“驴凡”通过精心收集，向本站投稿了9篇雅思阅读如何应对生僻词，下面是小编整理后的雅思阅读如何应对生僻词，欢迎大家阅读借鉴，并有积极分享。
篇1：雅思阅读如何应对生僻词
雅思阅读 如何应对生僻词
举例1：Husband：it's really cold out tonight.Wife： Sure it is. My hands are practically numb.How about lighting the furnace?
根据生活经验，天气寒冷时，手肯定是“冻僵的，冻得麻木的”。
在猜测词义过程中，除了使用上面提到的一些雅思阅读技巧，参加雅思考试的学生还可以依靠构词方面的知识，从生词本身猜测词义。
1.根据复合词的各部分猜测词义例如：
Growing economic problems were highlighted by a slowdown in oil output.Hightlight或许是一个生词，但是分析该词结构后，就能推测出其含义。它是由high(高的，强的)和light(光线)两部分组成，合在一起便是“以强光照射，使突出”的意思。
Bullfight is very popular in Spain.Bull(公牛)和fight(打，搏斗)结合在一起，指一种在西班牙颇为流行的体育运动---斗牛。
“雅思阅读生僻词技巧”
2.根据前缀猜测词义例如：
He fell into a ditch and lay there， semiconscious， for a few minutes。根据词根conscious(清醒的，有意识的)，结合前缀semi(半，部分的，不完全的)，我们便可猜出semiconscious 词义“半清醒的，半昏迷的”。
I'm illiterate about such things。词根literate意为“有文化修养的，通晓的”，前缀il表示否定，因此illiterate指“一窍不通，不知道的”。
3.根据后缀猜测词义例如：
Insecticide is applied where it is needed。后缀cide表示“杀者，杀灭剂”，结合大家熟悉的词根insect(昆虫)，不难猜出insecticide意为“杀虫剂”。
语言环境对于记单词是一个非常重要的因素，只有通过一定的语言环境，去理解词的内涵，甚至是其表达方式的文化背景。雅思考试中如果遇到生僻词不要紧张重要的是你平时的积累以及掌握能力，任何一门知识只有真正被吸收了才是真正的获得。
雅思阅读长难句破jie方法：找出骨架 层层分析
在雅思阅读考试中，有些考生一看到长句子就很头疼。其实不管再长的句子，只要你能够找出骨架，层层分析，也没那么可怕。
英文中的基本句型是由主语、谓语和宾语构成的，也就是所谓的“核心意群”core meaning，突破长难句最有效的方法就是“拎出主谓宾，之后定状补”。
我们来看一个长难句：
Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greatly intellectual development.
这个句子看起来非常复杂，但不难辨认出整个句子的主语是Behaviorists (行为学者)，谓语是紧跟在后面的动词suggest， 宾语是一个较长的宾语从句。
在这个宾语从句中，不难发现主语就是the child，接着出现了三个代词———who. where 和 which，这些是非常明显的定语从句的关系代词，所以这里可以判断出连着出现了三个定语从句，一个套着一个，修饰了三个名词成分。而在这三个定语从句后面出现的唯一一个动词无疑就是整个宾语从句的谓语了，也就是will experience，当然后面接的development也就是宾语从句中的宾语了。
到这里，这个较长的由三个定语从句构成的宾语从句的意思已基本分析出来。
这里，提醒考生，平时备考时要多进行长难句的分析锻炼，克服对长难句的恐惧心理。
突破雅思阅读单词记忆的方法介绍
怎样提升一篇雅思阅读考试的成绩?词和句是非常重要的，如果整篇雅思阅读的句型和用词运用太过简单，或者太过单一的话，是不可能获得雅思阅读高分的，同学们在平时备考的过程中就要注意多积累不同的雅思阅读词汇和句，同时要灵活运用，这样才能在雅思阅读考试中才有可能获得高分。
雅思阅读单词记忆——单词准备单词卡片，循环背诵
一般IELTS阅读中涉及词汇量比较大，但考生具备4000左右即可应考。单词贫乏的考生，一定要及时补充词汇，打下扎实的基础。在考试时很容易遗忘或混淆单词的意义，为了避免类似情况发生，一定要加强单词意义的理解。对此，考生可以制作单词卡片，正反面各写英文和中文解释。制订计划每天背一定量的生词，循环背诵并不断补充。当然，最有效的是阅读文章时记忆单词。
雅思阅读单词记忆——句子参考上下文，分析主谓结构
在句子理解方面，考生最容易犯的错误就是根据自己已有经验片面理解。IELTS阅读中有的题目考的是对于文章中某一句子的理解，要参考上下文客观地看问题。考生应对一些复合句，尤其是双重否定句、比较句、指代句等有较深了解。特别在遇到复杂句时，应静心思考，从把握句子主干一一主谓结构着手来分析解剖句子结构。
雅思阅读单词记忆——阅读扫描全文，做出标记
雅思阅读追求速度(speed)与准确度(accuracy)的完美结合。快而不准或准而太慢都会影响考分。考生在勤奋练习的时候掌握一些阅读技巧将达到事半功倍的效果。快速阅读最关键的是在扫描全文的时候把握每段的主旨，并做出标记，在看完全文后对文章的结构主题有大致的了解。此外，考生以单词为单位看文章，遇生词就停顿等坏习惯都要极力避免。
总之，考生平时多看、多读、多听、多说、多写，多接触英文(much exposure to English)再运用一些阅读技巧，拿下雅思阅读并非一件难事。以上就是天道小编整理的雅思阅读考试的词汇句型技巧，很多句子在实际考试中都可以灵活的运用，同学们在备考雅思阅读句型的过程中要学会避免重复使用某一个句型或者词汇，只有这样才可能获得高分。
雅思阅读填空题的解题步骤讲解
一、仔细阅读指令
填空题的指令 (Instruction) 往往包括以下几个部分：
1、题目所在文章中的范围
只有极个别题目会直接说明问题所在段落，另有部分题目是通过内容提要的方式，透露文章的内容，以方便考生到相应的段落 去找寻答案。而更多的题目是没有这部分的提示的。
例如，剑 4 Test 3 Passage 3 的 Summary 的指令：
Complete the summary of paragraph G below.
大量的课堂实例表明，如果不进行特别提示，很多考生将忽略了这一重要信息，往往倾向于从文章的一开始去找答案，结果根 本找不到答案所在位置。
再比如，剑 5 Test 2 Passage 2 的 Diagram labelling 的指令：
The diagram below shows the areas of the brain activated by jokes.
命题者虽然对于该题所在段落只字未提，但是却通过了告知题目的大意暗示了所在范围，考生只需要通过 Skim 的方式对每段 的首句进行阅读，便很容易定位出该题应出自第 44 页的第二段。
2、字数限制
读指令的时候，要特别留意以上两点，这样可以避免对文章的盲目的阅读和答案的误写。
二、精读题目，划出定位词
从出题特点中，我们已经了解，填空题都是对原文的一句话或者几句话进行的同义改写。但是这样的改写，并不是对原文彻底 的替换，一些词仍然会保留它的原形，因此这种词可以帮助我们到原文中寻找题目所在的原句，因此被称为 “ 定位词 ” 。 定位词一般是名词，包括专有名词、大写字母缩写、数字、斜体字等。
但并不是每道题目都有明确的定位词，个别题目的定位词很不明显。在这种情况下，考生应当先做临近的题目，再根据顺序原则进行顺推或逆推，把相关的句子找出来。
三、确定所填词的词性
对所填词的词性进行预判断，有助于提高考生对正确答案的敏感性，帮助考生精确锁定答案，个别词性的判断甚至能直接帮助 我们找到答案。比较极端的例子便是不定冠词 a 和 an 。如果空格前面有冠词 a 或 an，往往意味着空格应当填一个可数名 词的单数形式，而不定冠词极难被同义转换，因此原文中的词很可能也是带有 a/ an 的。
我们以剑 5 Test 1 Q7 为例，来看一下这种定位方法的便利性：
Q: As a reward for his hard work, he was granted a 7________ by the king.
从题目中我们马上就能判断，空格应当填一个可数名词的单数形式，且前面有 a 。这道题目唯一的定位词便是 king 。由于 第 6 题的答案在倒数第二段最后一句话，那么根据顺序原则，这道题目唯一的可能性便在最后一段。放眼望去，最后一段只 有一个 a ，即最后一句话 … were able to prevail upon King George III to offer him a pension 。这里唯一的可能便 是 pension 这个词了。
当然，在答案填完之后也要把文章再和题目对照阅读一下是否存在同义转换关系，否则在个别情况下就有可能做错，比如剑 4 Test 3 的 Q38 ，原文中的句子有两个 a ，但只有后面一个 a 与题目出现同义转换关系，故答案只能填第二个 a 后面的内 容 , 即 particular linguistic feature 。
四、识别语间关系
语间关系，即所填词与题目中其它词之间的关系。掌握了语间关系，有助于我们借助其它的词找到应填的词，而不被其它干扰 项所干扰。在雅思考试中，常见的语间关系有：
1、等义关系
等义关系就是所填词等价于句子中的其它词，即所填词是原词的一种同义转换。常见的等义关系的结构有： A, B (同位语) ，如果所需填的词是 B ，那么只要借助 A ，就能把词找到。
我们以剑 5 Test 2 流程图 Q4 为例，来看一下等义关系的妙用。
Q: stage one resin, called 4________.
很显然，这道题目是一个等义关系。定位词应当是 resin 。结果在全文的第五段第三行定位到原句： the result was a resin known as Novalak,…。根据 known as 这个等义结构，很容易得出这道题目的答案 Novalak.
