案解析】记账凭证填制完毕后，如有空行，应当自金额栏最后一笔金额数字下的空行处至合计数上的空行处画斜线注销。
26．“预收账款”账户期初贷方余额5 000元，本期贷方发生额7 000元。本期借方发生额8 000元。该账户期末则为【 C】。
A．借方余额4 000元
B．借方余额6 000元
C．贷方余额4 000元
D．贷方余额6 000元
【答案解析】“预收账款”期末余额=5 000+7 000—8 000=4 000（元）。
27．下列不影响“营业利润”计算的项目是【D】。？？
A．其他业务收入
B．财务费用
C．管理费用
D．营业外支出
【答案解析】A、B、C选项影响“营业利润”，D选项影响“利润总额”。故选D。
28．在不设借贷等栏的多栏式账页中，【B】登记减少数。
A．用负数
B．用红字
C．用蓝字
D．专设一栏
【答案解析】在不设借贷等栏的多栏式账页中，用红字登记减少数。
29．某企业“应收账款”账户所属甲、乙、丙明细账的期末余额分别为：借方余额500元、贷方余额1 200元、借方余额4 000元。按照平行登记原则，“应收账款”总账账户期末余额应为【 C】元。
A．借方5 700
B．借方4 500
C．借方3 300
D．借方1 200
【答案解析】“应收账款”总账账户期末余额=500—1 200+4 000=3 300（元）。
30．某企业“应付账款”总账期初贷方余额为5 000元，本期贷方发生额为9 000元。该总账设有两个明细账：甲公司明细账的期末贷方余额为2 000元，乙公司明细账的期末贷方余额为4 000元。则“应付账款”总账的期末余额为【C】元。
A．借方期末余额2 000
B．贷方期末余额4 000
C．贷方期末余额6 000
D．贷方期末余额9 000
【答案解析】“应付账款”总账的期末余额等于其明细账户余额之和，即：2 000+4 000=6 000（元）。
篇6：英语中级模拟练习题及答案
有关英语中级模拟练习题及答案
Section A
Directions: There are ten incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then write down the right answer in the brackets for each sentence. This section totals 10 points, one point for each sentence.
( )1 Customers have become less loyal to brands and are more willing to to lower-priced coffee products.
A. trade in B. trade for C. trade up D. trade down
( )2 Toyworld is a profitable toy retailer in Seattle, US, with subsidiaries in over 30 countries.
A. basing B. base C. basis D. based
( )3 We have Julian Montero, the Argentine supplier of the wine we are importing.
A. touched B. contacted C. linked D. contacted with
( )4 Bob and Tony are business and have arranged to meet at the sales conference.
A. delegates B. customers C. associates D. officers
( )5 Telecommunication companies belong to the tertiary of industry.
A. section B. sector C. area D. part
( )6 Our products are of better quality than from other countries.
A. this B. that C. those D. it
( )7 The price of the catalogue is against your first order.
A. removable B. replaceable C. rechargeable D. refundable
( )8 An L/C should be established in our favor by documentary draft at sixty days’ sight.
A. available B. honorable C. paying D. paid
( )9 We would like to take this opportunity to write to you the hope of establishing business relations with you.
A. at B. for C. with D. in
( )10 The goods are packed in cartons innerlined with material.
A. water-proved B. water-protected C. water-proof D. water-tight
Section B
Directions: There are ten blanks in the following passage. You are required to choose the best one from the given four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Then write down the correct answer in the brackets. This section totals 10 points, one point for each blank.
Before marketing yourself globally, it is important to 1 your business is ready to deal with challenges presented by the international environment 2
language and cultural barriers, foreign laws, order fulfillment, and pre/post sales support.
Language and Culture - Neither technical accuracy 3 perfect translation is sufficient when considering the language you will communicate through. It is important to really understand how a language is used by the people in your 4 market
篇7：成人高考高起点英语模拟练习题及答案
May 19，
Dear Professor Wang：
On behalf of the Student Union of the English Department， I am writing to invite you to give a lecture on Chinese history.
We have planned to have such a lecture at 2：30 p. m. in Lecture Hall 419， on May 25.
Looking forward to your lecture. Inform us in advance if you can not come.
