“lygfox”通过精心收集，向本站投稿了8篇雅思阅读和托福阅读哪个难，下面是小编为大家整理后的雅思阅读和托福阅读哪个难，仅供参考，大家一起来看看吧。
篇1：雅思阅读和托福阅读哪个难
【1】Colonization is one way in which plants can change the ecology of a site. Colonization is a process with two components: invasion and survival. The rate at which a site is colonized by plants depends on both the rate at which individual organisms (seeds, spores, immature or mature individuals) arrive at the site and their success at becoming established and surviving. Success in colonization depends to a great extent on there being a site available for colonization—a safe site where disturbance by fire or by cutting down of trees has either removed competing species or reduced levels of competition and other negative interactions to a level at which the invading species can become established. For a given rate of invasion, colonization of a moist, fertile site is likely to be much more rapid than that of a dry, infertile site because of poor survival on the latter. A fertile, plowed field is rapidly invaded by a large variety of weeds, whereas a neighboring construction site from which the soil has beencompacted or removed to expose a coarse, infertile parent material may remain virtually free of vegetation for many months or even years despite receiving the same input of seeds as the plowed field.
【2】Both the rate of invasion and the rate of extinction vary greatly among different plant species. Pioneer species—those that occur only in the earliest stages of colonization—tend to have high rates of invasion because they produce very large numbers of reproductive propagules (seeds, spores, and so on) and because they have an efficient means of dispersal (normally, wind).
【3】If colonizers produce short-lived reproductive propagules, then they must produce very large numbers unless they have an efficient means of dispersal to suitable new habitats. Many plants depend on wind for dispersal and produce abundant quantities of small, relatively short-lived seeds to compensate for the fact that wind is not always a reliable means of reaching the appropriate type of habitat. Alternative strategies have evolved in some plants, such as those that produce fewer but larger seeds that are dispersed to suitable sites by birds or small mammals or those that produce long-lived seeds. Many forest plants seem to exhibit the latter adaptation, and viable seeds of pioneer species can be found in large numbers on some forest floors. For example, as many as 1,125 viable seeds per square meter were found in a 100-year-old Douglas fir/western hemlock forest in coastal British Columbia. Nearly all the seeds that had germinated from this seed bank were from pioneer species. The rapid colonization ofsuch sites after disturbance is undoubtedly in part a reflection of the large seed bank on the forest floor.
【4】An adaptation that is well developed in colonizing species is a high degree of variation in germination (the beginning of a seed's growth). Seeds of a given species exhibit a wide range of germination dates, increasing the probability that at least some of the seeds will germinate during a period of favorable environmental conditions. This is particularly important for species that colonize an environment where there is no existing vegetation to ameliorate climatic extremes and in which there may be great climatic diversity.
【5】Species succession in plant communities, i.e., the temporal sequence of appearance and disappearance of species is dependent on events occurring at different stages in the life history of a species. Variation in rates of invasion and growth plays an important role in determining patterns of succession, especially secondary succession. The species that are first to colonize a site are those that produce abundant seed that is distributed successfully to new sites. Such species generally grow rapidly and quickly dominate new sites, excluding other species with lower invasion and growth rates. The first community that occupies a disturbed area therefore may be composed of species with the highest rate of invasion, whereas the community of the subsequent stage may consist of plants with similar survival rates but lower invasion rates.
篇2：雅思阅读和托福阅读哪个难
1.According to paragraph 1, how does disturbance of a site influence its colonization by a plant species?
A.Disturbance reduces or eliminates competition by other species.
B.Disturbance increases negative interactions with other organisms on the site.
C.Disturbance prevents a plant species from colonizing a new site.
D.Disturbance reduces the fertility of a site.
2.The word “virtually” in the passage (paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to
A.almost totally.
B.unusually.
C.consistently.
D.unnaturally.
3.Why does the author mention a plowed field and a construction site in the passage?
A.To argue that sites that have been affected by human activity tend to be colonized slowly.
B.To illustrate the kind of sites that may be invaded by weeds.
C.To contrast sites in terms of their suitability for colonization.
D.To explain that exposing or compacting the soil results in successful colonization.
4.The word “despite”(paragraph 1) in the passage is closest in meaning to
A.without.
B.almost never.
C.even though.
D.perhaps.
5.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage (paragraph 2)? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
A.The seeds of pioneer species are usually carried by the wind to fertile sites, where they reproduce very efficiently.
B.Pioneer species are successful invaders because they produce lots of seeds that are dispersed effectively.
C.Pioneer species produce their largest numbers of propagules during the earliest stages of their colonization.
D.Pioneer species reproduce very quickly and efficiently because they produce very large number of seeds.
6.What can be inferred from paragraph 3 about the reason that large seeds are dispersed by birds or small animals rather than by wind?
A.Large seeds are easier for birds and animals to see than are the small seeds dispersed by the wind.
B.Large seeds are too heavy for the wind to disperse.
C.Large seeds cannot be eaten by birds and animals.
D.Large seeds are short-lived and thus require a more efficient means of dispersal than small seeds do.
7.The phrase “the latter adaptation” in the passage (paragraph 3) refers to
A.producing fewer seeds.
B.producing larger seeds.
C.dispersal by birds and small mammals.
D.producing long-lived seeds.
8.The word “viable” in the passage (paragraph 3) is closest in meaning to
A.able to survive.
B.individual.
C.large.
D.remaining.
9.The example of the 100-year-old Douglas fir/western hemlock forest in paragraph to illustrates which of the following ideas?
A.It is uncommon for older seed to germinate.
B.Pioneer species tend to prefer forest floors for colonization purposes.
C.Long-lived seeds of pioneer species can successfully germinate over long periods of time.
D.Coastal British Columbia is particularly suited for pioneer species to develop.
10.According to paragraph 4, how do plants manage to germinate in areas with great climatic diversity and climatic extremes?