2、上下义关系
上下义关系是语言学上的术语，在雅思阅读里把它可以简单地理解为一种举例关系。常见的表示上下义关系的结构有： A, such as B; A, for example, B; A, like B 等。其中， A 为上义词， B 为下义词。只要在题目中定位出上义词或下义词， 便可借助举例信号词来把答案找出来。我们以剑 5 Test 2 流程图 Q5 为例：
Q: _________________
(e.g. cotton, asbestos)
显然，这里需要的是 cotton 和 asbestos 这两个下义词所对应的上义词。我们定位到原为第五段的第六行，往前找到举例信 号词 such as ，答案自然就是举例信号词前面的上义词 fillers 了。
3、并列关系
并列关系是填空类题目出得最多的语间关系。常见的并列关系结构有： A and B, A or B, A as well as B, not only A but (also) B 等等。只要找到其中一个定位词，另外一个自然就是与其并列的词了。
我们以剑 4 Test 1 表格题 Q19 为例：
Q: exceptional in 19____________ and good in air-water interface
首先，空格处应填一个名词。因为前面都有介词 in ，再根据 and 并列规则，知道前后意思应该相当，所填的词与 air- water interface (水与空气的交界面)应该形成并列关系，即一个表示地点的词。回到原文找到第 24 页第 2 段第 6-7 行 ： it can apparently see fairly well through the air-water interface as well. 原文有一个很明显的并列词 as well ，意味着前面应当有一个并列成分。然后往前看一句，就找到了原句 The bottlenose dolphin has extremely keen vision in water. 这里 water 正好在 in 后面，又正好表示一个地点，完全符合我们的要求，故选出答案。
除了以上三种语间关系之外，雅思阅读里还出现过从属关系、因果关系等多种语间关系，限于篇幅，不能在这里一一赘述了。
五、誊写答案
这是最后的一步，但这一步很重要，一旦答案填写失误，就会导致前功尽弃。誊写答案时，应当遵循以下原则：
1、在字数允许的情况下，尽可能把相关的词填进去，但是特别注意，如果题目中已经包含了该词的相关意思，则不能填。
2、修饰性的词填可以省略，但限定性的词不能省略。
例1原文： Desert annuals germinate, flower and seed whenever suitable rainfall occurs.
问题： Desert annuals respond to 38_________ as a signal for reproduction.( 剑 5 Test 4 Q38 ，句子填空)
这道题目可以填 suitable rainfall ，也可以填 rainfall, 因为 suitable 是一个修饰性的成分。
例2原文： Although at least some cetaceans have taste buds, the nerves serving these have degenerated or are rudimentary.
问题：nerves linked to their 15 ________ are underdeveloped. (剑 4 Test 1 Q15 ，表格题)
很多同学填了 buds ，但是这个词单独使用表示 “ 花蕾 ” 的意思，与 taste buds 相差甚远。所以这里的 taste 是一个 限定性的成分，不能省略。
篇2：雅思阅读如何应对生僻词
雅思阅读如何应对生僻词
举例1：Husband：it's really cold out tonight.Wife： Sure it is. My hands are practically numb.How about lighting the furnace?
根据生活经验，天气寒冷时，手肯定是“冻僵的，冻得麻木的”。
在猜测词义过程中，除了使用上面提到的一些雅思阅读技巧，参加雅思考试的学生还可以依靠构词方面的知识，从生词本身猜测词义。
1.根据复合词的各部分猜测词义例如：
Growing economic problems were highlighted by a slowdown in oil output.Hightlight或许是一个生词，但是分析该词结构后，就能推测出其含义。它是由high(高的，强的)和light(光线)两部分组成，合在一起便是“以强光照射，使突出”的意思。
Bullfight is very popular in Spain.Bull(公牛)和fight(打，搏斗)结合在一起，指一种在西班牙颇为流行的体育运动---斗牛。
“雅思阅读生僻词技巧”
2.根据前缀猜测词义例如：
He fell into a ditch and lay there， semiconscious， for a few minutes。根据词根conscious(清醒的，有意识的)，结合前缀semi(半，部分的，不完全的)，我们便可猜出semiconscious 词义“半清醒的，半昏迷的”。
I'm illiterate about such things。词根literate意为“有文化修养的，通晓的”，前缀il表示否定，因此illiterate指“一窍不通，不知道的”。
3.根据后缀猜测词义例如：
Insecticide is applied where it is needed。后缀cide表示“杀者，杀灭剂”，结合大家熟悉的词根insect(昆虫)，不难猜出insecticide意为“杀虫剂”。
语言环境对于记单词是一个非常重要的因素，只有通过一定的语言环境，去理解词的内涵，甚至是其表达方式的文化背景。雅思考试中如果遇到生僻词不要紧张重要的是你平时的积累以及掌握能力，任何一门知识只有真正被吸收了才是真正的获得。
雅思阅读材料：韩国平均每天有40人自杀!
South Korea has appointed a team of people to scan the internet for suicide-related material as part of a move to cut suicide rates.
The 100-strong group of watchdogs is made up of a cross-section of society, including students, housewives and mental health specialists.
South Korea has one of the highest suicide rates in the world, with 40 people taking their own lives each day.
The government says a rise in harmful web material is a contributing factor.
The watchdogs will monitor blogs and social media sites for any material that helps or encourages people to plan their own deaths.
It is thought young people often trawl the internet for companions with whom to make pacts.
A Seoul city government spokesman told the South Korean news agency Yonhap that suicide “is no longer an individual problem but rather a social issue that we must all take part in to resolve”.
There are five times as many suicides in South Korea as there were a generation ago, according to the government.
Many blame the rise on the country's high-pressure education system, as many of those who commit suicide are students, says the BBC's Lucy Williamson in Seoul.
Others believe the rise is a result of the country's rapid economic growth, which has led to some of the longest working hours in the developed world, she says.
Over the last year, various schemes have been introduced to try to reduce the figures.
Phones linked to emergency helplines have been installed on Seoul's major bridges, and a team of rescue workers patrol the Han River.
韩国已指派一组人员在网络中搜查与自杀相关的材料，这是为降低自杀率而采取的行动之一。
这个由100人组成的监察小组来自社会各界，包括学生、家庭主妇和心理健康专家。
韩国是全世界自杀率的国家之一，平均每天有40人自杀。
韩国政府认为，网络有害内容增多导致了自杀率的上升。
监察小组将监视博客和社交网站，搜寻那些帮助或鼓励人们策划自杀的内容。
据认为，年轻人经常在网上寻找同伴相约一起自杀。
首尔市政府的一名发言人告诉韩国联合通讯社说，自杀“不再是一种个人问题，而成了我们都必须参与进来共同解决的社会问题”。
根据政府数据，韩国现在的自杀率是二三十年前的五倍。
住在首尔的英国广播公司的露西?威廉森说，许多人将自杀率上升归咎于韩国高压的教育制度，因为许多自杀者都是学生。
她说，还有许多人认为自杀率上升是韩国经济快速增长的结果，经济发展导致韩国成为发达国家中工作时间最长的国家之一。
去年韩国推行了各种方案，以试图减少自杀人数。
首尔主要的大桥上都安装了紧急呼救电话，汉江上也有一队救援人员在巡逻。
雅思阅读材料：上厕所不要太“努力”
A woman in Canada called the emergency services after mistaking her neighbor’s noisy toilet efforts for a violent disturbance.
加拿大的一名女子误将邻居上厕所时因“努力”方便而发出的噪音当成了一场暴力袭击事件，并打电话向紧急援助中心求助。
The woman was worried her neighbour was in trouble after hearing loud yelling and shouting at 5am.
这名女子在早上五点的时候听到邻居大声喊叫，因此担心她的邻居惹上了麻烦。
Police officers rushed to the scene and found the man had only been on the toilet.
警方很快赶到了现场，却发现邻居的男子只不过是在上厕所罢了。
The officers asked him to keep the noise down for his future endeavors.
警方建议这名男子在今后上厕所“努力”方便时尽量将音量降低。
篇3：雅思阅读遇到生僻词怎么办
举例1：Husband：it's really cold out tonight.Wife： Sure it is. My hands are practically numb.How about lighting the furnace?
根据生活经验，天气寒冷时，手肯定是“冻僵的，冻得麻木的”。
在猜测词义过程中，除了使用上面提到的一些雅思阅读技巧，参加雅思考试的学生还可以依靠构词方面的知识，从生词本身猜测词义。
1.根据复合词的各部分猜测词义例如：
Growing economic problems were highlighted by a slowdown in oil output.Hightlight或许是一个生词，但是分析该词结构后，就能推测出其含义。它是由high(高的，强的)和light(光线)两部分组成，合在一起便是“以强光照射，使突出”的意思。
Bullfight is very popular in Spain.Bull(公牛)和fight(打，搏斗)结合在一起，指一种在西班牙颇为流行的体育运动---斗牛。
篇4：雅思阅读遇到生僻词怎么办
2.根据前缀猜测词义例如：
He fell into a ditch and lay there， semiconscious， for a few minutes。根据词根conscious(清醒的，有意识的)，结合前缀semi(半，部分的，不完全的)，我们便可猜出semiconscious 词义“半清醒的，半昏迷的”。
I'm illiterate about such things。词根literate意为“有文化修养的，通晓的”，前缀il表示否定，因此illiterate指“一窍不通，不知道的”。
3.根据后缀猜测词义例如：
Insecticide is applied where it is needed。后缀cide表示“杀者，杀灭剂”，结合大家熟悉的词根insect(昆虫)，不难猜出insecticide意为“杀虫剂”。
语言环境对于记单词是一个非常重要的因素，只有通过一定的语言环境，去理解词的内涵，甚至是其表达方式的文化背景。雅思考试中如果遇到生僻词不要紧张重要的是你平时的积累以及掌握能力，任何一门知识只有真正被吸收了才是真正的获得。
雅思阅读材料：什么东东决定着你的印象分
When a person meets you for the first time they ask themselves two questions. The answers to these two questions will have all sorts of knock-on effects for how they think about you and how they behave towards you。
当别人与你次见面，他们都会问自己两个问题。这两个问题所得出答案决定了他们对你的看法和行动。
Professor Susan Fiske of Princeton University has shown that all social judgements can be boiled down to these two dimensions:
普林斯顿大学教授苏珊·菲斯克通过研究各种社会性判断，得出这些判断都能被总结成以下两个问题：
1.How warm is this person?
这个人有多热情?
The idea of warmth includes things like trustworthiness, friendliness, helpfulness, sociability and so on. Initial warmth judgements are made within a few seconds of meeting you。
热情的定义包括可信度、友好度、有益性、社交性等等。这种最初的热情与否的判断在你与他人见面后几秒钟内就能得到答案。
2.How competent is this person?
这个人有没有能力?
Competency judgements take longer to form and include things like intelligence, creativity, perceived ability and so on。
能力的判断需要花更长的时间来得出，能力包括了智力、创造力和领悟力等等。
Susan Fiske's research has looked at different cultures, times and types of social judgements, but these two concepts come up again and again in slightly different guises. Not only do we make these judgements about other people, but we frame their behaviour using these two questions。
苏珊·菲斯克教授的研究涵盖了不同的文化、不同的时代和不同类型的社会性判断，即使有细微差别，但是这两个问题一再地在研究中出现。我们不但通过这两个问题来判断别人，而且会做出相应的行为动作。
The primacy of warmth and competence may reflect evolved, instinctual reactions to these two questions about others:
关于热情和能力的最基本的判断会让我们做出直觉的反应，从而引申出下面的两个问题：
1.Friend or foe? Is this person going to hurt me or help me?