Sincerely yours，
Li Ping
篇8：成人高考高起点英语模拟练习题及答案
63. Which of the following shows that a person is NOT dreaming in his sleep?
A. His eyes begin to move. B. His breathing becomes faster.
C. His heart rate increases. D. His eyes stop moving.
64. The subject of this passage is ________.
A. why people sleep B. the human need for REM sleep
C. the characteristic of REM sleep D. physical changes in the human body
65. Which of the following is the best title of the article?
A. REM Sleep B. Two Types of Sleep C. Sleepers D. What Happens to Sleepers
Passage Two
The Mother Goose Stories， so well known to children all over the word， are commonly said to have been written by a little old woman for her grandchildren. According to some people， she lived in Boston， and her real name was Elizabeth Vergoose. Her son-in-law， a printer named Thomas Fleet， was supposed to have published the famous stories and poems for small children in 1719. However， no copy of this book has ever been found， and most scholars doubt the truth of this story―and doubt， moreover， that Mother Goose was ever a real person. They point out that the name is a direct translation of the French “Mere I‘ Oye.” In 1697 the Frenchman Charles Perrault published the first book in which this name was used. The collection contains eight tales， including “Sleeping Beauty，” “Cinderella，” and “Puss in Boots.” But Perrault did not originate these stories; they were already quite popular in his day， and he only collected them.
66. What is suppssed to have happened in 1719?
Elizabeth Vergoose wrote the first Mother Goose Stories.
Thomas Fleet published the Mother Goose Stories.
The Mother Goose Stories were translated into French.
Charles Perrault published the first Mother Goose Stories.
67. Most scholars consider Mother Goose to be _________.
A. a real person B. a book written by a little old woman
C. a collection by Elizabeth Vergoose D. a translation from French
68. When Perrault published the first book in 1679， _______.
no story of the book had been known to people
some stories of the book were already well known
few people were interested in the stories of the book
stories like “Sleeping Beauty” and “Cinderella” became popular
69. The name used in the first book published in 1679 is supposed to have been _______.
A. Mother Goose B. Mere I‘ Oye C. Elizabeth Vergoose D. Charles Perrault
70. On the basis of this passage， what may be concluded about the real origin of stories “Sleeping Beauty” and “Cinderella”?
They were invented by Elizabeth Vergoose.
They were invented by Thomas Fleet.
They were invented by Charles Perrault.
Their writers are unknown.
Passage Three
Banks are not ordinarily prepared to pay out all accounts; they rely on depositors (储户) not to demand payment all at the same time. If depositors should come to fear that a bank is not safe， that it cannot pay off all its depositors， then that fear might cause all the depositors to appear on the same day. If they did， the bank could not pay all accounts. However， if they did not all appear at once， then there would always be enough money to pay those who wanted their money when they wanted it. Mrs. Elsie Vaught has told us of a terrifying bank run that she experienced. One day in December of 1925 several banks failed to open in a city where Mrs. Vaught lived. The other banks expected a run the next day， and so the officers of the bank in which Mrs Vaught worked as a teller had enough money on hand to pay off their depositors. The officers simply told the tellers to pay on demand. The next morning a crowd gathered in the bank and on the sidewalk outside. The length of the line made many think that the bank could not possibly pay off everyone. People began to push and then to fight for places near the tellers‘ windows， The power of the panic atmosphere was such that two tellers， though they knew that the bank was quite all right and could pay all depositors， drew their own money from the bank. Mrs Vaught says that she had difficulty keeping herself from doing the same.
71. A bank run happens when _______.
a bank is closed for one or more days
too many depositors try to draw out their money at one time
there is not enough money to pay all its depositors at one time
tellers of a bank take their own money from the bank
72. The tellers in Mrs. Vaught‘s bank were told to ________.
explain why they could not pay out all accounts
pay out accounts as requested
make the depositors believe that the bank was stand
pay out money as slowly as possible
73. The main cause of a bank run is _______.
A. loss of confidence B. lack of money
C. crowds of people D. inexperienced tellers
74. Which of the following did Mrs. Vaught say?
She know that the bank was not sound.
She feared that too many depositors drawing their money would close the bank.
She was not able to draw out her money.
She was tempted to draw out her money.
