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篇1:人教版 高三 英语学案(Unit1-3)
Unit One That must be a record
一、短语:
1. in a soccer career 在足球生涯
2.first edition 第一版
3. the then director 当时的厂长
4. settle an argument about…
处理一个关于……的争议
5.a best seller 畅销书
6. ever since 从…以来都
7. be sent into 被收入
8. set down = write down=put down 记下,写下
9.keep track of 保持联系
9.in other ways 以另外的方式
10. be put into被放入;被翻译成
11. live to be 122 years 活到122岁
12. reach a length of 长达……
13. with an area of 面积有…..
14.stand out 突出,显著
15.next to 次于,在….之后
16. struggle against disease 同疾病做斗争
17.be diagnosed with cancer被诊断为癌症
18. go on to do 继续做某事
19.achieve his goal 达到目标
20.in a row 连续;一连串
21.lead sb to do 使某人做某事
22. in the first place 首先
23. be entertained by….因为…而高兴
24. make for 可造成;可成为;有好处
25.set a record 创造纪录
26.apply for 申请
27.get a certificate 取得证书
28. make an effort to do sth.努力做某事
29.win the bid for the 29th Olympic Games in 申奥成功
30. burst into cheers 热烈欢呼
31. get a better understanding of 更好地了解
32. A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.
一鸟在手,胜于群鸟在林
33. break a record 打破纪录
34. in ancient times 在古代
35.try new tricks on 尝试新花样
36. head down 开往;朝向
37. a skilful skateboarder 一个技术熟练的滑板者
38. together with = as well as 和;也
39. give permission 准许
40. hold a grand opening 举行一个盛大的开幕式
41. have been around 遍布各地;深入人心
42. be familiar to sb 对于某人来讲很熟悉
43. capture the hearts and minds 捕捉心理
44. be willing to do 乐意做某事
45. extreme sports 极限运动
46. center on 以…为中心
47. overcome your fears 克服你的恐惧
48. regular sports 常规运动
49. defeat the other team 打败另一队
50. beauty, harmony and thrills 美感,和谐和刺激
51. have no clear rules about winning or losing
对胜负没有明确之分
52. heart beats faster 心跳加速
53. concentrate on 集中;全神贯注于
二、句型
1.The Guinness company hired two Englishmen to write what later became the Guinness Book of World Records.
2. The first edition was published in 1955 and has been a best seller ever since.
3. Impressive as the record is, it fades next to the story of Armstrong’s struggle against disease.
4. Part of the reason for our interest is probably the same curiosity that led sir Hugh to write the Guinness Book of World Records in the first place.
5. Whether we are out to set a new record ourselves or simply enjoy reading about champions, the Guinness Book of World Records makes for interesting reading.
6. All of our schoolmates were here, as well as many of our parents and other kids from the neighborhood.
7. Once you are Xperienced, your life will truly change.
三、部分知识点讲解。
1. then adj.(形容词)being so at that time:当时的:the then chairman of the board.当时的委员会主席
2. conclude vt. 作出结论,断定;终止; 决定
conclude that….
come to the conclusion that... 所得结论是..., 断定;draw the conclusion得出结论,推断
leap(jump) to a conclusion 冒然断定,过早下结论;in conclusion = lastly 最后,总之
The doctor concluded that the patient's disease was cancer.医生断定病人患的是癌症。
The judge concluded that the accused was guilty.法官判定被告有罪。
We concluded not to wait any more.我们决定不再等待了。
In conclusion I’ d like to say that you did it very well.
3. hire租用,租;雇用: take on, employ, rent
The fruit is picked by hired laborers.这些水果是由雇佣工采摘的。
This car is for hire.这辆车是出租的。
◆都含“租用”或“出租”的意思。
hire 有“雇”、“短期租借”的意思(人、物作宾语);hire servants雇佣人。
hire a hall for an evening租礼堂用一晚上。
rent指“较长期地租用或租出(房屋、土地等)”(物作宾语);rent a house租房子
4. what later became ….后来成为……的东西
1)what与that 在引导名词性从句时的区别:what的含义是“所……的东西”,在所有名词性从句中须充当一定的句子成分,而that则不充当任何句子成分且无词义。
He said (that) he was not interested in it. 他说他对这件事不感兴趣。(宾语从句)
He did what he could to help me.他尽力帮助我。(宾语从句)
That he was chosen made us very happy.他的当选使我们很高兴。(主语从句)
What we need is more time. 我们所需要的是多些时间。(主语从句)
They are just what we need.这些正是我们所需要的。(表语从句)
The reason why he didn't come was that he was badly ill.他没来的原因是他得了重病。(表语从句)
5. ever since (then) adv.从那时到现在, since then其后, 从此一直
◆since
①conj.从...以来; ...以后;因为; 既然; 鉴于;
We have both changed since we parted.分别以来我们彼此都变了。
It was three years since we had been there.我们在那儿已呆了三年。
Since that is so, there is no more to be said.既然如此, 再没什么可说的了。
②adv.(和完成时连用)(=since then)以后, 后来, 以来
I have not seen him since.(那时)以后我没见到过他。
6. set sth. down写下来
set sb. down 使坐;停车让乘客下车;
7. keep track of sb./ sth.;It’s hard to keep track of all one’s old school friends.