是敌是友?这个人是来害我的还是来助我的?
2.Capable of hurting or helping? Can this person help me if they're friendly or hurt me if they're not?
能不能害我/帮我?如果来人是友好的，能不能帮我?如果来者不善，会不会害我?
How warm and competent do other people find you? You probably know quite well how other people view you。
别人是如何看待你的?有多热情?有多少能力?答案你可能知道得很清楚。
雅思阅读材料：英国公交司机叫乘客“亲”面临被开
A bus company is warning drivers to not call passengers `babe` in a bid to avoid lawsuits from offended women.
英国一家公交公司提醒司机，不要称呼乘客“亲”，以防认为受辱的女性起诉。
Brighton & Hove Buses posted warnings to drivers in its head offices after a complaint from a woman who said she felt insulted by being called `babe` when she boarded a bus。
布赖顿和霍夫公交公司总部近日贴出了这则警告通知。事情的起因是公司接到一名女乘客投诉，称某次上车时，司机称呼她“亲”，她当时感觉受到了侮辱。
The company also warned drivers they could face the sack if they call passengers `love` or `darling`。
该公司还警告司机，如果对女乘客使用“亲”这类词汇，司机将面临被炒鱿鱼的风险。
One employee, who did not want to be named, said: `It`s just the height of political correctness. The drivers know how to best speak to customers。
一名不愿意透露姓名的司机说：“这样做实在是‘过头了’。司机们知道该怎么称呼乘客。”
`People don`t want their drivers to be robots. What is the world coming to when you can`t have a bit of friendly banter with passengers?`
“人们不会希望司机都像机器人一样。如果和乘客之间不能说笑，世界将会变得多么冷冰冰啊。”
The sign reads: `Please can drivers be aware that some of our customers may take offence at having terms such as “love”, “darling” and “babe” directed towards them。
通知写道：“请司机注意，有些乘客认为被直呼‘亲爱的’、‘宝贝’、‘亲’是受到了侮辱。”
`This can be seen by some as being a sexist comment, as a recent complaint has highlighted.`
“这对有些人来说有性意味，就像最近的一起投诉提到的那样。”
Managing director Roger French said: `A lady complained to us that she thought the language used by a driver was demeaning to her。
总经理罗杰·弗兰齐说：“有位女士向我们投诉，她认为司机使用这样的语言对她是种侮辱。”
`We take a lot of customer feedback so we thought we would pass this on. The drivers will understand and take it in good spirit.`
“我们接到了很多顾客反馈，所以我们觉得应该这样做。司机们会理解，并且愉快地接受。”
篇5：雅思阅读考试遇到生僻词怎么办
雅思阅读考试 遇到生僻词怎么办
举例1：Husband：it's really cold out tonight.Wife： Sure it is. My hands are practically numb.How about lighting the furnace?
根据生活经验，天气寒冷时，手肯定是“冻僵的，冻得麻木的”。
在猜测词义过程中，除了使用上面提到的一些雅思阅读技巧，参加雅思考试的学生还可以依靠构词方面的知识，从生词本身猜测词义。
1.根据复合词的各部分猜测词义例如：
Growing economic problems were highlighted by a slowdown in oil output.Hightlight或许是一个生词，但是分析该词结构后，就能推测出其含义。它是由high(高的，强的)和light(光线)两部分组成，合在一起便是“以强光照射，使突出”的意思。
Bullfight is very popular in Spain.Bull(公牛)和fight(打，搏斗)结合在一起，指一种在西班牙颇为流行的体育运动---斗牛。
“雅思阅读生僻词技巧”
2.根据前缀猜测词义例如：
He fell into a ditch and lay there， semiconscious， for a few minutes。根据词根conscious(清醒的，有意识的)，结合前缀semi(半，部分的，不完全的)，我们便可猜出semiconscious 词义“半清醒的，半昏迷的”。
I'm illiterate about such things。词根literate意为“有文化修养的，通晓的”，前缀il表示否定，因此illiterate指“一窍不通，不知道的”。
3.根据后缀猜测词义例如：
Insecticide is applied where it is needed。后缀cide表示“杀者，杀灭剂”，结合大家熟悉的词根insect(昆虫)，不难猜出insecticide意为“杀虫剂”。
语言环境对于记单词是一个非常重要的因素，只有通过一定的语言环境，去理解词的内涵，甚至是其表达方式的文化背景。雅思考试中如果遇到生僻词不要紧张重要的是你平时的积累以及掌握能力，任何一门知识只有真正被吸收了才是真正的获得。
备考雅思阅读的关键介绍
众所周知，雅思阅读考试时间比较紧张，所以时间的把握是相当重要的，那么除了时间之外，备考雅思阅读的关键是什么呢?下面就跟着小编一起来了解下吧。
首先，考生们了解雅思阅读的一定知道雅思时间很紧张，因此在雅思阅读考试中药严格控制时间，特别是英文阅读水平相对一般的学生来说，可以称得上是至关重要的。即便以英语作为母语的人都可能在雅思考试规定的时间内完全理解所有单词，所以不要想着看懂一篇文章中的每个内容，一定要控制好时间。雅思阅读学习是比较难的，雅思阅读材料的积累同样很重要。大家需要重视一下。
其次，速度的练习需要考生在平时提高雅思阅读速度的意识，这就需要考生有计划的进行雅思阅读的规模练习。在雅思的考生中其实有一大部分考生都是已经离开学校一些年，或者已经有一段时间没有系统持续的英语学习的。
最后，考生要活学活用，懂得阅读“例句”来答题，懂得运用语法知识核对答案。答案中，无论是单词、短语或句子，都要符合语法。运用语法知识，可以查出答案是否正确。这对图表填空、简答题、填空题和完成句子这几种题型会很有帮助。
雅思阅读答题效率低的原因解读
首先，当然是词汇。任何一篇内容相对复杂的阅读文章，都不可避免地出现大量生僻词语或者是难度相对较大的单词。从文章的选材而言，范围是十分丰富的，主要来自世界各国主要的英文报刊杂志，内容涉及任何一个国家的文化、经济、自然和科技等。而IELTS考试所考查的，是实际运用语言的能力，所以在考试中真正需要理解的单词，或是题目中真正考查到的单词，往往是英语阅读中的一些最核心的单词。这些单词虽然数量不多，难度不大，但却是必须掌握的。就考试而言，掌握6000左右的常用词汇，即大学六级大纲中所要求的词汇是必须的。
第二，复杂的句型结构。有些同学的词汇量已经达到了6000左右，但是依然感觉读不懂文章，这就是因为文章中充斥着大量结构复杂难以把握的复杂句。如：The challenge now is to develop policies and practices based on a presumption of shared responsibility between men and women, and a presumption that there are potential benefits for men and women, as well as for families and the community, if there is greater gender equality in the responsibilities and pleasures of family life. 这是一个相对复杂的句子，主干是the challenge now is to develop policies and practices, 从based on到句子的结尾处是由过去分词短语充当的状语。后一个presumption后面有一个由that引导的从句，充当presumption的同位语。在同位语的后面，有一个if 引导的条件状语从句。一般而言，对同学们造成障碍的是并列句或并列复合句，倒装结构，所以在训练时可以精挑一个语段做仔细分析。建议大家最好在备考中将雅思阅读题型分类，多了解一下雅思常识。
第三，题型多样化。这个障碍使原本已经拥有相当英语语言实力的考生，在考试中因为缺乏对题型的理解，或是被众多题型干扰，不能正常发挥。一些必考题型如list of headings, summary, T/F/NG等，可以作为练习重点。如summary题是很多同学感到头痛的题型，普遍感到非常难找。其实不然，只要记住两大原则即可。原则一，顺序原则。summary题的答案排列顺序，必定与文章的行文顺序一致。原则二，完整的summary，不仅应该能够体现文章本身所表达的思想含义，而且必须是符合语法规律的英语文章。所以根据语法也可以进行判断。
在准备考试的过程中，除了要做IELTS考题之外，还要进行泛读和快速阅读。泛读可以选择一些英美主流媒体的文章，在网站上可以找到，目的是熟悉单词和句型。快速阅读就是用扫描文章的方法对其结构有大致的了解，并把握其主旨。同时，在重点句子和词汇上做出标记。这种方法对阅读考试帮助极大，平时可多加练习。另外，为了提高阅读的速度还要养成良好的阅读习惯，不能边看边用嘴跟着读，眼、嘴并用必会降低阅读速度;一旦发现生词(这种情况绝大多数同学都肯定要遇到)，先不要紧张，要通过英语构词法(前缀、词根和后缀)来分析推测词义，或结合上下文、前后词语去猜测，如果根据上下文及前后词语还是无法确切了解其真正含义，可以再看一下这个词对整个句子所构成的影响是肯定的，还是否定的，实际上这对你理解作者的意图已足够了，实在不行就做上记号，将来看一看是否影响答题，如无影响就坚决忽略。
雅思阅读障碍分析详解
雅思阅读障碍(1) 单词
IELTS普通培训类阅读文章中涉及词汇7000左右，但具备4000左右(即大学英语四级水平)即可应考。单词量不够的考生，应在短期内迅速扩充认知词汇，为看文章做题打下一个良好的基础。
有些考生脱离语境孤立地背单词，这样容易遗忘或混淆单词的意义。如有考生考试时遇到contribution(设计;设法做到)想不起来什么意思，只记得在词汇表里该单词位于contribution(贡献)之后、controversial(有争议的)之前。要解决这个问题，考生可以通过制作单词卡片，正面写英文拼写，背面写中文释义的方法来记忆。每天背一定量的生词，并不断补充，而且还可以打乱次序。当然，最有效的是在上下文，即文章当中记忆单词。
雅思阅读障碍(2) 句子
IELTS阅读中有的题目考的是对于文章中某一句子的理解，若考生领会有偏差，就容易失分。考生应对一些复合句，尤其是双重否定句、比较句、指代句等有一定的了解。在遇到比较复杂的句子的时候，应静下心来，从把握句子主干一一主谓结构着手来分析句子结构。
雅思阅读障碍(3)速度
几乎任何阅读考试均同时考查阅读速度(speed)与理解精确度(accuracy)。IELTS普通培训类阅读考试要求考生在60分钟的时间里迅速而准确地答题。为赶时间而一味求快或为追求准确而放弃一些题的做法都是不可取的。总的来说，阅读速度的改善不容易一蹴而就，需要大量的练习和长时间的努力。不过，掌握一些阅读技巧，革除一些坏习惯，将有助于看文章时加快速度。
快速阅读最关键的是在扫描文章的时候把握段落的主旨，并做出标记，并且在看完文章后对文章的结构有大致的了解。至于阅读的坏习惯，约有以下几种 ① 边看边读 有的同学由于以前学英语课文的时候有朗读的习惯，碰到英语文章，总是情不自禁地读出声来，或是口里念念有词。这样做的后果，必然是阅读速度降低。解决问题的关键是，一定要树立“看”文章而不是“读”文章的心态。 ② 一次只看一个单词 有的同学是逐词逐词地看，一眼只看一个单词，这样做，不仅速度慢， 而且可能会出现这样一种情形：每个单词都认识，但整句话就是理解不了。克服上述逐词阅读坏习惯的方法是争取眼睛在文章中移动的速度逐步加快，一次看一个意群(sense unit)，而不是只看一个单词。意群的划分如例所示：It is possible to use this iron in a vertical position so that you can remove creases from clothes on coat hangers or from curtains. ③ 遇生词则停顿习惯于在做题的时候先把所有生词查出来的考生，在实战时容易出现碰到生词就停下来思索很长时间以致于打断阅读连贯性的情况。考生应该平时养成根据上下文猜测单词含义的习惯，而对于那些不影响理解的生词，则可以忽略不计。
雅思阅读障碍(4) 不根据文章内容而是按自己的臆测做题
IELTS阅读考查的是考生对于所考文章理解，而不是考生的知识面或是对于某个问题的见解。切忌不依照文章内容判断而凭生活常识或个人感觉来答题，在做TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN题的时候尤其要注意这一点。
篇6：雅思阅读考点词
雅思判断题的考点大致可以分为四类：
第一类：比较考点。
也就是考查单个事物或者多个事物就某一方面特性的比较。
通常来说特征词有如下一些：横向比较：better similar another the other relative most;纵向比较：future next second latter。对于这类考点，考点词就是比较部分的关键词。例如：10-1-3 39.It is easier for smaller companies to be innovative.