A.By producing seeds only during favorable climatic conditions.
B.By generating large numbers of seeds.
C.By colonizing only those areas where other plants have survived.
D.By producing seeds that have a wide range of germination dates.
11.The word “abundant〃 in the passage (paragraph 5) is closest in meaning to
A.new.
B.improved.
C.suitable.
D.plentiful.
12.According to paragraph 5, which of the following determines the sequence in which plant species will colonize a site?
A.The extent of growth of a species on a prior site before it begins to colonize a secondary site.
B.The differences in invasion and growth rates across species.
C.The degree of fertility of a site.
D.The kind of disturbance that the site has undergone.
13. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage. Where does the sentence best fit? They require relatively little protection or nutrients.
Species succession in plant communities, i.e., the temporal sequence of appearance and disappearance of species is dependent on events occurring at different stages in the life history of a species.■【A】Variation in rates of invasion and growth plays an important role in determining patterns of succession, especially secondary succession.■【B】The species that are first to colonize a site are those that produce abundant seed that is distributed successfully to new sites.■【C】Such species generally grow rapidly and quickly dominate new sites, excluding other species with lower invasion and growth rates. The first community that occupies a disturbed area therefore may be composed of species with the highest rate of invasion, whereas the community of the subsequent stage may consist of plants with similar survival rates but lower invasion rates.■【D】
14. Prose Summary
The ecology of a site is changed through its colonization by new plants that arrive and grow there.
A.The species that first colonize a disturbed site are typically ones that produce a large number of efficiently dispersed seeds.
B.Plants that cannot successfully compete with other species can invade and colonize a site only if it is fertile and moist, such as a plowed field.
C.Pioneer species arrive at a site first but have lower survival rates than do species that arrive later.
D.Producing seeds that germinate at various times over long periods allows some plants to colonize sites that only occasionally present the right conditions for growth.
E.Large, long-lived seeds tend to result in large seed banks with short germination periods requiring favorable environmental conditions for development.
F.The successive appearance and disappearance of species on a site is a result of variation in species' rates of invasion, growth, and survival.
篇3：雅思阅读和托福阅读哪个难
1.第1段第4句话，通过火灾和砍伐的干涉要么消除竞争对手要么降低竞争的强度。
2.virtually表示”实际上，几乎“, 程度上对应almost totally。
3.第一段第5、6句话，肥沃的土地植物入侵的速度快，反之亦然。
4.despite 尽管，对应even though 尽管/即使。
5.原句强调了先锋物种入侵速度快的两个原因，一是能够产生大量可繁殖的种子，二是拥有有效的传播途径。原句和fertile sites没有关系，A错;C没有提到种子的繁殖力; D没有提到传播途径，只有B满足原句的条件。
6.第3段第2，3句：小种子通常靠风传播，大种子由鸟和动物实现传播。
7.the latter adaptation，后一种适应性，段落开头讲的是短命种子，所以后一种适应性是指长命种子。
8.viable，有生命力的，对应A。
9.该例子的前一句话为观点句, 例子是为了说明观点，即长命种子在森林地面上很繁荣。
10.该段的第1句话，发芽时间的变化。
11.abundant，表示”丰富的“，对应D。
12.该段第二句话，succession 对应colonize a site。
13.they指代species. 原句说该物种的生存要求很低，就意味着他们更能存活，原句接下去可能阐述该物种如何靠着该优势来侵占土地繁殖。
14.A选项: 对应第2段的核心意思，第2句话;
B选项: 原文中没有明确说明的信息;
C选项: 违背原文意思，第三段最后一句;
D选项: 对应第4段的核心意思;
E选项: requiring favorable environmental conditions for development是原文中没有明确说明的信息;
F选项: 对应第5段的核心意思。
篇4：托福阅读和雅思阅读哪个难度比较高
托福阅读和雅思阅读哪个难度比较高?如果你正好有这个苦恼，就可以看一看这篇文章寻找答案哦!想要了解的朋友赶紧来看一看吧!
托福阅读和雅思阅读哪个难度比较高
一、词汇要求
托福阅读词汇量要求是八千到一万，雅思的词汇量要求是六千到八千，单从数字上来看，托福考试对词汇量的要求略高一些。此外，托福阅读的文章基本上都是学术型文章，其词汇在难度上要比雅思词汇略难一些。
二、考试时间、文章长度及题量
正常来说，雅思阅读和托福阅读的考试时间都是60分钟。不同的是，托福阅读有可能遇到加试的情况，一旦遇到加试，考试时间就会延长到80分钟。
雅思阅读由3篇文章组成，每篇阅读平均900字以上，最多可达1500字左右，题目总数为40道;托福阅读包括3-4篇700字左右的文章，每篇文章设有12-14个题目。
三、文章题材和内容
托福阅读文章大都选自美国大学本科生使用的教材，一般都是对某一学科或主题的介绍性内容。内容更加学术化，其涵盖的题材也更加广泛，涉及自然科学、人文科学等，包括了历史、科学、教育、商业、社科、艺术文学、工程技术、体育文娱8个方面。
雅思学术类阅读文章主要选自杂志、期刊、书本、报纸等，内容涉及经济、教育、科技、环境、医学、能源、地质、海洋、动物等方面的问题;培训类文章则主要选自通告、广告、传单、报纸、说明书、杂志等;第一部分内容与生活化英语有关，第二部分和工作方面有关，第三部分为学术性文章。
通过文章题材对比不难发现，雅思阅读的文章更广泛一些，文章来自不同的层面;而托福阅读的文章是在同一个层面里介绍不同专业领域的内容，相对来说比较深入。
四、试题的形式及考察目的
雅思常考的题型有10种：判断题、选择题、配对题、总结题、标题配对题、句子完成题、表格题、图片题、简答题、流程图题。
托福常考题型有10种：事实信息题、否定事实信息题、推论题、修辞目的题、词汇题、指代题、句子简化题、句子插入题、文章总结题、表格填写题。
托福阅读和雅思阅读在题目的考查形式上略有不同：托福全部是选择题，雅思还会有填空题。但是，所有题型考查的都是文章细节、长难句的理解能力以及定位和同意替换的能力。同时，托福和雅思的各个题型也有各自的解题技巧，技巧不一而别。在这一方面两者还是不相上下，平分秋色的。
五、答题方式
托福阅读为网考，答案直接在电脑上进行选择;而雅思阅读采取笔试的形式，答案都必须用铅笔填写在答题纸上。
托福阅读：如何快速_排除题?