lose track of:lose track of time说不准现在的确切时间
8.live to be 活到 (不定式 to be 作结果状语)
She lived to be 80. 她活到了八十岁。
类似结构:
prove /turn to be…证明是;结果是
9. balance n. 天平;平衡;谐调,匀称;余额
Have you brought something to weigh the flesh? A balance?
balance of nature; keep/lose one’s balance
All the parts of the building are in perfect balance.
v. 使……保持平衡;结算;等价,抵消
How long can you balance on one foot?
balance an account / one’s books 结帐
This year’s profits will balance our previous losses.
10. stand out突出;杰出;明显;醒目;坚持;支撑;容忍;允许
to stand out a crisis挨过危机; Stand still ! 站住,不许动!
stand by 在场;靠近; 袖手旁观; stand by one's promise 遵守诺言
stand down退出竞选;离开证人席; stand for代表,表示;意指;象征
stand in当替身;代替; stand up耐久;耐用; 成立
Will the charge stand up in court? 这个指控在法庭上能成立吗?
stand up for维护;拥护;支持
11. next to 在……旁边;跟在……之后;几乎,近于;仅次于
He lives next to me.
Next to skiing her favorite sport was ice-hockey.我最喜欢的运动是滑雪,其次是冰球。
next to impossible 几乎不可能
next to last 倒数第二
next to nothing(none)差不多没有, 很少
12. Impressive as the record is, it fades next to the story of Armstrong’s struggle against disease.
◆As 引导让步状语从句(部分倒装)(课后注释)
Impressive as the record is = Though the record is impressive
Angry as he was, he listened to me patiently. 他很恼火,却能耐心地听我说话。
The air was cold, bright as the sun was. 虽然阳光灿烂,天气却很冷。
Child as he is, he knows a lot.
◆复习:though, although, in spite of, despite
◆fade vi. 从视觉﹑听觉或记忆中渐渐消失
The sound of the cheering faded away in the distance. (=died away)欢呼声在远方渐渐消失。
As evening came, the coastline faded into darkness.夜幕降临时,海岸线消失在黑暗中。
The memory of her son will never fade from her mind.她永远忘不了她的儿子。
13. set a record
beat(break, cut)the(a)record 打破记录;hold record保持记录;keep a record (of) 记下来, 记录;set (up) a new record创新纪录
14. achieve one’s goal
in a row 连续, 一连串 ;in rows 成行, 成排,排列着
China women volleyball team won five champions in a row in the 1980s.
They planted the trees in rows.
15. in the first place首先, 第一点;in the last place最后;in the next place其次, 第二点; ;in place of 代替,用...而不用…;in places 在某些地方, 有几处;in one’s place处于某人的位置, 为某人设身处地想一想;make place for为……腾出地方, 让位于; take one's place就座, 入座; 占有 地位;代替某人; 接替某人的位置;take the place of 代替;take place发生, 举行
The darkest place is under the candlestick. [谚]灯台只照人不照己(意指当事者往往最不了解情况)。
There is no place like home. [谚]作客固佳, 在家更好; 在家千日好, 出门一时难。
16. make for v. ①有利于,有助于;②(尤指匆匆地)走向, 倾向于, 导致;向……前进
Small details can make for comfort. 一些小节可令人舒适。
This visit made for better communication between us.这次访问促进了我们之间的更好的交流。
The large print makes for easier reading.大号字体便于阅读。
Does early rising make for good health? 早起有利于健康吗?