篇9：高考历史模拟练习题附答案
一、选择题
1.汉初有歌谣盛赞：“萧何定法律，明白又整齐;曹参接任后，遵守不偏离。施政贵清静，百姓心欢喜。”这反映了西汉初年盛行( )
A.墨家学说 B.法家学说
C.黄老之学 D.大一统思想
解析 本题主要考查学生分析历史现象的能力。材料反映了汉初“萧规曹随”的现象，这是汉初推行黄老之学，无为而治的治国方针的反映。
答案 C
2.下列观点与黄老之学相符的有( )
①“天法道，道法自然” ②倡导“待时而动” ③倡导“因时制宜” ④强调“无为而无不为”
A.①②③④ B.②③④
C.①②④ D.①③④
解析 本题考查学生对黄老之学精神实质的理解。根据材料叙述可知，①理解为人既要尊重自然规律反对盲目行动，又要发挥人的主观能动作用，是黄老之学的理论依据，②③④是黄老之学的具体表现。
答案 A
3.汉武帝时“绌黄老刑名百家之言，延文学儒者数百人”。对这一材料理解不正确的是( )
A.体现了儒家学派战胜了黄老学派
B.适应了西汉社会发展的需要
C.不利于解决王国问题
D.儒家思想逐渐成为了正统思想
解析 题干材料体现了汉武帝结束了“无为而治”的黄老之学的统治地位，采用主张“大一统”的儒家思想作为统治思想，这有利于加强中央集权，解决王国问题。
答案 C
4.有人认为中国古代君主____理论由先秦法家遵守，经汉朝儒生发展而成。这两个阶段的代表人物分别是( )
A.荀子、董仲舒 B.荀子、孟子
C.商鞅、孟子 D.韩非子、董仲舒
解析 战国时期韩非子主张君主____，而汉武帝时董仲舒创立新儒学主张大一统，发展完善了君主____理论。
答案 D
5.《史记·李斯列传》：“古者天下散乱，莫能相一……人善其所私学，以非上所建立。今陛下并有天下，别白黑而定一尊。而私学乃相与非法教之制……如此不禁，则主势降乎上，党与成乎下。”《汉书·董仲舒传》：“诸不在六艺之科、孔子之术者，皆绝其道，勿使并进。”上述两者的思想共同点是( )
A.实行国家思想统一 B.采用法家思想治国
C.罢黜百家，独尊儒术 D.禁绝一切学派思想
解析 本题主要考查学生理解材料，分析比较的能力。B项只符合李斯主张;C项只符合董仲舒思想;D项说法太绝对;A项是其共同之处。
答案 A
6.董仲舒说：“使富者足以示贵而不致于骄，贫者足以养生而不致于忧。以此为度而均调之，使财不匮而上下相安，故易治也。今世弃其度制，而各从其欲……富者愈贪利而不肯为义，贫者日犯禁而不可得止，是世之所以难治也。”董仲舒这一观点主要着眼于( )
A.消除贫富差距 B.保障财政收入
C.维护____统治 D.缓和阶级矛盾
解析 本题主要考查学生的理解能力。解题时可结合董仲舒强化中央集权的思想来理解材料。从材料中的“易治”和“难治”可知其着眼点是维护____统治。
答案 C
7.“凡灾异之本，尽生于国家之失。国家之失乃始萌芽，而天出灾害以谴告之;谴告之而不知变，乃见怪异以惊骇之;惊骇之尚不知畏恐，其殃咎乃至”。引文的出处应为( )
A.《道德经》 B.《论语》
C.《韩非子》 D.《春秋繁露》
解析 本题主要考查学生解读材料的能力。材料反映了董仲舒的天人感应的学说，这应出于《春秋繁露》，D项正确;A项是老子的著作;B项是记述孔子的言论;C项是法家韩非的著作。
答案 D
8.《汉书·董仲舒传》中有“道之大原出于天，天不变，道亦不变”“以教化为大务”“正法度之宜”等记载。由此可知董仲舒的思想( )
A.强调“春秋大一统” B.糅合了多学派思想
C.趋向“三教合一” D.背离了先秦传统儒学
解析 本题主要考查学生的理解能力。“道之大原出于天，天不变，道亦不变”是道家的主张;“以教化为大务”是儒家的主张;“正法度之宜”反映了法家重视法治的思想。材料反映了董仲舒糅合了多学派思想。
答案 B
9.江都(今扬州)王刘非是汉武帝的同父异母兄弟，骄横好胜。汉武帝为教育、引导刘非，任命董仲舒为江都相。根据所学知识，你认为董仲舒用以引导刘非的学说主要是( )
A.“我无为，而民自化;我好静，而民自正;我无事，而民自富;我无欲，而民自朴”
B.“明主之国，无书简之文，以法为教，无先王之语，以吏为师”
C.“天子受命于天，天下受命于天子”
D.“兼相爱，交相利”
解析 本题实质在于考查董仲舒的思想学说，A、B、D三项分别是道家、法家和墨家思想，只有C项体现了董仲舒“天人感应”思想。
答案 C
10.奶奶不断唠叨：“老天爷爷，你怎么不睁眼，这雨没完没了地下，你还叫我们穷人活不活。”以上是某一文学作品中的片断，“奶奶”的话表达了中国传统文化中对“天”的敬重，这与中国古代哪一学派有关( )
A.道家学派 B.法家学派