1、做题的基本思路
这种题型和阅读中的细节题考察的都是文章局部信息，只不过区别在于细节题问的是哪一个是对的，排除题问哪一个是不对的，所以做题方法和细节题有所区别。细节题基本的思路是直接拿题目中的关键词到文章中定位，然后仔细阅读相关内容，再选出正确答案，可是排除题这种方法就行不通了，因为答案可能分布文章某一整段或者好几段。所以做题的基本思路就是：直接拿着选项到文章里面去找答案，和文章一致的答案直接排除，和文章相矛盾或者文章未提及或者不符合文章要求的就是正确答案。下面可以看几个例子。
第 1 题
这道题很明显答案是第三个，它和文章是明显相矛盾的，所以就直接选这个。考试中，如果发现某个选项和文章某句话明显相矛盾，那就可以大胆选出来，其他选项看都不用看，直接到下一题。当然如果有时间，为了以防万一，还是抽时间把其他几个选项再看下，没时间就算了。
第 2 题
由这个例子就可以看出，第一个就是文章未提到的内容，其他几个选项在文中都有照应。一般未提及的内容往往是比较难看出来的，所以对于这种错误类型，在考试中如果遇见找不到的，可以先放一放，先看其他的选项，如果其他选项在文中都有而且都是对的，而且符合题目要求，那就可以直接选刚才那个没找到的。当然，在做题的时候，如果非常肯定某一个选项没有提及，那也可以直接选这个答案，其他默认的对的。有的时候，出题考官会把选项进行不同程度的同义替换，考生由于词汇的问题，没看出来，也有可能把原本有的选项当成未提及，所以为了以防万一，也还是检验一下其他选项为好。
第 3 题
在做题的时候，还有第三种错误特点，那就是虽然文章提到的，但是选项不符合题目要求：
上面这道题四个选项在文章中都可以找到，可是再看题干要求，发现后面三个选项正好对应第一句话，而第一个选项在后一句提及，与题目要求无关，所以正确答案就是这个。这种错误特点相对来说还是比较容易看出来的，只要把握清楚题目问的是什么。
2、选择答题的顺序
在选择答案时，可以按照先看有没有明显相矛盾的选项，再看有没有不符合题目要求的，再看有没有未提及的这种顺序。然后选出答案以后一定要拿选项来自我验证。比如选A 就要保证B, C, D 在文中都有，而且都是符合题目要求的。所以基本上这种类型题目还是比较简单的，答案都在文中就看能不能快速找到。
托福阅读提速小技巧
一、抓关键词，准确定位。考生在做题过程中，要熟练掌握根据关键词进行定位的技巧。这一技巧可以帮助大家加快解题速度，提高正确率。因为大部分托福阅读题目考查的是考生对文章细节的理解，答案基本上都能在文章中找到。拿到一个题目，我们先找题干中可以用来定位的关键词，比如专有名词、数字、符号等，然后根据关键词回到原文进行定位。有时候文章中不一定会出现和关键词一模一样的词，但很可能是关键词的同义替换词。
二、善于使用排除法。托福阅读中有些题目枝干信息太多，但都是干扰项，如果逐字阅读的话会很浪费时间。正确的做法应该是从选项中挖掘一下方向，如果有几项答案自相矛盾或者意思明显相反，就可以直接排除，然后再对模糊选项进行确认，这时候再回到正文中细读相关信息就会很省力。一般情况下，排除法是比较容易培养的套路，考生要善于使用这一技巧提高答题速度。
三、掌握句子顺序上的变化。问句中所含信息与文章中相应句子中的信息在顺序上有时可能出现不同，甚至前后完全倒置。这种情况可能会导致迷失答题的方向。还应注意到文章中有关问句的信息并非全都能在每个句子中找到，甚至在关键词及短语之间存在一些不相关的信息，这些都会是寻找答案过程中的困难。
四、查找同义词、近义词、相关词。在托福阅读考试中，能否准确找出正确答案很大程度上取决于能否辩认出同义词、近义词、相关词及不同形式的短语。 1.词形完全相同; 2.词义相同，即同义词 ;3.词义相近，但并非同义 ;4.词义相关。上述四种词汇/短语表达方式中，第一种当然容易辩认，第二种同义词也相 对不难，但第三种与第四种形式则不易辩认，所以要在阅读过程中多加比较练习。如能攻破这一关，则一定能够取得好的考试成绩。
托福阅读考试的两大陷阱
陷阱一：细节题考查精确定位
托福阅读中的细节题其实不难，但前提是定位的点要对，比如下面这个例题：
Two species of deer have been prevalent in the Puget Sound area of Washington State in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. The black-tailed deer, a lowland, west-side cousin of the mule deer of eastern Washington, is now the most common. The other species, the Columbian white-tailed deer, in earlier times was common in the open prairie country, it is now restricted to the low, marshy islands and flood plains along the lower Columbia River.
According to paragraph 1, which of the following is true of the white-tailed deer of Puget Sound?