17.apply for vi.申请
◆apply ( to sb.) for sth.向(某人)申请某物 ;apply to do sth. 申请干某事
◆ vt. 应用;运用 apply sth. to sth.
◆ vi.适用;产生作用;有直接联系:apply to sb./ sth. ;apply oneself to (doing) sth. =devote oneself to (doing) sth. 专心从事/埋头于…
application n. u申请,请求,n. c申请书;applicant n.c 申请人;applicable adj.使用的,合适的
18. confirm vt.
19. result vi.; n.
result in=lead to/cause/bring about 导致
result from…=be caused by 由…导致/造成
His carelessness resulted in failure. 他的粗心造成了失败。
Failure resulted from his carelessness. 失败是由他的粗心导致的。
20.be fascinated by 被…迷住;be fascinated with迷上…
21. burst into sth.=burst out doing sth. 突然而猛烈地发出或产生某物
~ into cheers/laughter/tears/screams=burst out cheering/laughing/crying /screaming突然喝彩/大笑/大哭/尖叫
22 head 前往;朝向;head down to ;head for(更常用);head north
When I saw the car heading for me, I stepped aside.
Clouds are gathering. I think we’d better head for the hotel in case it starts to rain.
23. inspect[In5spekt] vt.①检查;审查;②视察;调查
He inspected the car before he bought it.他买这辆车之前仔细检查了一下。
The government sent sb. to inspect our school.政府派人来视察我们学校。
24. be around来(访),come around来(访);到来
25. an outgoing personality开朗的性格
a warm, outgoing personality.热情友好的个性
26. ◆familiar
sb. be familiar with sth. 某人对…熟悉/通晓; sb. be familiar with sb.与某人过分亲热;sth. be familiar to sb. 为某人所熟悉;familiarity n. 熟悉,亲密;◆similar:
be similar to 与…相似/类似;similarity n. 相似,相似之点
27.A new generation of sports is capturing the hearts and minds of people who are willing to try something new. 新一代的体育运动占据了想尝试新鲜事物的人们的所有心思。
capture: vt. 捕获;占领;赢得
Our task was to capture a number of these monkeys alive. 我们的任务是活捉许多猴子。
He captured first place in the men’s broad jump with a leap of 7.51 meters.
他以7.51米的成绩取得了男子跳远的第一名
28 center v.
(1) center on /upon 将…当作中心或重点; 集中于
Their talks always center on politics. 他们的谈话总是围绕着政治。
The discussion centers on the most important questions.
(2) center sth. on /upon 将某物集中在…上/集中于….
29 concentrate vt.
1) 集中:~ (one’s thought/attention…) on/upon…集中(思想/注意力…) 于…
We must ~ our attention on efficiency. 我们必须把注意力集中在效率上。
2) 聚集, 集结=center
Our population is concentrated in the big cities. 我国人口集中在大城市里。
concentrate on/upon全神贯注;专心致志于;全力以赴;专心
She couldn't concentrate on a book very long. 她不能长时间专心读一本书。
n. concentration camp 集中营
30.delight n.
1) 欣喜,愉快 [U]=joy
to one’s delight令…高兴的是 ;with delight兴高采烈/高兴地 ;take/find delight in以…为乐
2) 乐事,乐趣[C] He enjoyed the delights of New York's night life. 他喜欢纽约夜生活的乐趣。
vt. 使高兴;使愉快=please
The clown ~ed the audience. 小丑逗乐了观众。
I'm delighted that you are back. 你回来了,我很高兴。
We were delighted to read your novel. 我们很高兴拜读你的小说。
be delighted by/with sth. 因…而高兴
31.register
1) vt.登记,注册,申报; (仪表等)标示,;记录=read
He went to the city hall to register the birth of his son. 他去市政厅为他儿子作出生登记。
The thermometer registered 70 degrees. 温度计显示七十度。
2) vi.登记,注册
I registered at a hotel near the train station. 我在靠近火车站的一家旅馆登记住宿
Unit 2 Crossing Limits
一、课程标准要求掌握的项目:
1. 话题: Talking about exploring the world.