很显然，按照我们刚才定位词的原则来看，smaller companies应该是这句话实际的主语，因此我们可以用它来做定位词。至于考点词，因为此句刚好是比较考点，因此考点词就是easier。
第二类：数字考点。
顾名思义，只要是题干出现的数字、百分比、年份、时间区间等等，我们都可以称之为数字考点。
数字考点考察的内容，通常来说就两类，第一，数字的准确性;第二，百分比后的主题，或者说范围的准确性。例如：
10-1-2 25. The Gothenburg European Council was set up 30 years ago.
定位词：Gothenburg European Council
考点词：30 years ago
第三类：绝.对考点。
标志词：any never always impossible immediately most every none all fully correctly absolutely等。
只要出现了绝.对的副词、形容词，那么我们的关注重点就应该是此类词语在原文原句中有没有相应的表达。
仍然以10-1-1 Examples of ancient stepwells can be found all over the world.
刚才我们已经判断出定位词是ancient stepwells, 而考点词现在来看就非常清楚了，就是all。
第四类：是非考点。
此类考点多半是陈述句，没有比较级的词语，没有数字，也没有绝.对的形容词或者副词。这类考点反而是雅思考试中占比重比较大的一类考点。因为变化或者考察的点比较分散，所以在这里不展开来讲。通常来说，是非考点的陈述句谓语部分是考点。
例如，10-2-3 37. The approach of art historians conflicts with that of art museums.
记住：主语是定位词，谓语是考点词。这样的话：art historians 就是定位词，而conflict 就是考点词了。 如果文章说到冲突就对，说到一致就是错。
雅思阅读材料大集合：美国人整形为了自拍?
Plastic surgeons say they're seeing more patients who want facial surgery, and they attribute the rise to social media and the growing “selfie” trend.
据CNET报道，整形外科医务人员表示现在越来越多的病人想要进行面部整形，他们认为之所以会出现这种现象，是因为受到当下社交媒体和愈演愈烈的全民自拍风潮的影响。
In response to a survey conducted by the American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, one in three plastic surgeons reported seeing an increase in requests for facial procedures by patients who wanted to look better online. The doctors reported that between and , they saw a 10 percent rise in nose jobs, a 7 percent rise in hair transplants, and a 6 percent rise in eyelid surgery.
据美国科学院外科整形和再造外科学会发表的报道：接受采访的整形外科医院中，有三分之一的整形医师认为，越来越多的人想要进行整形手术，因为这些人都想在网络上看起来更美丽更英俊。医生表示，2012至间，隆鼻顾客多出10%，头发移植多出7%，双眼皮手术多出6%。
“Social platforms like Instagram, Snapchat, and the iPhone app Selfie.im, which are solely image based, force patients to hold a microscope up to their own image and often look at it with a more self-critical eye than ever before,” Dr. Edward Farrior, president of the academy, said in a news release. “These images are often the first impressions young people put out there to prospective friends, romantic interests, and employers, and our patients want to put their best face forward.”
“Instagram, Snapchat，还有iPhone应用Selfie.im等社交平台，均为图片社交，人们被迫仔细端摩自己的照片，用前所未有的自我批判视角对自己进行审视，”该学会主席爱德华?法里奥博士说道。“年轻人在网络上发布这些照片是为了结识新朋友，寻找艳遇，同事也能看到，所以前来整容的顾客都希望自己可以更上相。”
In part because of social media, surgeons reported that plastic-surgery patients are getting younger.
据报道，整形外科手术顾客呈低龄化趋势，而这或多或少和社交媒体都有些关系。
The annual poll queries a select group of the organization's 2,700 members to get a sense of the latest trends in facial plastic surgery. This year, 58 percent of the doctors surveyed said they saw an increase in patients under 30 coming in for plastic surgery and injections in the last year.
这项年度调查询问了这个学会的2700名成员，询问他们对于近来面部整容手术风潮的相关看法。今年有58%的医生表示，去年一年，越来越多的三十岁以下年轻女性前来接受面部整形手术和面部注射整容。
The study found that bullying is also a factor in young people deciding to get surgery, “but most surgeons surveyed report children and teens are undergoing plastic surgery as a result of being bullied (69 percent) rather than to prevent being bullied (31 percent).”
研究发现，受到欺侮也是年轻人决定整容的一个原因，“医患调查结果表明：青少年儿童整容病例中，69%是受到欺凌的结果，预防欺凌占31%。”
Women are still plastic surgery's primary customers, accounting for 81 percent of all procedures and injections, but men are increasingly becoming more interested in plastic surgery. Whereas women more often ask for facelifts and eye lifts, men are more interested in keeping their hair and combating wrinkles.
当今，女性仍为整容手术的主要消费群体，在所有疗程、注射等整容项目中占有81%，但男性对整容也越发感兴趣了。女性整容项目通常为拉皮，割双眼皮，而男性整容项目通常是生发和抗皱。
Meanwhile, in the under-35 category, the nose job remained the most popular elective surgical procedure for both genders, accounting for 90 percent of procedures in women and 86 percent in men.
与此同时，35岁以下的整容者不论男女都很中意美鼻，此项目占女性整容病例的90%，男性整容病例的86%。
Have your selfies ever made you feel self-conscious about the way you look?
你的自拍照是否曾经也让你对自己的容貌有所思考呢?
雅思阅读材料大集合：EQ高也是一把双刃剑
如同其他能力一样，情商也是一把双刃剑，既能作为成功的垫脚石，又能成为危害他人和社会的利器。下面就和我们一同来揭开高情商的阴暗面。
Emotional intelligence, or EQ, is the ability to read and understand emotions in ourselves and others. It is said that emotional intelligence accounts for 80 percent of one’s success.
情商也称EQ，是一种读懂自身和他人情绪的能力。据说一个人的成功80%取决于情商的高低。
That’s almost certainly an exaggeration. But ever since the 1995 publication of US psychologist and science writer Daniel Goleman’s best-seller, Emotional Intelligence: Why It Can Matter More Than IQ, EQ has been seen by leaders and educators as the solution to many social problems. In some Western countries such as the US, emotional intelligence is now taught widely in secondary, business and medical schools.
这一说法虽然略显夸张。但是自从1995年美国心理学家兼科学作家丹尼尔?戈尔曼的畅销书《情商:它为什么比智商更重要》出版以来，很多领导者和教育家都将情商视为解决诸多社会问题的关键。如今，在美国等西方国家，在中学、商学院和医学院中情商教学随处可见。
Anti-social behavior
反社会行为
EQ is important. But our enthusiasm for it has obscured a dark side, says a recent article in The Atlantic.
美国《大西洋月刊》近日刊登文章称，情商固然重要，但是人们的趋之若鹜却掩盖了它的黑暗面。
Weapon of mass emotion
操纵大众情绪的武器
Recent research and studies show that as people improve their emotional skills, they become better at manipulating others. When someone knows what others are feeling, they can tug at their heartstrings and motivate them to act against their own best interests.
最新研究表明，随着人们情商能力的提高，他们会更擅长操纵他人。当一个人能了解别人的感受时，他就可以撩动他们的心弦，促使他们做出违背自身最大利益的行为。
Does this remind you of those “managers” at pyramid scheme companies? Hundreds of thousands of otherwise cautious and rational people have been brainwashed by their impassioned speeches and become bankrupt as a result.
这是否会令你联想到那些非法传销公司的“经理”们?无数处事理智而谨慎的人被他们激情澎湃的演讲洗脑，最后却落得个倾家荡产的下场。
Social scientists have begun to document this dark side of emotional intelligence. A study by the University of Cambridge found that when a leader gave an inspiring speech filled with emotion, the audience was less likely to scrutinize the message and remembered less of the content.
社会科学家已经开始研究情商的黑暗面。剑桥大学一项研究发现，当一名领导人充满激情地演讲时，听众不会太注意其传达的信息，并且记住的内容也很少。
Researchers call this the “awestruck effect”, but it may just as easily be described as the dumbstruck effect, says The Atlantic article. Leaders who master emotions can rob us of our capacity to reason. If they have self-serving motives, or their values are out of step with our own, emotional intelligence becomes a weapon of manipulation and the results can be devastating.