A. It is native to lowlands and marshes.
B. It is more closely related to the mule deer of eastern Washington than to other types of deer.
C. It has replaced the black-tailed deer in the open prairie.
D. It no longer lives in a particular type of habitat that it once occupied.
这是一个典型的细节题，在该题题干中，有的考生会选择Puget Sound作为关键词回原文定位，因为它是专有名词，在文中会比较显眼。但是如果一旦选择了这个地名，势必会定位在该段的第一句话，托福细节题往往是定位在哪句就在哪句找答案，这样的话考生是选不出正确答案的，因为定位不精确。其实正确的关键词应该是white-tailed deer，这个用连字符连接的词在文章中也是比较醒目的，按该词定位应是该段最后一句话。所以根据它的意思应该选D项。其中A项与原句意思不符，B和C都与定位句信息无关。我们再来看另外一个否定事实细节题的例子：
Plant communities assemble themselves flexibly, and their structure depends on the particular history of the area. Ecologists use the term “succession” to refer to the changes that happen in plant communities and ecosystems over time. The first community in a succession is called a pioneer community, while the long-lived community at the end of succession is called a climax community. Pioneer and successional plant communities are said to change over periods from 1 to 500 years. These changes—in plant numbers and the mix of species—are cumulative. Climax communities themselves change but over periods of time greater than about 500 years.
According to paragraph 1, which of the following is NOT true of climax communities?
A. They occur at the end of a succession.
B. They last longer than any other type of community.
C. The numbers of plants in them and the mix of species do not change
D. They remain stable for at least 500 years at a time.
这个题大家都会选择用climax communities去定位，但在定位过程中会出现很多问题。首先考生要学会跳跃式定位，即根据文章中特殊的标点符号以及最醒目的词来搜索我们真正需要的关键词。文中的particular是加了阴影的，succession是在引号里面的，都非常醒目，通过看这两个词我们会发现它们附近没有我们需要的东西;再比较突出的就是数字及破折号，在500的上方有a climax community，但它是单数，与题干关键词不完全匹配，细节题讲究的是精确定位，所以我们应该选择500斜下方的Climax communities，即该段的最后一句话。否定事实细节题的出题思路有两种：一是无中生有，即根据定位点的内容，四个选项只有一个没有提到，这种思路多适用于选项比较简短的题目;二是张冠李戴，即根据定位点的内容表述，只有一个选项与之矛盾，这种思路多适应于选项比较长的题目。就这个例题而言，根据定位的最后一句话，从表述上来说跟它相关的只有C和D两个选项，D项的意思与原句相符，而C项与原句矛盾，所以正确答案是C。综上所述，做新托福阅读的细节题，最重要的一点就是要尽量地去精确定位。
陷阱二：无方向中隐藏方向。
新托福阅读考试中绝大部分题目都是对应具体段落的，这会为考生节省很多时间。但是也不排除有少量题目的范围比较大或比较模糊，考生在寻找答案时难免一头雾水，费时费力。其实这些看似没有明确定位方向的题目都是暗藏玄机的。下面我们就来看一个例子：
Wind power has a significant cost advantage over nuclear power and has become competitive with coal-fired power plants in many places. With new technological advances and mass production, projected cost declines should make wind power one of the world’s cheapest ways to produce electricity. In the long run, electricity from large wind farms in remote areas might be used to make hydrogen gas from water during periods when there is less than peak demand for electricity. The hydrogen gas could then be fed into a storage system and used to generate electricity when additional or backup power is needed.
Wind power is most economical in areas with steady winds. In areas where the wind dies down, backup electricity from a utility company or from an energy storage system becomes necessary. Backup power could also be provided by linking wind farms with a solar cell, with conventional or pumped-storage hydropower, or with efficient natural-gas-burning turbines. Some drawbacks to wind farms include visual pollution and noise, although these can be overcome by improving their design and locating them in isolated areas.
Based on the information in paragraph 3 and paragraph 4, what can be inferred about the states of North Dakota, South Dakota, and Texas mentioned at the end of paragraph 1?
A.They rely largely on coal-fired power plants.
B.They contain remote areas where the winds rarely die down.
C.Over 1 percent of the electricity in these states is produced by wind farms.
D.Wind farms in these states are being expanded to meet the power needs of the United States.
这个题目的题干涉及到三个段落，而事实上考生根本不需要去看第一段的内容，因为答案依据的是第三、四段的信息，但是这两个段落如果都看的话内容也不少，从应试的角度来说太费时间。正确的做法应该是从选项中挖掘一下方向。A项里大家一般都会选择有连字符的coal-fired作为关键词去定位，B项没有比较显眼的词就只能选名词短语remote areas，C项选1 percent， D项选the United States。选完关键词我们不难发现除了B项不大好定位以外，其他三个选项的关键词都很醒目。经过定位，A项应该去比对第3段的第一句话，意思明显矛盾;B项不好找，可以暂且跳过;C项和D项的关键词在这两段都找不到，这就属于新托福阅读中推理题的错误答案设计方法之一 ——无中生有。所以虽然我们没有去验证B项的说法是否正确，但经过排除也只能选B了。这样的做题方法就会省时省力，且答案也是正确的。在考试中，这种情况往往会影响考生的心情，进而影响水平的发挥，但是只要我们了解了ETS出题的套路就能把它们轻松搞定。
篇5：托福阅读和雅思阅读哪个更好考
有些同学在决定要出国之前会在选择目标国家的问题上犯选择困难症，很大一部分学生对于国家选择的纠结其实是对于考试选择的纠结。很多学生一直都在托福和雅思之间考虑，到底是托福还是雅思?!更多的学生想知道的问题其实就是托福和雅思到底哪个简单?哪个好出分?下面一起来看看吧！
托福阅读和雅思阅读哪个更好考?有什么区别?
其实两个考试各有千秋，都是对于学生英语能力的系统考察。如果从这个角度来看，这两个考试真的是无差别的，也就是说如果你的英语烂，你考哪个也考不出来!