2. 词汇:evaluate, various, key, origin, equip, puzzle, wealthy, Asian, African, ambassador, wander, motherland, existence, navy, treasure, command, royal, embassy, zebra, volunteer, radium, dam, suggest, accomplish, sickness, unable, sacred, refer, aircraft, arise, evidence, chairman, praise, in the name of, in exchange for, set sail, in return, bring up, apart from, refer to, run out
3. 功能:形式评估和做出决定:Judging situation and making decisions
…, all nations in the world agreed…
Some would say…
We should, however, realize…
二、课文中出现的词组
1. make decisions about… 做出…决定
2. take possession of… 占有,占领
3. in the name of… 以……名义
4. be equipped with… 配备,装备
5. a state key project 国家重点工程
6. masses of… 大量的
7. have contact with…接触到…,和…有联系
8. in exchange for… 交换
9. be known to sb. 为某人所知
10. on/ off the coast of…在……海岸
11. be taken prisoner 被俘获
12. refer to…查阅, 提到, 谈到,涉及
13. date from=date back to…自某时代存在至今,追溯到,属于(某一历史时期),始于
14. reach the height of one’s power 达到了权利的顶峰
15. have the will to do sth.有意做……
16. under the command of…在…的指挥下
17. set sail 扬帆起航
18. renew relations with…恢复和……的关系
19. in return 作为回报
20. apart from 远离,除……之外
21. adjust to… 适应,调节,调整
22. rely on 依赖,依靠
23. run out 用完;耗尽; 强使离去;驱逐 25.make an attempt to do sth.试图做……
26. leave behind 留下,遗留
27.base on 以…为基础,以…为根据
28.argue for / against 赞成/反对…
29.lose one’s interest in…对……失去兴趣
30.in search of / in one’s search for…寻找
31.concentrate on…集中,全神贯注于……
32.be active in =take an active part in 积极参加…
33.by accident =by chance 偶然
34.more or less 或多或少,几乎
35.hear about/ of 听说
36.turn out to be…结果是, 证明是
37.sail westward 向西航行
38.on earth 在世上,究竟
39.act as 担当
40.bring up照料,教育(小孩);抚养
41. make / find one’s way to… 行进,前行
42.be up against 面临,必须对付(困境或对手)
43. make a voyage /journey / trip
go on a voyage / journey / trip
44. a large sum of money 一大笔钱
45. be praises as… 被誉为…
46.in common with…和……一样
三、句型
1. It is well known that Africa had contacts with India and the Red Sea civilizations form the earliest times.
2. It was a major development that the Africans were reaching out to China.
3. The wonderful gift and the contact with the black court so excited China’s curiosity about Africa that Zheng He sent a message to the king and to other African states, inviting them to send ambassadors and open embassies in the new Ming capital, Beijing.
4. The exchange of goods had a symbolic meaning far more important than the value of the goods themselves.
5. All that was left to be conquered was the “third pole”, the highest mountain on earth, Mount Qomolangma.
6. some suggested that it not be accomplished.
7. Climbing at such high altitudes requires great skill and is not without risk.
8. Apart from the cold, thin air and low oxygen levels can cause mountain sickness, which can kill.
9. They had no idea what they were up against and failed to reach the top.
10. The local Tibetans and Sherpas laughed at the strange bottles containing what they referred to as “English air”.
11. In later years the question arose who was the first in the team to reach the top.
12. When their oxygen ran out, they had no chance of surviving.
13. The New Zealander Edmund Hillary and the Sherpa Tenzing Norgay, as members of a British team, were the first to make it to the summit of Mount Womolangma.
14. Tasman sailed past Australia without seeing the continent, but discovered Tasmania and the west coast of New Zealand, which he thought was part of the southern continent.
15. What he needed was a new pair of glasses because what he had seen were not people but penguins.
16. He was positive about the existence of a large unknown continent, and believed its northern coast to be lying somewhere in the Pacific Ocean.
17. Unable to find it, he decided to set sail for New Zealand, which had already been discovered by the Dutch.
三、部分知识点讲解
1.various adj.各种各样的。不同的
He analyzed the various factors. 他分析了各种不同因素。
Of all the various ways of cooking an egg,I like boiling best.
various,varied都可作“各种各样的”解,大部分情况下可通用,但varied可表示“正在变化之中的”,如:a varied life。
2.in the name of以……的名义。代表
I arrest you in the name of the law. 我以法律的名义逮捕你。
The prime minister spoke in the name of the King.部长代表国王讲话。
I opened an account in the bank in your name.我以你的名义在银行开了一个账号。
by name用(靠、按)名字,名叫;by the name of名叫……;of the name of名字叫……;name after以……命名
3.accurate adj.精确的。准确的。正确无误的
His information was accurate.他的信息很准确。accurate强调“精确无误”。如:
in accurate calculation精确的计算
correct按一定标准没有差错。如:I correct answer正确的答案
right很多情况下可与correct互换,但常有道德上认可的含义,如:
the right course of action正确的行动方针
4. suggest vt.