据《大西洋月刊》报道，研咳嗽苯涑莆熬次沸вΑ保埠苋菀妆幻枋龀伞熬判вΑ薄I朴谡瓶厍樾鞯牧斓颊呋崛梦颐巧ナП姹鹗欠堑哪芰Α5彼遣彼嚼亩蛘咚堑募壑倒塾胛颐堑牟缓吓氖保樯叹突岜涑刹倏厮饲樾鞯奈淦鳎浜蠊豢吧柘搿
Hidden agenda
隐藏的动机
This is consistent with another recent study from Kyoto University. According to The Huffington Post, the study shows that “people with high interpersonal EQ influence others’ emotions based on their own goals”.
该观点与日本京都大学的一项研究成果不谋而合。据《赫芬顿邮报》报道，该研究表明：“高情商者会根据自己的目标去干扰他人情绪”。
A research team led by University College London professor Martin Kilduff shed more light on this dark side of emotional intelligence. According to them, emotional intelligence helps people disguise one set of emotions while expressing another for personal gain. Emotionally intelligent people “intentionally shape their emotions to fabricate favorable impressions of themselves”, Kilduff’s team writes in the journal Research in Organizational Behavior. “The strategic disguise of one’s own emotions and the manipulation of others’ emotions for strategic ends are behaviors evident not only on Shakespeare’s stage but also in the offices and corridors where power and influence are traded.”
伦敦大学学院的马丁?吉尔达夫教授带领一支研究小组揭开了情商的黑暗面。该小组称，人们为了谋取私利，会掩饰情绪，当面一套背后一套。情商高的人“会故意给人留下对自己有利的印象”。吉尔达夫率领的研究小组在《组织行为研究》期刊中写道：“采取策略来伪装个人情绪，同时为了达到战略目的而操控他人情绪，这些行为不仅出现在莎翁的戏剧中，在交易权力和影响力的场所也十分常见。”
It seems that to better understand the dark side of EQ, we need look no further than Shakespeare’s Macbeth or its modern adaption on TV: House of Cards.
看来，要想更好地了解情商的黑暗面，我们只需看看莎翁名著《麦克白》或者它的现代电视剧版——《纸牌屋》就够了
雅思阅读材料大集合：小睡一个小时的作用有多大?
The average Briton gets six-and-a-half hours' sleep a night, according to the Sleep Council. Michael Mosley took part in an unusual experiment to see if this is enough.
It has been known for some time that the amount of sleep people get has, on average, declined over the years.
This has happened for a whole range of reasons, not least because we live in a culture where people are encouraged to think of sleep as a luxury - something you can easily cut back on. After all, that's what caffeine is for - to jolt you back into life. But while the average amount of sleep we are getting has fallen, rates of obesity and diabetes have soared. Could the two be connected?
We wanted to see what the effect would be of increasing average sleep by just one hour. So we asked seven volunteers, who normally sleep anywhere between six and nine hours, to be studied at the University of Surrey's Sleep Research Centre.
The volunteers were randomly allocated to two groups. One group was asked to sleep for six-and-a-half hours a night, the other got seven-and-a-half hours. After a week the researchers took blood tests and the volunteers were asked to switch sleep patterns. The group that had been sleeping six-and-a-half hours got an extra hour, the other group slept an hour less.
While we were waiting to see what effect this would have, I went to the John Radcliffe hospital in Oxford to learn more about what actually happens when we sleep.
In the Sleep Centre, they fitted me up with a portable electro-encephalograph, a device that measures brain wave activity. Then, feeling slightly ridiculous, I went home and had my seven-and-a-half hours of sleep.
The following day I went to discuss what had happened inside my head during the night with Dr Katharina Wulff.
The first thing she pointed out was that I had very rapidly fallen into a state of deep sleep. Deep sleep sounds restful, but during it our brains are actually working hard. One of the main things the brain is doing is moving memories from short-term storage into long-term storage, allowing us more short-term memory space for the next day. If you don't get adequate deep sleep then these memories will be lost.
You might think: “I'll cut back during the week and then make up for it at the weekend.” Unfortunately it doesn't work like that, because memories need to be consolidated within 24 hours of being formed.
Since deep sleep is so important for consolidating memories it is a good idea if you are revising or perhaps taking an exam to make sure that you're getting a reasonable night's sleep. In one study, people who failed to do so did 40% worse than their contemporaries.
Deep sleep only lasts for a few hours. My electrode results showed that during the night my brain went through multiple phases of another kind of activity, called REM sleep.
“This is the phase when you are usually paralysed - so you can't move,” Wulff explained. But the eye muscles are not paralysed, and that's why it's called rapid eye movement sleep.“
During REM sleep an extraordinary thing happens. One of the stress-related chemicals in the brain, noradrenalin, is switched off. It's the only time, day or night, this happens. It allows us to remain calm while our brains reprocess all the experiences of the day, helping us come to terms with particularly emotional events.
We get more REM sleep in the last half of the night. Which means that if you are woken unexpectedly, your brain may not have dealt with all your emotions - which could leave you stressed and anxious. Drinking alcohol late at night is not a good idea as it reduces your REM sleep while it's being processed in your body.
Back at the University of Surrey our sleep volunteers had finished their second week of the experiment. What we wanted to see was the effect switching from six-and-a-half hours to seven-and-a-half hours, or vice versa, would have on our volunteers.
Computer tests revealed that most of them struggled with mental agility tasks when they had less sleep, but the most interesting results came from the blood tests that were run.
Dr Simon Archer and his team at Surrey University were particularly interested in looking at the genes that were switched on or off in our volunteers by changes in the amount that we had made them sleep.
”We found that overall there were around 500 genes that were affected,“ Archer explained. ”Some which were going up, and some which were going down.“
What they discovered is that when the volunteers cut back from seven-and-a-half to six-and-a-half hours' sleep a night, genes that are associated with processes like inflammation, immune response and response to stress became more active. The team also saw increases in the activity of genes associated with diabetes and risk of cancer. The reverse happened when the volunteers added an hour of sleep.
So the clear message from this experiment was that if you are getting less than seven hours' sleep a night and can alter your sleep habits, even just a little bit, it could make you healthier. ”Have a lie-in, it will do you good“ - that's the kind of health message that doesn't come along very often.
据英国睡眠委员会(Sleep Council)调查显示，英国人平均每天只睡6.5小时。为了验证这样的睡眠是否足够，迈克尔·莫斯利医生(Michael Mosley)参加了一项不寻常的实验。
近些年来，人们已经认识到了这样的事实：我们的平均睡眠时间正在逐渐减少。
这一现象的原因是多方面的，其中之一便是我们所处的文化让我们觉得睡觉是件奢侈的事情，可以轻而易举地缩减。毕竟，咖啡因的功能就在这儿了：把你唤回清醒的状态。然而，随着睡眠量的不断下降，肥胖和糖尿病的发病率却在大幅升高——二者之间会不会有一定关系呢?
我们想看看把平均睡眠时间增加一小时会有什么效果，于是邀请了7位志愿者参加我们的实验。这7个人平日的睡眠在6—9个小时之间。实验由萨里大学(University of Surrey)的睡眠研究中心负责主持。
我们将志愿者随机分为两组，一组每晚睡6.5小时，另一组睡7.5小时。一周之后研究者对两组人的血液进行检测，并调换两组的睡眠量，原来睡6.5小时的一组多睡一小时，另一组则少睡一小时。
就在我们等待实验结果的过程中，我来到位于牛津的约翰·拉德克里夫医院(John Radcliffe hospital)，看看我们睡觉时究竟发生了什么。
在该院的睡眠中心里，工作人员为我戴上一台便携式脑电图仪。就这样，我戴着仪器半觉好笑地回到家，睡了7.5个小时。
第二天，我来到医院，向卡塔琳娜·伍尔夫医生询问了我的情况。
首先，她指出我很快就进入了深睡眠。虽然听上去挺安详，大脑在深睡眠时其实在积极地工作，其中一件重要的事情便是将短期记忆转存到长期记忆中，从而为第二天的短期记忆腾出空间。如果睡得不够，一些短期记忆便会丢失。
你也许会想：“我在工作日里缩减睡眠，到周末再补上不就行了吗?” 遗憾的是，大脑的运行机制并非如此，因为记忆需要在最初形成的24小时内得到强化。
由于深睡眠对于强化记忆十分重要，复习和考试前睡够觉就很有必要。在一项研究中，那些在复习和考试前没能睡够觉的学生比同龄人表现差了40%。
深睡眠只能持续几个小时。我的脑电图显示，大脑在夜里经历了几个称为快速动眼睡眠(REM)的阶段。
“人处于这一阶段时通常是麻痹的，所以动不了。”伍尔夫解释道。但由于这时的眼部肌肉并未麻痹，因此这一阶段的睡眠称作“快速动眼睡眠”。
快速动眼睡眠时，我们的体内会发生一种奇特的变化：脑内的去甲肾上腺素(一种与压力有关的化学物质)会大量消失，使得我们能够在平静中对白天的经历进行再加工，从而更好地应对某些事件对我们造成的情绪影响。然而，无论黑夜还是白天，去甲肾上腺素只有在快速动眼睡眠中才能大量消失。
由于快速动眼睡眠更多地分布于后半夜，如果你在夜里突然醒来，大脑这时很有可能还没完全处理掉你的情绪，从而导致压力感和焦虑的产生。深夜饮酒可不是什么好事情，因为代谢酒精会缩短快速动眼睡眠的时间。
两周后，我们的睡眠志愿者们结束了实验。我们想看看，人在少睡一小时和多睡一小时时会有哪些变化。
计算机测试结果表明，少睡一个小时时，多数人在完成思维敏捷性的任务时显得力不从心。不过更有趣的还是血液的检测结果。
萨里大学的西蒙·阿彻博士和他的团队发现，睡眠时间的变化会影响基因的活跃程度。
“我们发现一共约有500个基因受到影响。”阿彻说。“有些变得更加活跃，有些则相反。”
他们发现，当志愿者的睡眠从7.5小时减少到6.5小时时，体内与炎症、免疫和应对压力相关的基因变得更加活跃，与糖尿病和癌症相关的基因也是如此。而当受试者的睡眠时间增加后，这些基因的活跃程度便减弱了。
因此，实验清楚地表明，对于那些睡不够7个小时的人而言，如果他们能够改变睡眠习惯，哪怕只是做出一点点改变，他们的身体都会变得更健康。“多睡会吧，对你有好处。”遗憾的是，这样的建议我们听到的太少了。
篇7：雅思阅读如何应对是非判断题
雅思阅读 如何应对是非判断题
如果雅思阅读是非判断题的题目内容与原文内容一致,则选TRUE;如果题目内容与文章内容相抵触,则选FALSE;如果题目内容在原文中并没有提到,则选NOT GIVEN。在解答是非判断题时，考生应该注意到以下几点：
第一，这种雅思阅读题型绝对不能够只凭自己的感觉来做题，而一定要回到文章中寻找对应信息。目前中国考区没有出现需要通读全文才能加以判断的是非判断题，也就是说考生一定可以在文章中找到一个信息点与文章后的某道题目相对应。另外诸如比喻型题目，虚拟语气题目，复杂时态型题目等题型在中国考区也已经销声匿迹多年，故考生大可不必担心。
第二，在解答是非判断题时，一定不要根据自己的常识或背景知识加以判断，应将思路严格限制在文章所给范围内。比如：讲国际互联网的题目，其中说上网的人要多缴电话费。对于大多数中国考生来说，这是个不争的事实，所以很多人选了TRUE，而正确答案应该是NOT GIVEN，因为在全文任何一个地方都没有提级上网和电话费之间的关系。
第三，过去是非判断题的难点在于出题跳跃性强，考生很难判断题目中的描述到底对应的是文章的哪一部分。但自最近一段时间，是非判断题基本是按照信息点在文章中重现的顺序来出题的，掌握这一点，考生就能很快为信息定位，从而节省答题时间。
第四，在解答是非判断题时，对原文出现的副词以及题目中出现的副词要特别加以注意。副词在程度高低、范围大小、局部整体、经常偶尔等方面往往是解题的关键。
基础薄弱的同学不能直接使用雅思阅读真题
每次雅思考试之后，总会有一些考生抱怨着，自己已经从剑三做到剑九了，但雅思的阅读成绩出来还是在5分徘徊。那么，多做题就等于拿高分吗?提高雅思阅读成绩到底是靠什么?