但是，坊间一直有传言，雅思比托福简单，这也是很多学生选择雅思考试的重要原因，我们今天就这个问题来看下是不是雅思真的比托福简单，我们拿阅读部分来做个对比。
1. 考试形式
从考试形式这个角度上来看，雅思是简单一些，托福真的是不占什么便宜，托福阅读除了能确定是电脑考试以外，貌似考多久和考几篇都确定不了。
反观雅思，模式固定，考试形式喜闻乐见(笔试)，简直不能再友好。所以很多考生选择雅思考试只是从这一维度上决定了雅思考试简单。
其实托福雅思考试的很多信息还没有深入了解。托福的加试其实是不算入分数的，而且加试不一定出现在阅读上。同时，也不能只通过考试形式就确定雅思比托福简单，还需要看下考试内容。
2.阅读文章背景知识和词汇量要求
只要多加一个维度看问题，托福和雅思的区别其实就没有那么明显了。
首先，托福文章考察的是学术文章，比较像论文，文章主要讲，生物，地理，历史，天文等等，这四类的文章几乎占到了托福考试背景知识的80%-90%，你可以简单粗暴的理解托福阅读就考这几类的文章。
而雅思在背景知识上选材就相对就比较广，除了托福的选材之外，还有一些人文科学，比如心理学。
再看词汇量，对于词汇量的要求上几乎都一样，8000+的词汇在托福中能达到80-90分的水平，雅思中8000词汇能达到7.5-8分的水平。
如果单从文章的选择上来看托福雅思考试，反倒是雅思考试难了，因为它文章涉及的题材更广。
3. 题型
从题型的形式上来看，托福的形式比较单一，全是选择题，这个做起来比较简单，但是雅思阅读的题型就不固定了，考生不一定能遇到什么题。
题型的分类上托福阅读的题型明显多于雅思阅读，但是如果把雅思阅读的题型分开，结果就不是这么样了。
雅思的题型有4大类，matching类，填空类，选择类，判断类。matching 中还包括 人物观点配对，分类，句首句尾配对，段落细节配对，标题配对;填空类包括，有选项和无选项的summary，流程图填空，图表填空，表格填空，回答问题，完成句子填空;选择题包括：5选2，8选3，11选5;判断题没有分类，但是判断题不只需要选择对错，还需要选择出来没有提及的信息NG(Not Given)，这种选项不是对也不是错。
这样细分下来，雅思阅读的题型反倒比托福阅读多了。
总之，无论托福还是雅思，没有很多本质上的绝对差别。差别都是在一些细节和形式上。很多考生选择雅思是觉得雅思的形式简单，因为它是笔试，笔试虽然是容易接受和上手，但是考生要处理的不是考试形式，但是形式背后衬托的文章。
所以，无论是哪个考试都需要考生们有扎实的语言功底和勤奋的努力付出!学习语言没有捷径!
雅思阅读超高频词汇系列1
1
state n. 情形, 状态, 国家, 政府, 州 vt.声明, 陈述, 规定
statement n.声明, 陈述
2
special adj.特别的, 特殊的, 专门的
especially adv.尤其，特别
specialization n.特殊化, 专门化
specialise v.专业化，专门研究
specialised adj. 专门的, 专科的
specialist n. 专家
speciality n.特性, 特质, 专业
specify vt.指定, 详细说明
specific adj.详细而精确的, 明确的
specifically adv.特定的, 明确的
species n.种类
3
differ vi.不同
difference n.差异, 差别
different adj.不同的
differentiate v.区别, 区分
雅思阅读超高频词汇系列2
4
appropriate adj.适当的
inappropriate adj.不适当的
5
staff n. 全体职员
6
contradict vt.同...矛盾
contradiction n.反驳, 矛盾
contrary adj.相反的, 逆的
contrast vt.使与...对比 n.对比, 对照
7
claim n.(根据权利提出)要求, 主张 vt.(根据权利)要求, 主张
claimant n.(根据权利)提出要求者
reclaim vt.要求归还，开垦
reclamation n.收回，开垦
8
similar adj.相似的, 类似的
similarly adv.同样地, 类似于
similarity n.类似, 类似处
assimilation n.同化
9
evidence n.明显, 显著，证据
evident adj.明显的, 显然的
10
major n. 主修课 adj.主修的，主要的 vi.主修
majority n.多数, 大半
雅思阅读超高频词汇系列3
11
further adj.更远的, 更多的 vt.促进, 增进, 助长
furthermore adv.此外, 而且
12
involve t.包括,使陷于
involvement n.连累, 包含
revolve v.旋转
revolution n.革命，旋转
revolutionary adj.革命的，全新的 n.革命者
revolutionise vt.使彻底改变
evolve vt. (使)进化, (使)发展
evolution n. 进化, 发展
evolutionary adj.进化的
13
complete adj.全部的, 完全的 vt.完成, 使完善
completely adv.十分, 完全地
completion n.完成
雅思阅读超高频词汇系列4
14
suit v.适合 n.一套衣服
suitable adj.适当的, 相配
suitcase n.手提箱, 衣箱
15
person n.人, 身体
personal adj.私人的, 个人的
personalize v.使成私人的, 人格化
personality n.个性, 人格
personnel n.人员, 职员
16
accommodate vt.供应, 供给, 容纳
accommodation n.住处, 膳宿
17
economy n.经济, 节约
economic adj.经济(上)的
economical adj.节约的
economist n.经济学者, 经济家
economics n.经济学
18
alter v.改变
alternative n.二中择一, 可供选择的办法, 事物 adj.选择性的, 二中择一的
alternate adj.交替的, 轮流的 v.交替, 轮流, 改变
19
effect n.效果, 作用, 影响
effective adj.有效的
effectiveness n.效力
effort n.努力, 成就
affect vt.影响, 感动
affection n. 影响, 爱情,
affective adj.情感的
affecting adj.感人的, 动人的
efficient adj.(直接)生效的, 有效率的
efficiency n.效率, 功效