(1)提议,建议。后跟动名词、that从句(从句中谓语动词用should do,should可省略)
suggest sth.to sb.
He suggested the idea to me. 他向我提出那种想法。
I suggest going there at once.我建议立刻去那里。
The teacher suggested that we do our homework now.老师建议我们现在就做作业。
(2)使人想起,暗示
His pale face suggests that he is i11.他的苍白的脸色表明他病了。
5. accomplish vt.达到(目的)。完成(任务),实现(计划)
This task is accomplished by great effort.完成这项任务花了很大力气。
He accomplished a great deal during his first year.第一年他就取得了很多成绩。
It is the workers who will accomplish this task.就是工人们将完成这项任务。
accomplish指做到底,实现一个计划,如:
to accomplish a trip完成一次旅行
finish指完成日常的事,如:
He finished the homework.他完成了作业。
complete指加上缺少的部分,如:
to complete the sentence把句子补充完整
6. apart from除……外
He works until nine o‘clock every evening,and that’s quite apart from the work he does over the weekend.他每天晚上工作到9点,这还不算他周末加班。
Apart from the salary,ifs not a bad job.除工资(偏低)外,这工作不错。
Apart from you and me,I don’t think there was anyone there under thirty.
除你我之外,我认为没有人在30岁以下。
There can be no knowledge apart from practice.
不可能有脱离实践的知识。
归纳拓展:apart from , in addition(to) , besides, as well (as) ,except for ,except, but
(1)apart from这个复合介词兼有“除外”和“包括”的双重意义。
(2)以下短语或单词意义相近,均表示“除……之外还有 ……”这一“附加”意义。
in addition(to) besides as well(as)
(3)以下短语或单词均表示“除……之外没有……”这一“排除”意义。
except for except but
7.arise vi.出现。发生;由……引起。由……发生
A difficulty arose right here. 困难就在这里。
How did the quarrel arise? 这次争吵是怎么引起的?
Originally,organic compounds were thought to arise from life processes.
最初有机化合物是由生命过程产生的。
rise vi.升起,上涨;raise vt.举起,提高,提升,提出;饲养(羊、鸡等),抚养(子女等),招募(军队等),募捐(钱等)。
8.in exchange for交换。互换
He gave me an apple in exchange for a cake. 他给我一个苹果,换一块蛋糕。
They were given food and shelter in exchange for wor用劳动换取食物和栖身之处。
9.bring up教育;养育;提出;引出;呕吐;to bring up the question提出问题
She was brought up by her grandparents. 她是由爷爷奶奶带大的。
He brought up all the food he had eaten. 他把吃下的食物都呕吐出来了。
归纳拓展:bring in获利;赚;bring about带来,引起;bring down使……降低
The boys bring in£60 a week. 这些男孩子每周赚60镑。
How much did the sideline bring the farmer family in last year?
去年副业使这家农户增加了多少收入?
The Internet has brought about big changes in the way we work.
因特网使我们的工作方式发生了很大变化。
We’d better wait till they bring down their prices. 我们最好等他们降价。
§2.2发散思维
run out of用光。用尽
We are running out of water. 我们的水要用尽了。
We ran out of petrol yesterday. 昨天我们用光了汽油。
比较:All our supply of food has run out. 我们所有的食品供应都用光了。
We decided we had better go home,before our money ran out.