C.儒家学派 D.墨学学派
解析 “天人合一”是汉代儒家大师董仲舒提出的重要学说，对“天”敬重是儒家思想的重要内容。
答案 C
11.汉武帝采纳董仲舒“罢黜百家，独尊儒术”的建议，在历史上产生的影响不包括( )
A.封建统治开始与儒学密切结合
B.思想上的统一巩固了政治上的统一
C.促进了民族思想文化的自由发展
D.儒家思想渗透到社会生活的各个方面
解析 “罢黜百家，独尊儒术”是一种文化____政策，不利于思想文化的自由发展，C项符合题意。
答案 C
12.天坛是明清时期皇帝祭天的地方，其建筑反映出天地之间的关系，还体现出帝王将相在这一关系中所起的独特作用。最早把天、地、人的关系上升到理论并被统治者所接受的儒家人物是( )
A.孔子 B.孟子
C.董仲舒 D.朱熹
解析 董仲舒提出“天人感应”“君权神授”思想将天、地、人联系在一起。这一理论被汉武帝所接受，并将董仲舒的新儒学奉为正统思想。
答案 C
二、非选择题
13.阅读下列材料，完成问题。
材料一 汉兴，接秦之敝，诸侯并起，民失作业而大饥馑。凡米石五千，人相食，死者过半。高祖乃令民得卖子，就食蜀、汉。天下既定，民亡盖藏，自天子不能具醇驷(同一颜色的四匹马)，而将相或乘牛车。
——《汉书·食货志》
材料二 当孝惠、高后时，百姓新免毒(hē)，人欲长幼养老，萧、曹为相，填之无为，从民之欲而不扰乱，是以衣食滋殖，刑罚用稀。
——《前汉书》
孝惠、吕后时，公卿皆武力有功之臣。孝文时颇征用，然孝文帝本好刑名之言，及至孝景，不任儒者，而窦太后又好黄老之术，故诸博士具官待问，未有进者。
——《史记》
材料三 至汉武帝之初七十年间，国家亡事，非遇水旱，则民人给家足。京师之钱累百巨万，贯朽而不可校。太仓之粟陈陈相因……众庶街巷有马，仟佰之间成群。
——《汉书·食货志》
材料四 天子受命于天，天下受命于天子……王者承天意以从事，与天同者，大治;与天异者，大乱。
——《春秋繁露》
(1)材料二中，汉初统治者采用了什么政策?其指导思想是什么?材料二与材料一之间的关系如何?
(2)材料二与材料三的关系如何?
(3)材料四宣扬的观点是什么?其实质是什么?材料四与材料三的关系如何?
解析 回答(1)问时要注意材料一中的凋敝景象是材料二中“休养生息”政策的原因。(2)问材料二中的政策使材料三中的现象能够出现。(3)问从材料中可以看出是“天人感应”思想。
答案 (1)休养生息政策。黄老学说。由于汉初经济凋敝，统治者被迫采取与民休息政策，二者之间是因果关系。
(2)由于从汉高祖到武帝即位前的七十年间，统治者信奉黄老之学，实行“无为而治”，百姓致力农耕，到汉武帝时出现了家给人足、国库充盈的局面。二者是因果关系。
(3)“天人感应”。君权神授。随着社会稳定，经济发展，汉武帝时，黄老之学已不适应现实需要。董仲舒改造儒家学说，提出了“天人感应”学说，宣扬君权神授，以适应加强中央集权的需要。二者之间是经济基础与上层建筑的关系。
14.阅读下列材料，完成问题。
——《论语·为政》
材料二 仲舒复对曰：“……春秋大一统者，天地之常经，古今之通谊也。今师异道，人异论，百家殊方，指意不同，是以上亡以持一统;法制数变，下不知所守。臣愚以为，诸不在六艺之科、孔子之术者，皆绝其道，勿使并进。邪辟之说灭息，然后统纪可一而法度可明，民知所从矣。”对既毕，天子以仲舒为江都相。
——《汉书·董仲舒传》
(1)据材料一、二，概括孔子和董仲舒的思想主张。
(2)结合所学知识指出两种主张在当时起到的作用及其原因。
(3)你认为董仲舒的主张对我国后世有什么影响?
解析 材料一阐述了孔子的“德治”思想;材料二反映了董仲舒要求禁绝其他学说，确立儒学独尊地位的主张。前者，不能适应当时的社会需要;后者，为当时统治者所亟需。分析历史事物的影响，一般都要注意两个方面。儒学独尊地位的确立对思想文化的发展有着积极和消极两方面的影响，回答问题时两个方面都要叙述。
答案 (1)孔子主张“以德治民”;董仲舒主张“罢黜百家，独尊儒术”，实行大一统。
(2)孔子的主张在当时不被重视，未产生实践效果。因为当时诸侯争霸、社会动荡，孔子的主张无法实施。
董仲舒的主张加强了中央集权，巩固了国家统一，使儒家思想获得“独尊”的地位。适应了____主义中央集权的需要，被汉武帝所采纳。
(3)使儒家思想成为我国的正统思想，统治中国长达2 000年之久，成为中华文明的主流思想，对中华民族共同心理的形成和中国历史的发展都作出了不可磨灭的贡献，影响极其深远。但是，它的负面作用在封建社会后期日益显露，故步自封，因循守旧，阻滞了学术思想的发展，阻碍了科技文明的进步，导致中国近代的落后。