sufficient adj.充分的，足够的
insufficient adj.不足的，不够的
20
experiment n.实验, 试验 vi.进行实验, 做试验
experimental adj.实验的
experimentation n.实验, 试验, 实验法
experimenter n.实验者
accomplish vt.完成，实现
accomplishment n.完成，成就
篇6：雅思和托福阅读类型
托福阅读文章类型
一、托福阅读文章出处以及选材范围
作为一项语言能力测试，托福阅读备考是考查考生能否具备足够的语言交流能力，以期在北美完成正常的学习任务和研究工作。因此，其阅读文章原型大都选自美国大学本科生使用的教材，以达到最佳的模拟测试效果。文章的选材范围极其广泛，涉及有自然科学包括：天文学、地质学、生物学、气象学等;人文科学包括：艺术美学、考古学、语言学、文学等;社会科学包括：政治学、经济学、教育学、人类学等交叉学科。
从选材范围可见：托福阅读的文章内容对考生知识存储量的广度有一定的要求，但同时考虑到考生来自于不同的专业，对于其他学科往往不具备专业素质，因此为了遵守考试公平性原则，文章均不对其所述及的学科做过多深入的探讨。
二、托福阅读的文章类型及 篇章段落结构
根据托福阅读文章的出处及选材范围，我们可以将这些文章归为三类：说明文、议论文、史实文。三者合一统称为：学术性文章。这种类型的文章，必须具备说理性特质，即行文逻辑大都遵循着相对固定的结构模式。
一句话：托福阅读文章的 篇章结构有规律可寻，段落组成有原则可守：
1、学术性文章的 篇章结构：
在学术性文章中，一般需要具备三个组成部分：
(1)Topic 话题：即文章的主角是什么。比如讲解某个科学理论、研究某种社会现象，探讨某个历史事件;
在托福文章中，这种导入性信息往往出现在篇首位置。考生可以根据篇首段信息对整篇文章所要讨论的核心内容有所了解;
(2)Aspects 方面：即将篇首的话题延伸拓展为若干个方面进行阐述说明。若话题为某个科学论点，则方面可能分为若干个支持论据;若话题为某种自然现象，则方面可能分为若干个内外成因;若话题为某个历史事件，则方面为几段发展时期;
在托福阅读文章中，往往依照各个方面之间的层次关系，将各个方面拆分为若干个独立的自然段落，共同组成行文主体;
(3)Attitude态度：即文章的作者对于所讨论话题持怎样的态度。或是积极肯定，或是消极否定，或是保持中立。
Topic话题 + Aspects方面 + Attitude态度，这三要素加起来就是标准学术论文体的”T+A+A 篇章结构“。托福文章大都遵循这种结构，考生通过篇首段落信息来把控整个文章话题及大致讨论方向，再抓住文章的各个段落主旨，便可洞悉整个文章脉络和逻辑结构。
2、学术性文章的段落结构
学术性文章的自然段落，一般需要具备两个组成部分：
(1) Topic Sentence 主旨句：表达段落的主旨，即本段想要表达的核心内容是什么;
(2) Detail 细节：为了详细说明段落中心含义，所罗列的相关支持内容，即本段通过哪些例证来阐明主旨句。
Topic Sentence主旨句 + Detail细节，这两个要素加起来就是标准学术论文体的”TS+D段落结构“。托福文章段落大都遵循这种结构，考生通过段落主旨句就可以把握该段的中心含义。
总结：当考生们了解了这种TAA 篇章结构和TS+D段落结构的行文规律后，对文章框架的把握就会做到心里有数，更有利于提高阅读速度和定位有效信息的准确度。
三、托福阅读考试的量化指标
新托福阅读考试分为无阅读加试和有阅读加试两种。
无阅读加试的情况下，共有3篇文章，分为两个部分，第一部分为独立的1篇文章，考试时间为20分钟;第二部分为两篇文章，考试时间为40分钟，期间这两篇文章的考试时间可以自由分配。总体考试时间为两部分之和，即60分钟。
有阅读加试的情况下，在已有的3篇文章及60分钟答题时间的基础上，再加两篇文章，并作为一个部分，共计40分钟，加试期间的两篇文章的考试时间依然可以自由分配。总体考试时间为三部分之和，即100分钟。
雅思阅读三类常见文章类型
雅思阅读文章题材一、生物类话题
生物类的话题几乎是在雅思A类三篇文章中必然出现的一类话题，涉及到的内容有动物的生活习性、基因的研究、器官的研究、植物的光合作用、植物体内的叶绿素等。这些话题对于很多学生来讲并不十分熟悉，而且涉及到的专业术语多、句子复杂，因此很多学生感到做完题目都没弄懂文章的真正含义，这就需要我们在平时的阅读学习中积累这些话题的背景知识。
举一个简单的例子，阅读真题中曾经涉及过chlorophyll这样一个话题。很多考生认为chlorophyll给自己的解题造成了很大的障碍，因此认为这篇文章是典型的难度较高的考题。其实，从文章中的句子”Why some of the leaves turn red in autumn?” 就可以猜到这篇文章讲的是叶子秋天变红的原因。如果我们有生物学方面的知识，就能够猜出chlorophyll是叶绿素的意思。当我们在平时的背景知识积累中搜索到叶绿素的作用、叶绿素在植物叶子中的存在形式，以及随环境的变化叶绿素会产生变化这一类背景知识后，我们就能掌握这篇文章中很多段落的大意。在解决耗时较多的matching题时，就能节省更多的时间。
还有雅思考题中，涉及了动物如何建巢，动物居所的结构及作用这些内容，我们在平时积累生物学知识时，就要留心动物比如鸟类、昆虫是如何建造自己的巢穴的这些背景知识。
雅思阅读文章题材二、地理类话题
地理类话题也是阅读文章中常常摘选的内容，不过相比于上面的生物类，地理类的文章难度较高，因为地理现象涉及的专业名称更多、地名和各种地质现象也更加复杂，在积累地理类知识时，工作量是比较大的。
地理类知识范围很广，常见的有厄尔尼诺现象、气象观测、沙漠化、欧洲冰川等。我们可以在以上提到的那个网站中查到这些内容，当然，也不要拘泥于一个雅思文章的来源，可以多参阅一些与科学相关的英文报纸、杂志和网站。
雅思阅读文章题材三、社会科学类话题
社会科学是一个大类，包含了很多小的分支，比如教育、历史、考古、电脑、日历、垃圾问题、企业管理、音乐、数码产品等等。
这类文章的特点是，生僻词汇不如生物和地理类多，常识性的内容可以为我们解题提供很大的帮助，文章涉及的是我们平日生活的方方面面，但是范围广、细节知识多，喜欢出现数字、调查结果等。
在准备这类文章的背景知识时，建议考生可按照多多益善的原则，将社会科学类的话题进行筛选，把我们不太熟悉的历史、考古学等放在首位。比如 newscientist网站上最近刊登过的Great Pyramids Chamber of Secrets / How humans are driving evolution / People in threatened societies are more conformist等文章，都是非常好的素材，也是十分有可能出现在雅思阅读考试中的文章。建议大家在平时的阅读积累中，仔细研究一下这些文章，把自己陌生的社会科学领域着重看一看。