如果翻开这些把题全都做过一遍但是成绩依然不高的考生的书，一般都会看到，书的原文部分除了一些简单的标记以外，基本是干干净净的，只有在后面题目处写了答案和改正后的答案。做完题书依然保持这个状态的同学的做题状态不难推断：热情满满地拿起一篇文章的题就做，做完后赶紧对答案，对完后发现有很多错误，信心指数马上直线下降，于是把正确答案草草写上，把书扔在一边，然后由衷的发出一声感叹：阅读真难!事实上，以这个状态做题，对提高阅读成绩不会有任何帮助，反而是在“浪费”宝贵的真题。那怎么样使用真题才是正确的呢?
首先，要明确一个概念，单词基础非常薄弱的同学最好不要直接用真题进行练习，而是要选择一些以夯实基础为主的教材入手，认真进行一段时间的单词语法及基本解题思路的积累，再开始接触剑桥雅思真题。在用真题练习时，目标不仅仅是做练习，而是要把真题的作用发挥到最大。
使用真题应该分为以下五个阶段进行：
第一阶段——做题。
在具备了一定单词量的情况下，先根据老师指导的解题思路认真做题，做完后核对答案;
第二阶段——更正错题。
更正错题并不是把正确答案写上就可以了，而是要想明白自己到底为什么错了，是定位不准确?同义替换没有识别出?还是干脆单词不认识?识别出自己的问题后，认真按照正确答案的指引再从头把这道题思考一遍，如果是同义替换或者单词的问题，要立即把影响答案的单词或替换记下来;
第三阶段——积累同义替换。
这一步对于提高阅读速度和单词量都非常重要。在做完题并且思考清楚错题的基础上，用题目和原文相关位置进行比对，因为题目和原文都是对应同义替换的关系，(特别是在summary题型中，这种对应尤其明显)所以必然会发现很多同义替换形式，要立即积累。
第四阶段——精读。
这一步做完后真题才能算真正是被“榨干”了，精读也是真正能够提高阅读能力和阅读成绩的“王道”。在做完题、积累完同义替换后，需要把原文从头到尾精读一遍，遇到不认识的单词先不查字典，自己根据上下文的意思猜测，最后再查，一般会发现自己猜测的意思和字典里的意思不会差的特别多。这样在原文中积累单词，有上下文有语境，效果会比较好。
最后一个阶段是针对想冲刺高分的同学的——背句子。
在精读完成后，想在写作中拿高分的同学可以选择一些结构或用词好的句子进行背诵，因为真题的文章都非常地道，这些句子用在写作中会成为亮点，对写作大有帮助。
经过以上的五步，原来干干净净的真题书会变得做满了标记，而这些标记就是提高阅读成绩的法宝。因此，题海战术不可取，追求挖掘内容才是王道。
解答雅思阅读题目的三个基本步骤
读前
也要划出重点。特别是大写词(如人名，地名等)，数字(包括时间中的阿拉伯数字)，不认识的词汇等(对这些词我们会比较敏感，有下意识的短暂记忆)，因为这些词在文中一目了然，可以最先完成。
读时
不要阅读文章。但有段落与段意搭配的则需要浏览，切不可大意跳跃而过，因为一错就是两道。可以把有公共词汇的分组，把意思相近的分组。此外，看清题目，要求是段意还是出现此信息的搭配。是非题要一字一字对。如，他昨天就没带包。就要问自己是他还是别人，是昨天还是前天，是带了还是没有，是包还是别的?注意时态和程度副词，ALL，TOTALLY 99%都错。填空不一定从头找，只要在文中看到其一就填，然后再顺藤往上或往下爬，哪儿容易就先往哪儿爬。哦，还有，一句句列出的题(如是非)可以把一些特征明显且共同具有的词分组，这样可以在文中固定范围里找寻答案了。
读后
基本与听力同，也需思考可代替不懂词汇的词。
提高雅思阅读成绩先从基础训练入手
在阅读方面，我进行基础训练。就是说，不做题，看文章。不懂的单词直接查，不用很多的时间去猜，去想，去琢磨。我感觉那样，会把自己引入歧途，对于日后再见到此单词时的理解会产生一定的不良影响。所以，基础练习以增加单词量，提高理解复杂句型的能力为主，不考虑做题方法，对全文进行深入透彻的理解。在全面掌握之后，经常“复习”，过一段时间之后再看一遍，如此这般，一段时间之后就把这些单词和句子记下了。
虽然这样做是比较痛苦的，因为需要查太多的单词，需要理解太多的不懂的句子，但是坚持下来是会有效果的，我相信。另外一点就是，看过的东西不要扔掉，要经常的复习，否则时间久了，就比没看过强不了多少。
其实阅读的关键还是基础，还是单词量，对句子的理解能力也很重要。这些都要靠大量的阅读来解决，单纯的看文章，然后做题，对于基础不是很好的人来说是不合适的。就好像是电脑的内存不够，自然系统运做起来就很慢，效率不高，还容易死机。无论处理器多好，内存如果太小，也难以发挥。懂电脑的朋友们都知道这一点。如果处理器是p42.0，而内存只有64M，那么系统运行的速度还是会比较慢的，尤其是再打开和关闭程序的时候。那些能得7、8分的人“内存”最少也得“256M”。
好像有点跑题了，不过我想，我的观点不管大家是否赞同，一定说明白了。总之，就是说，对于基础不是很好的朋友们来说，最好不要一味的追求做题，应该从基础上来做练习多看，多记，而不是多做。当然，再考试之前是一定要多做些题目来练习的。
篇8：如何轻松应对雅思阅读配对题
雅思阅读配对题一直是不少雅思考生又爱又恨的题目，它形似summary 类填空题，需要回原文定位分析，但有部分题目又需要识别选项中与原文答案的同义替换，两个环节缺一不可。
这些方法让你轻松应对雅思阅读配对题
今天我们先来看一个雅思阅读中的经典题目，从而具体分析如何轻松应对雅思阅读配对题。
标题：
Greying population stays in the pink
问题：
Research carried out by scientists in theUnited States has shown that the proportion of people over 65 suffering fromthe most common age-related medical problems is (14) and thatthe speed of this change is (15) It also seems that these diseases are affecting people (16 )in life thanthey did in the past. This is largely due to developments in( 17) but otherfactors such as improved (18) may also be playing a part. Increases in some other illnesses maybe due to changes in personal habits and to (19 )The researchestablishes a link between levels of (20) and lifeexpectancy. It also shows that there has been a considerable reduction in thenumber of elderly people who are (21 )which means that the (22) involved in supporting this section of the population may be lessthan previously predicted.
题型分布：选词summary--句子配对题(题型种类少，填空题目多达9题，可以按照本题顺序做)
审题
(1) 题目提醒(无提示考察哪些段落)
(2) 小标题(无小标题提示考察内容)
(3) 题型顺序(首个题型，数目多，按照首段顺序读)
解题步骤
选项词性/褒贬分组
选项词性既有名词，又有形容词，更有doing结构。而且，有两组反义词falling、increasing，earlier、later，可分别为同一空的备用选项。
预判
对于Q14的词性及色彩预判难点在于判断首个空前is的真正主语是谁。这里涉及到长难句分析，采用括号法将句子中的修饰成分去掉，我们抽出的句子主干如下：Research ( carried out by scientists in the United States ) has shown that the proportion ( of people over 65 suffering from the most common age-related medical problems ) is ______.