我们决定最好在钱用光之前回家。
表示“用光、用尽”的还有:use up,give out
All those I had are used up.我所有的都用光了。
They have used up their money.他们用光了钱。
The fuel gave out.燃料用光了。
You can’t have a hot bath-the water will give out.你不能洗热水澡了。要没水了。
从以上例子可看出,虽然这些词组都表示“用光、用完”,但use up,run out of为及物动词,而run out,give out为不及物动词。
归纳拓展:run into遇上,偶然遇到;陷于,碰上(困境、麻烦等)
I ran into Emma on my way home.我在回家的路上碰到了Emma。
If you run into difficulties,try to overcome them.如遇困难,要努力去克服。
Unit 3 The Land down under
一、课程标准要求掌握的项目
1、话题:Talking about Australia history, geography, nature, customs and culture
2、词汇:strait, islander, fellow, criminal, govern, governor, resemble, diverse, transform, immigration, strengthen, differ, pronunciation, vocabulary, female, concept, chew, chairwoman, entire, mine, fence, outdoors, birthplace, outing, lemonade, barbecue, roast, steak, barrier, pointed, claw, hairy, medium, bushy, as a consequence (of), break out, feed…on, round up
3、功能:复习表达禁止与警告的日常用语(Expressing prohibitions and warnings )
Look out! Be careful! Take care! Don’t (do)…, Never (do)…, you’d better (not do)…
You can’t / mustn’t…, If you…, you’ll…, you are not allowed to
4、词组
1) stay safe 保持安全
2) an experienced outback guide
3) a ten-day trip 十天的旅行
4) go bushwalking/cycling/surfing
去灌木丛中散步/去骑自行车/去冲浪
5) warn sb. of…提醒某人注意/提防……
6) be made up of…=consist of 由……组成
7) be surrounded by…被……包围
8) stand for…代表
9) be used to do /be used to doing…
10) the first Australians 首批澳大利亚人
11) at least 至少
12) be chosen as…被选为……
13) be known as…被称之为……
14) be harmful to…对……有害
15) as a consequence 结果
16) take away from 剥夺
17) have an influence on…=have an effect on/upon =influence sb/sth =affect sb/sth
18) suffer from…遭受
19) transform…into…把……转变成
20) benefit from…受益于 21) improve one’s living conditions
22) differ from…be different form 与……不同get away from 逃离
23) daily life 日常生活
24) set foot on…踏上……
25) sense of responsibility 责任感
26) be connected to…与……相连接
27) lay eggs 产卵,下蛋
28) feed…on…用……喂养
29) give birth to 生产,产生
30) keep out (of )不使……入内
31) round up 聚拢
32) depend on 依赖,依靠,取决于
33) all the year round 一年到头
34) on an open fire 在篝火上
35) hand down 传下来
36) become /be experienced at 在……有经验
37) lack of 缺乏
38) die from 死于……
39) in addition to…除……之外
40) be intended for…
41) other than 不同于,除了
5. 句型
1. Sydney is perhaps Australia’s most famous city, but the capital of Australia is Canberra, a city located between Sydney and Melbourne.
2. Some Australian Aborigines still live in a similar way to their ancestors, while others live in cities, towns and the country in the same way as their fellow Australians.
3. Later, when the American War of Independence made it impossible for England to send prisoners to North America, Australia was chosen as a new place where prisoners and criminals were sent.
4. It would be many years until Australia learnt to respect Aborigines and recognize the importance of a diverse society.
5. While some of the Aboriginal languages have been lost, people are trying hard to protect and record what is left.
6. Scientists have discovered that the Aborigines were among the first to create rock art and to make tools.
7. It was not until the 1960s that the Australian government came to realize the importance of passing laws to strengthen the rights of the “first Australians”.
8. Only in this way could the people in Australia build a society of diverse cultures.
9. Having been separated from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plant and animals that cannot be found anywhere else in the world.
10. In area it is approximately the same size as the USA ,which, however, has more than fourteen times as many people.
6. 部分知识点讲解:
people 的含义
(1) 相当于persons (一个以上的人) There are many people in the room
(2) 指persons in general 人们。What will people think of this?人们将如何看待这件事?
(3) 指all the ordinary members of a state 人民(与the连用)serve the people heart and soul
(4) 指those persons who live in a particular place or have a particular nationality 某一地的居民或具有某一国籍的人民。the people of London 伦敦居民,the British people 英国人民
(5) 指nation (民族),race (人种),tribe (部落)等,此时people为单数,其复数形式为peoples
the peoples of the world 世界各民族;Europe is made up of many peoples.
典型例题:The Chinese people(人民)are a hardworking people (民族)。
fellow 的含义
(1) 人,男人 Paul is an easy-going sort of fellow.保罗是个随和的人。
(2) 朋友(用语友好地称呼男人)。Hello my dear fellow!你好,亲爱的朋友!
(3) 伙伴们(指工作的同事或学校的同学)He’s much more serious than his school fellows.
(4) [重要学会的]会员,[学院的]董事,研究员
(5) [形容词] 同事,同学,同胞等;She ignored her fellow passengers throughout the whole journey.
claim vt(根据权利)要求,认领,索赔; 自称;主张
Did you claim on the insurance after your car accident?
She claims that she is related to the Queen.