雅思和托福阅读的比较区别
首先，考试的用途，考试的时长以及形式。雅思(International English Language Testing System)考试是为申请赴英语国家(美国、英国、澳大利亚、加拿大、新西兰等)留学、移民的非英语国家学生而设，用来评定考生运用英语的能力。托福(The Test of English as a Foreign Language)大多数的美国大学或研究所要求外国学生在申请时提出过一定标准的托福考试成绩。就考试时间而言，雅思的考试时间是较短的，总长两时四十五分钟，但是因为口语要分开考，所以考上需要一天或一天半的时间才能完成整个考试。托福的时长为4个小时，听说读写各项是接连完成的。所以对于学生的体力以及脑力都是一个很大的考验。对于备考托福的学生来说要做好心理以及身体的准备都是非常的必要的。
内容的长度。虽说阅读是中国学生接触英语是从阅读开始，自小便读过很多东西。阅读在听说读写四科当中也算是中国学子的一个的长项，但是大部分的学子对如雅思托福搬的阅读长度还是受惊不少。托福给出的官方说明文章的字数是700字左右，根据托福TPO，在线测试以及OG中的文章进行统计平均每篇文章是700.7字。所以不管是官方数据还是统计数据还都是很接近的。在这些文章当中单词数量最多的也不会超过750，最少的也在650字以上。可见托福为了达到在额定时间考察学生英语能力的目的还是在字数上做了很严格的规定的。雅思阅读的文章长度平均每篇是900字以上，最多可至1500字左右。从这点看来雅思的字数要更加的灵活一点。本人认为字数多少并不一定决定文章的难度。因为托福和雅思在一点上是很像的，那就是要做对题目并不一定要读懂或者读完全文的。但是在字数上的的变化对于考生来说也是一个易变的因子，在本人看来所以的易变因子都会对考生产生一定的影响。
对于试题的形式以及数量。雅思常考的题型是8种，托福虽说有10种，但是其中可以将否定事实信息题和事实信息题归为一中，图标题是不太常考的，所以也是8中。在题目的考查形式上是略有不同的。托福全部是选择题(最后一道小结题为多选题)，雅思中还是会有填空。但是，所以题型的考查都是从文章细节以及长难句语言的理解的能力，以及定位和同意替换的技巧。同时，托福和雅思的各个题型也有各题型的解题技巧，各技巧也不一而别。在这一方面两者还是不相上下，平分秋色的。
阅读的词汇量要求方面。从这一方面来说，托福的词汇要求是八千，雅思的词汇要求是六千.但是数字上的比较托福就略微难了一点。而且托福阅读的选材更加注重生物类的考量，生物类的学科词汇在难度上也是值得一提的。所以数量上和“质量”上来说，托福的单词量要求是比较大的。而且，八千仅仅要求掌握的数量，实际在文章当中出现的数量远不止这些。如果对于猜词以及句子整理理解的能力不强的话，一些不需要识记的单词也会构成阅读的障碍，以至于成绩上会有很大的影响。
篇7：托福阅读和考研阅读哪一个难
【1】Evidence suggests that an important stimulus behind the rise of early civilizations was the development of settled agriculture, which unleashed a series of changes in the organization of human communities that culminated in the rise of large ancient empires.
【2】The exact time and place that crops were first cultivated successfully is uncertain. Many prehistorians believe that farming may have emerged in dependently in several different areas of the world when small communities, driven by increasing population and a decline in available food resources, began to plant seeds in the ground in an effort to guarantee their survival. The first farmers, who may have lived as long as 10,000 years ago, undoubtedly used simple techniques and still relied primarily on other forms of food production, such as hunting, foraging, or pastoralism. The real breakthrough took place when farmers began to cultivate crops along the floodplains of river systems. The advantage was that crops grown in such areas were not as dependent on rainfall and therefore produced a more reliable harvest. An additional benefit was that the sediment carried by the river waters deposited nutrients in the soil, thus enabling the farmer to cultivate a single plot of ground for many years without movingto a new location. Thus, the first truly sedentary (that is, nonmigratory) societies were born. As time went on, such communities gradually learned how to direct the flow of water to enhance the productive capacity of the land, while the introduction of the iron plow eventually led to the cultivation of heavy soils not previously susceptible to agriculture.