这里面我们总结出一个修饰结构sth./sb. + ( doing sth. / done by sth. / 介词+名词)，括号内的部分都是修饰性结构，我们真正关注的是这些结构前面的名词。去掉括号内的结构后，我们发现我们要的答案其实在这样一个结构中 proportion is _________ 。能力比较强的同学其实还会发现14、15、16空含有并列结构 and和also，句子色彩是保持一致的。
定位
第一句话题干中有United States和65作为显性定位词，而且从首段读开始读符合常理。通过预判寻找proportion 或其替换词。原文第2段含有结构 smaller proportion满足了要求，其他部分也与刚刚划出的括号内的结构有对应。
解题
Q14中词库中falling 对 smaller 做了替换，即为答案，反映出老年人患病人口减少的情况。
Q15与之用and并列，表示这种speed如何，根据并列结构‘结构相同，色彩一致’的原则，选increasing 问题不大。原文中rate 与speed 对应，rate (at which these diseases are declining )continues to accelerate. 注意括号法的使用，即使考鸭们不熟悉accelerate(加速),根据 continue 代表动作的持续加之与前面内容色彩一致,increasing依旧为答案。
Q16通过than的出现判断此空为比较级，earlier, later, more都符合，题目中 be donging及in the past 的出现表明在进行今昔对比。根据色彩一致性，疾病应该对老年人影响越来越晚为好。文章中第3段最后一句通过数据比较给出了答案即later。
Q17、Q18中间用到了but衔接，难度并不大，答案依次为M 、J。
需要指出的是Q19 Q20同样适用了并列结构，尤其是Q19答案词性并不是常见的to do 结构。根据我刚刚提到的并列的两部分‘结构相同’的原则，可知Q19为与changes并列的名词。Q19 Q20 答案依次为N 、K。
而需要指出的是Q21不少考鸭容易误选independent, 是因为忽视了reduction 这种表示色彩正负的关键词的提示，原文与之对应的为第7段的drop。所以，会顺利选出G。
最后，Q22所在句子本身定位不明显，但有明显的比较级less做定位，回到原文第7段尾句，我们找到了答案financial burden 替换为cost。
雅思考试阅读模拟练习及答案
new weapon to fight cancer
1. British scientists are preparing to launch trials of a radical new way to fight cancer, which kills tumours by infecting them with viruses like the common cold.
2. If successful, virus therapy could eventually form a third pillar alongside radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the standard arsenal against cancer, while avoiding some of the debilitating side-effects.
3. Leonard Seymour, a professor of gene therapy at Oxford University, who has been working on the virus therapy with colleagues in London and the US, will lead the trials later this year. Cancer Research UK said yesterday that it was excited by the potential of Prof Seymour’s pioneering techniques.
4. One of the country’s leading geneticists, Prof Seymour has been working with viruses that kill cancer cells directly, while avoiding harm to healthy tissue. ”In principle, you’ve got something which could be many times more effective than regular chemotherapy,“ he said.
5. Cancer-killing viruses exploit the fact that cancer cells suppress the body’s local immune system. ”If a cancer doesn’t do that, the immune system wipes it out. If you can get a virus into a tumour, viruses find them a very good place to be because there’s no immune system to stop them replicating. You can regard it as the cancer’s Achilles’ heel.“
6. Only a small amount of the virus needs to get to the cancer. ”They replicate, you get a million copies in each cell and the cell bursts and they infect the tumour cells adjacent and repeat the process,“ said Prof Seymour.
7. Preliminary research on mice shows that the viruses work well on tumours resistant to standard cancer drugs. ”It’s an interesting possibility that they may have an advantage in killing drug-resistant tumours, which could be quite different to anything we’ve had before.“
8. Researchers have known for some time that viruses can kill tumour cells and some aspects of the work have already been published in scientific journals. American scientists have previously injected viruses directly into tumours but this technique will not work if the cancer is inaccessible or has spread throughout the body.
9. Prof Seymour’s innovative solution is to mask the virus from the body’s immune system, effectively allowing the viruses to do what chemotherapy drugs do - spread through the blood and reach tumours wherever they are. The big hurdle has always been to find a way to deliver viruses to tumours via the bloodstream without the body’s immune system destroying them on the way.
10. ”What we’ve done is make chemical modifications to the virus to put a polymer coat around it - it’s a stealth virus when you inject it,“ he said.
11. After the stealth virus infects the tumour, it replicates, but the copies do not have the chemical modifications. If they escape from the tumour, the copies will be quickly recognised and mopped up by the body’s immune system.
12. The therapy would be especially useful for secondary cancers, called metastases, which sometimes spread around the body after the first tumour appears. ”There’s an awful statistic of patients in the west ... with malignant cancers; 75% of them go on to die from metastases,“ said Prof Seymour.
13. Two viruses are likely to be examined in the first clinical trials: adenovirus, which normally causes a cold-like illness, and vaccinia, which causes cowpox and is also used in the vaccine against smallpox. For safety reasons, both will be disabled to make them less pathogenic in the trial, but Prof Seymour said he eventually hopes to use natural viruses.
14. The first trials will use uncoated adenovirus and vaccinia and will be delivered locally to liver tumours, in order to establish whether the treatment is safe in humans and what dose of virus will be needed. Several more years of trials will be needed, eventually also on the polymer-coated viruses, before the therapy can be considered for use in the NHS. Though the approach will be examined at first for cancers that do not respond to conventional treatments, Prof Seymour hopes that one day it might be applied to all cancers.
(665 words)
Questions 1-6
Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage? For questions 1-6 write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this in the passage
1.Virus therapy, if successful, has an advantage in eliminating side-effects.
2.Cancer Research UK is quite hopeful about Professor Seymour’s work on the virus therapy.
3.Virus can kill cancer cells and stop them from growing again.
4.Cancer’s Achilles’ heel refers to the fact that virus may stay safely in a tumor and replicate.
5.To infect the cancer cells, a good deal of viruses should be injected into the tumor.
6.Researches on animals indicate that virus could be used as a new way to treat drug-resistant tumors.
Question 7-9
Based on the reading passage, choose the appropriate letter from A-D for each answer.
7.Information about researches on viruses killing tumor cells can be found
(A) on TV
(B) in magazines
(C) on internet
(D) in newspapers
8.To treat tumors spreading out in body, researchers try to
(A) change the body’ immune system
(B) inject chemotherapy drugs into bloodstream.
(C) increase the amount of injection
(D) disguise the viruses on the way to tumors.
9.When the chemical modified virus in tumor replicates, the copies
(A) will soon escape from the tumor and spread out.
(B) will be wiped out by the body’s immune system.
(C) will be immediately recognized by the researchers.
(D) will eventually stop the tumor from spreading out.
Questions 10-13
Complete the sentences below. Choose your answers from the list of words. You can only use each word once.
NB There are more words in the list than spaces so you will not use them all.
In the first clinical trials, scientists will try to ……10…… adenovirus and vaccinia, so both the viruses will be less pathogenic than the ……11…….These uncoated viruses will be applied directly to certain areas to confirm safety on human beings and the right ……12…… needed. The experiments will firstly be ……13……to the treatment of certain cancers
List of Words
dosage responding smallpox virus
disable natural ones inject
directed treatment cold-like illness
kill patients examined
雅思考试阅读模拟练习及答案
Answers Keys:
1.答案：FALSE (见第2段：If successful, virus therapy could eventually form a third pillar alongside radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the standard arsenal against cancer, while avoiding some of the debilitating side-effects. Virus therapy 只能避免一些副作用，而不是根除。)
2.答案：TRUE (见第3段，特别是最后一句： Cancer Research UK said yesterday that it was excited by the potential of Prof Seymour’s pioneering techniques. )
3. 答案：NOT GIVEN (文中没有提到virus可以抑制肿瘤细胞再生长)
4. 答案：TRUE (见第5段第3、4句： 这里“cancer’s Achilles’ heel”指 “If you can get a virus into a tumour, viruses find them a very good place to be because there’s no immune system to stop them replicating.” Achilles’ heel的意思是“唯一致命弱点”)
5. 答案：FALSE (见第6段第第1句：Only a small amount of the virus needs to get to the cancer.)
6. 答案：TRUE (见第7段：Preliminary research on mice shows that the viruses work well on tumours resistant to standard cancer drug. ……, which could be quite different to anything we’ve had before.” )
7. 答案：B (见第8段第1、2句：Researchers have known for some time that viruses can kill tumour cells and some aspects of the work have already been published in scientific journals. Journal意思是“日报、期刊、杂志”)
8. 答案：D (见第9段第1句：Prof Seymour’s innovative solution is to mask the virus from the body’s immune system, …… “mask”的意思是“掩盖、隐蔽、伪装”， 在这里和 “disguise”同义。)
9. 答案：B (见第11段第2句： If they escape from the tumour, the copies will be quickly recognised and mopped up by the body’s immune system.. “mop up”这里与 “wipe out” 同义，意思是“消灭、歼灭”。)
10.答案：disable (见第13段最后1句：For safety reasons, both will be disabled to make them less pathogenic in the trial, but Prof Seymour said he eventually hopes to use natural viruses. )
11. 答案：natural ones (见第13段最后1句：For safety reasons, both will be disabled to make them less pathogenic in the trial, but Prof Seymour said he eventually hopes to use natural viruses. )
12. 答案：dosage (见第14段第1句：The first trials will use uncoated adenovirus and vaccinia and will be delivered locally to liver tumours, in order to establish whether the treatment is safe in humans and what dose of virus will be needed.)
13. 答案：directed (见第14段最后1句：Though the approach will be examined at first for cancers that do not respond to conventional treatments, …)
篇9：雅思阅读信号词怎么找
雅思阅读信号词怎么找
一、顺接和递进
例词：also, furthermore, moreover, what is more, in addition…
考点：And Western scientists are starting to draw on this wisdom… (C6, P28, Q31找标题)
解析：And在这句话开头，有一定的递进含义，this wisdom则是指代了前面一句话出现的their wealth of traditional knowledge(因纽特人传统的知识)，所以这两句话有紧密的联系，同学们在读题的时候要通过发现信号词，然后发散地看它的前后句，最后把考点考察的 意思补充完整。
二、对比和转折
例词：however, but, although, nevertheless, on the other hand, by comparison, while
考点：But such projects must be built to higher specifications and with more accountability to local people and their environment than in the past. (C7 P24 Q20)
解题：此题是段落大意配对题，在确定H段段落大意时，段落中间but之后出现的那句话就是解题的关键，根据句子中出现的两个比较级，可以确定答案应该为X The need to raise standards.