【3】The spread of this river valley agriculture in various parts of Asia and Africa was the decisive factor in the rise of the first civilizations. The increase in food production in these regions led to a significant growth in population, while efforts to control the flow of water to maximize the irrigation of cultivated areas and to protect the local inhabitants from hostile forces outside the community provoked the first steps toward cooperative activities on a large scale. The need to oversee the entire process brought about the emergence of an elite that was eventually transformed into a government.
【4】The first clear steps in the rise of the first civilizations took place in the fourth and third millennia B.C. in Mesopotamia, northern Africa, India, and China. How the first governments took shape in these areas is not certain, but anthropologists studying the evolution of human communities in various parts of the world have discovered that one common stage in the process is the emergence of what are called “big men” within a single village or a collection of villages. By means of their military prowess, dominant personalities, or political talents, these people gradually emerge as the leaders of that community. In time, the “big men” become formal symbols of authority and pass on that authority to others within their own family. As the communities continue to grow in size and material wealth, the “big men” assume hereditary status, and their allies and family members are transformed into a hereditary monarchy.
【5】The appearance of these sedentary societies had a major impact on the social organizations, religious beliefs, and way of life of the peoples living within their boundaries. With the increase in population and the development of centralized authority came the emergence of the cities. While some of these urban centers were identified with a particular economic function, such as proximity to gold or iron deposits or a strategic location on a major trade route, others served primarily as administrative centers or the site of temples for the official cult or other ritual observances. Within these cities, new forms of livelihood appeared to satisfy the growing need for social services and consumer goods. Some people became artisans or merchants, while others became warriors, scholars, or priests. In some cases, the physical division within the first cities reflected the strict hierarchical character of the society as a whole, with a royal palace surrounded by an imposing wall and separate from the remainder of the urban population. In other instances, such as the Indus River Valley, the cities lacked a royal precinct and the ostentatious palaces that marked their contemporaries elsewhere.
篇8：托福阅读和考研阅读哪一个难
1.词汇题，culminate表示”达到高峰“，选A。
2.细节题，Many prehistorians believe that farming may have emerged in dependently in several different areas of the world when small communities, driven by increasing population and a decline in available food resources, began to plant seeds in the ground in an effort to guarantee their survival.当食物来源短缺的时候来时种植粮食来维持生计，对应A选项：他们用农业来补充其他食物来源。
3.undoubtedly，毫无疑问的，理所当然的，选B。
4.定位于”The advantage was that crops grown in such areas were not as dependent on rainfall and therefore produced a more reliable harvest. An additional benefit was that the sediment earned by the liver waters deposited nutrients in the soil, thus enabling the farmer to cultivate a single plot of ground for many years without moving to a new location.里面提到了 not as dependent on rainfall.“不太依赖于降雨”，对应B选项：不完全依赖降水。同时也提到了“deposited nutrients in the soil”，在土壤中沉淀营养，对应A选项: 土壤营养丰富。
5.enhance，提高，增强，对应B。
6.provoke，激起，引起，对应D。
7.否定细节题：定位第二句 The increase in food production in these regions led to a significant growth in population, while efforts to control the flow of water to maximize the irrigation of cultivated areas and to protect the local inhabitants from hostile forces outside the community provoked the first steps toward cooperative activities on a large scale.中的“significant growth in population”对应 A 选项;“efforts to control the flow of water”对应B选项;protect the local inhabitants from hostile forces outside the community 对应C选项。因此D选项错误。
8.否定细节题：定位句“The first clear steps in the rise of the first civilizations took place in the fourth and third millennia B.C. in Mesopotamia, northern Africa. India, and China.出现地点 northern Africa, India and China”对应A选项。定位句“As the communities continue to grow in size and material wealth, the ”big men“ assume hereditary status,”提到了世袭制，对应B选项。定位句 By means of their military prowess, dominant personalities, or political talents, these people gradually emerge as the leaders of that community.对应C选项。定位句How the first governments took shape in these areas is not certain.与D选项相违背。因此D选项错误。
9.宏观题，第三段讲领导者即后来的政府形成的原因，第四段讲领导是如何形成的，选A。
10.句子简化题：原句逻辑whik表示对比转折;句子核心：城市中心的经济功 能以及管理中心的仪式功能。A选项句子对应两个核心，while的转折对比关系正确，因此A选项正确。
11.推断题：定位句 Within these cities, new forms of livelihood appeared to satisfy the growing need for social services and consumer goods.在这些城市只能给，新的生活形式的出现满足了不断增长的社会服务和消费品的需求。可以推断出有需求就有供给，就会出现与之相关的产业。
12.细节题：定位句 In some cases, the physical division within the first cities reflected the strict hierarchical character of the society as a whole, with a royal palace surrounded by an imposing wall and separate from the remainder of the urban population.意思是说通过建立高墙来建立严格的等级制度，将统治者和普通老板姓区分开来，对应C选项。
13.句子插入题：This was accompanied by increased professional specialization中的professional specialization职业专门化对应第四个方框之后句子中的 artisans or merchants, warriors, scholars, or priests。
14.Cultivation in fertile river valleys resulted in predictable harvests, which meant that farmers no longer needed to migrate constantly in search of food.正确。对应第二段 An additional benefit was that the sediment carried by the river waters deposited nutrients in the soil, thus enabling the farmer to cultivate a single plot of ground for many years without moving to a new location. Thus, the first truly sedentary (that is, nonmigratoiy) societies were born.因为土壤中含有丰富的营养.所以一块地农民可以种很多年，因此就不用迁移到别 的地方，最后就定居了。
The need to organize the effort to ensure the food supply and defend the land led to the formation of elite supervising groups that eventually became the first governments.正确。对应第三段的核心主旨：政府的形成。
Increasingly centralized forms of administration resulted in the emergence of social classes and in the development of cities as trade, administration, or religious centers.正确。对应第五段核心意思：中央集权导致了社会阶层和不同功能城市的形成。