考点：While suggestopedia has gained some notoriety through success in the teaching of modern languages, few teachers are able to emulate the spectacular results of Lozanove and his associates. (C7 P27 倒数第二段 Q39, 40)
解析：段首句用while引起注意，我们可以根据success, 和后半句中的few teachers, spectacular results, 搞定最后两个填空题。
三、相似
例词：similarly, in other words, that is, put another way, as …
考点: Thus, we concluded that the blind interpret abstract shapes as sighted people do.(C4, P28, Q40)
解析：题目考的是对文章的总结。因此解题时重点看文章中表示结论的句子，thus这个单词给了我们提示，而句子中的as...do表达的是一个相似的逻辑，因此答案可以确定为B。
四、排列次序
例词：firstly, second, another, the second, the most, the best, next, then, now, later, since, eventually, finally…
考点：First, it lacked the necessary technical vocabulary. Second, it lacked the grammatical resources required to represent the world i an objective and impersonal way,... (C5, P49, Q30-31)
解析：题目30-31考的是并列和否定的逻辑关系，原文中的first, second, 对应的就是题目中的neither...nor...这个并列关系，这两题的答案就迎刃而解了。
考点：First mechanism, then mass use of chemical fertiliser and pesticides, then monocultures, then battery rearing of livestock, and now genetic engineering – the onward marching of intensive farming has seemed unstoppable in the last hal- century, as the yields of produce have soared. (C7, P44, Q15)
解析：段首句连用表示次序的信号词，first, then, then… and now, 体现发展的不同阶段。(the stages of development of farming industry C7 P77 选择配对)
五、强调作用
例词：in fact, in essence, in particular, emphasize…
考点：This, in essence, is the problem of modern sociobiology- to discover the degree to which hard-wired genetic programming dictates… (C5, P21, Q18 信息包含题)
解析：信息包含题考察细节是在哪个段落出现，在做此类题目时，要注意信号词与考点的密切相关性，从而迅速找准答案。这里出现了in essence(实质上)，起了一定的强调作用，迅速扫读后，发现同时出现了题目关键词sociobiology, 破折号后面的介词to表目的，与题目中的the general aim of一致对应。
六、最高级、比较级
例词：–est, most, best, more, better, superior, inferior, preferable, exclusively, extremely...
考点：Making a rapid emotional assessment of the events of the moment is an extremely demanding job for the brain, animal or human. (C5, P44, Q24)
解析：题目中出现了最高级the most difficult tasks, 因此在原文中也应该相应的出现最高级。除了明显的the most, -est, 还有些单词本身也含有最高级的含义，比如extremely, exclusively, superficially, 文中的这个extremely demanding对应的就是题目中的最高级，所以答案也确定。
七、因果关系
例词：as, because, since, lead to, as a result, result in, consequently, therefore, thus, the caused of…
考点:Until recently, not much was known about the topic, and little help was available to teachers to deal with bullying. Perhaps as a consequence, schools would often deny the problem.(C6, P94, Q33)
解题：题目问的是学校否认问题反应了什么，就是这个现象的根本原因。因此原文中consequence就给解题提供了信息，根据consequence之前的一句话就可以将答案找到。
八、举例子和说明
例词：for example, for instance, that is to say, i.e., such as, including…
考点：Other substances were then introduced: including fillers, such as woodflour, asbestos or cotton… (C5, P39, Q5 流程图)
解析：我们看到such as后面是举例子，such as后面的例子可以作为定位词，woodflour, asbestos, cotton就是fillers的其中一种。Fillers在这里就是一个概括性的词语，常常是考点。
雅思阅读考试小范围预测：Passage One
Passage 1
Title: 一个人对 Sacks 的书“Musicophilia”的书评
单选 4题
Question types: YES/NO/NOT GIVEN 6题
Sentence completion 3题
文章内容回顾 一个人对 Sacks 写的 music 与 brain 的 book 的评价。
题型难度分析 还是以选择和是非无判断题为主。
剑桥
推荐原文练习：剑5-3-1、剑6-1-1、剑7-2-1
雅思阅读考试小范围预测：Passage Two
Passage 2
Title: Storytelling
Which paragraph contains the following information? 无 NB 5题人名理论配
Question types: 对 4题
填空 4题(集中在一个区域)
属于旧题，但是在
回忆中出现较少。
文章内容回顾
于 storytelling, 有亚里士多德，荷马。
这篇文章应该算是本次考试中难度较大的一个，信息段落配对题，乱序的。
题型难度分析：题中，会占据考生大量的时间。人名理论会给学生审题造成压力，致使本文在做题中时间耗费太长。细节配对是雅思考试中比较难的题型，我们来分析一下这类题目的做题技巧：
首先，让我们来了解一下这种题目的出题特点。
1. 彻底同义转换
和其它题型不同的是，这种题型是对原文一句话或者一段话进行的彻底同义转换，
个别甚至是高度概括，因此几乎不存在任何定位词，因此不能根据定位词到原文
中定位答案。考生必须具备非常强的语言理解能力，才能快速识别出文章信息和
段落信息的相似之处，从而找到答案。
2. 完全乱序
题型技巧分析
由于这种题型是要求把细节信息与所在的段落进行配对，因此是绝对打乱顺
雅思阅读精读每日一练：圣诞节如何变成购物节?
THERE were no neatly wrapped presents. Nor were there tinseled trees or Santa Claus. Christmas in preindustrial Europe and America looked very different from today’s iteration. Drunks, cross-dressers and rowdy carolers roamed the streets. The tavern, rather than the home or the church, was the place to celebrate. “Men dishonor Christ more in the twelve days of Christmas, than in all the twelve months besides,”—so despaired Hugh Latimer, chaplain to King Edward VI, in the mid-1500s. Some 200 years later, across the Atlantic, a Puritan minister decried the “lewd gaming” and “rude reveling” of Christmas time in the colonies. Those concerns seem irrelevant now. By the end of the 19th century, a rambunctious, freewheeling holiday had turned into the peaceable, family-centred one we know today. How?
没有包装整洁的礼品，没有俗丽的圣诞树，也没有圣诞老人。工业化前的欧洲和美洲的圣诞节和他们现在每年过的，看起来很不一样。人们在大街上痛饮、异装秀、欢唱。酒馆才是庆祝圣诞节的地方，家里或教堂不是。在1500年，爱德华六世的牧师Hugh Latimer悲叹道“人们在圣诞节12天里对上帝的不敬，比在其它12个月里加起来都多”。大概200年后，一个新教的牧师谴责了北美殖民地里圣诞节期间人们进行的下流游戏和放纵的狂欢。但是，这些景象，和现在似乎已经不相关。到了19世纪末，圣诞节这个粗暴放纵的狂欢节，已经变成了我们如今所见的平和的，以家庭为中心的节日，这种转变怎么发生的?
Men dishonor Christ more in the twelve days of Christmas, than in all the twelve months besides。
人们在圣诞节12天里对上帝的不敬，比在其它12个月里加起来都多
In early modern Europe, between about 1500 and 1800, the Christmas season meant a lull in agricultural labor and a chance to indulge. The harvest had been gathered and the animals slaughtered (the cold weather meant they would not spoil). The celebration involved heavy eating, drinking and wassailing, in which peasants would arrive at the houses of the neighboring gentry and demand to be fed. One drinking song captured the mood: “And if you don’t open up your door, / We will lay you flat upon the floor.” Mostly this was tolerated in good humor—a kind of ritualized disorder, when the social hierarchy was temporarily inverted. Some were less tolerant. In colonial Massachusetts, between 1659 and1681, Puritans banned Christmas. They expunged the day from their almanacs, and offending revelers risked a five-shilling fine. The ban did not last, so efforts to tame the holiday picked up instead. Moderation was advised. One almanac-writer cautioned in 1761 that “The temperate man enjoys the most delight, / For riot dulls and palls the appetite.” Still, Christmas was a public ritual, enacted in the tavern or street and often fuelled by alcohol.
在近现代早期的欧洲，也就是公元1500年至1800年，圣诞季意味着农业劳动的停息和放纵的机会。农田的收成在库，牲畜已经宰杀(天冷让宰杀后动物的肉不容易腐败)。庆祝活动涉及大吃大喝，期间农民们会去临近的乡绅家里要求接受款待。一首歌反应了当时的心情“如果你不开门，我们就让你从竖着走的人变成横着躺的人”。大部分时候，农民们的行为会被善意的容忍，这是一种仪式化的失序，社会阶层短暂的发生倒置。
That soon changed. Cities had expanded at the turn of the 19th century to absorb the growing number of factory workers. Vagrancy and urban poverty were by now common. Rowdiness at Christmas could turn violent, with bands of drunken men roaming the streets. It’s little surprise that members of the upper classes saw a threat in the festivity. In his study of the holiday, Stephen Nissenbaum, a historian, credits a group of patrician writers and editorialists in America with recasting it as a domestic event. They refashioned European traditions, like Christmas trees from Germany and Christmas boxes from England, in which the wealthy would present cash or leftovers to their servants. St Nicholas, or Santa Claus, whose December name day coincided with the Christmas season, became the holiday’s mascot. Clement Clarke Moore’s poem “A Visit from St Nicholas”, first publized in 1823, helped popularize his image. In it, a jolly Santa descends via reindeer-pulled sleigh to surprise children with presents on Christmas Eve. Newspapers also played their part. “Let all avoid taverns and grog shops for a few dazays,” advised the New York Herald in 1839. Better to focus on “the domestic hearth, the virtuous wife, the innocent, smiling, merry-hearted children.”
情况很快就变了。城市在19世纪末吸收了更多的工厂工人。流浪和城市贫困至今都普遍，在当时更是严重的问题。一群醉汉在圣诞期间的大街上游荡可能会引发暴力。所以上层社会的人把这个节日视为威胁毫不奇怪。历史学家Stephen Nissenbaum把圣诞节被驯化为家庭内部节日归功于上层社会的作家和编辑们。他们复兴了欧洲的传统，如来自德国传统的圣诞树，圣诞礼品盒本来是英国的富人用来给佣人们装剩菜或钱等礼物的。
It was a triumph of middle-class values, and a coup for shop-owners. “Christmas is the merchant’s harvest time,” one industry magazine enthused in 1908. “It is up to him to garner in as big a crop of dollars as he can.” Soon this new Christmas would become a target of criticism in its own right: as commercialized and superficial. Nevertheless it lives on.
这是中产阶级价值观的胜利，也是零售店主们的出乎意料的好运。“圣诞节是商人们收获的季节”，一份工业杂志在1908年兴奋的表示。“只要他能，想挣多少钱就能挣到多少钱”。没多少时间，这种新的庆祝圣诞节的方式本身就成为批评的目标：因为过于的商业化和肤浅。但是，我们仍然这么过。
雅思阅读经济类高频词汇
enthuse：热心
garner： 获得，储存
tinseled：亮闪闪的，俗丽的
iteration：重复，迭代
tavern：酒馆
chaplain：牧师
lewd：下流的
revel：狂欢
decry：谴责
rambunctious：粗暴的
wassailing：痛饮
almanac：年历
expunge：擦除
Rowdiness：吵闹
Vagrancy：流浪
It’s little surprise 毫不奇怪
patrician：上层社会的
virtuous ：善良的
grog shop：小酒馆
enthuse：热心
garner： 获得，储存
序出题的。