She claims to be related to the Queen.
as a consequence 结果,后果
as a consequence= in consequence/as a result
After graduation, he became quite lazy. As a consequence, he lost what he owned.
in consequence of =as a result of/because of/due to/owing to
In consequence of his rudeness, he was fired by his boss
make up 和解,和好;虚构,编造;化妆;补偿,弥补;凑钱 be made up of 由……组成
It is very hard to make up the quarrel between the couple.
Don’t make up any excuse to cheat me.
I find no time to make myself up every day.
Hard work can make up for a lack of intelligence.
Have you made up the money for your class?
while
(1) while并列连词,表示对比或对照 Mr Smith is a play writer while his wife is a famous actress.
⑵while当……的时候,引导时间状语从句 While working in the office, he found a stranger steal in.
⑶while表示让步,“虽然,尽管” While the parents love the children, they are strict with them.
篇2:仿句学案(高三必修)
仿句学案(人教版高三必修)
【内容重点】⒈仿句的要求⒉仿句的做题思路
【教学过程】
一、何为仿句
仿句:即仿例(仿照例句)造句(造新句),就是按照题目要求运用相应的修辞方法和句式,再另外写出与之相仿的句子。是一 种既有限制但又留有较大创造空间的语言运用性主观题型,这种题型不仅涉及语法结构、修辞,而且还关联到语言的连贯与衔接、句 意格调的和谐与一致,同时还能检验各种知识的储量与思维品质。因此备受高考命题者的青睐。
二、例题分析
例 1、( 09全国卷1)仿照下面的示例,自选话题,另写三个句子,要求所写句子形成排比,句式与例相同。(6分)
工作是等不来的,有无机会,看你怎么争取;业绩是要不来的,有无成效,看你怎么努力;前途是盼不来的,有无出路,看你怎么奋斗。
答:这道题仿写的三个句子,要前后相联,共同表达一个完整的意思,内容积极健康。注意例句形式“…是…,有无…,看你…”,要形成排比;内容上有选择的表达意味,“工作”“ 业绩”“前途”有递进。
1、爱情是等不来的,有无爱人,看你怎么追求;
婚姻是求不来的,有无美满,看你怎么经营;
幸福是找不来的,有无温馨,看你怎么体会。
2、技艺是捡不来的,有无水平,看你怎么锻炼;
成就是抢不来的,有无功业,看你怎么勤奋;
荣耀是哭不来的,有无地位,看你怎么拼搏。
3、爱情是买不来的,有无真心,看你怎么灌溉;
幸福是购不到的,可否如意,看你怎么呵护;
永恒是唤不出的,能否长久,看你如何浇铸
【思路分析】这是一道仿句题。做这样的题,要找准句式,化仿句为填空,仔细申准题目的隐含条件,选择合适的切入角度,反复斟酌修饰词语。
答案: 内容贴切,给2分;形成排比,给2分;句式相同,给2分;有文采,给1分。
例 2、(海南、宁夏卷)仿照下面的示例,自拟一个描写对象,写一组句子,要求所写句子使用比喻和拟人的修辞手法。
这满山遍野的桃花,开得热火朝天,惊天动地,是一幅立体的画,一首无声的诗,把青春挥洒得淋漓尽致。
【答案】这一望无际的草原,绿得豪情洒脱,策马奔腾,是一座豪迈的森林,一匹俊美的马,将豪情演绎得活灵活现。
这雄壮巍峨的高山,钻入云霄,顶天立地,似一个钢铁巨人,一座通天宝塔,把伟岸展示与世人面前。
【解析】例句是“……的……,是……的…………的,把……”的句式,修辞上采用了比喻、拟人。
【思路分析】仿写追求“形似”这只是其表,追求“神似”才是其根本。考生仿写时要注意首先要在句式上、语气上、修辞上、风格上与例句保持一致。
例3.(09安徽卷)将下面的'短语组成两副七字对联,并填写在相应的横线上。(4分)
芝兰绕阶 黄牛耕地 翠柳迎春 桃李满目
千里绿 春绣锦 座凝香 万山金
新春对联__________________ 教师办公室对联__________________
新 春 对 联:翠柳迎春千里绿 黄牛耕地万山金
【答案】新春对联:翠柳迎千里绿 黄牛耕地万山金
教师办公室对联:桃李满园春秀锦 芝兰绕阶座凝香
【解析】该题属于老题新考,变化一下形式,也是为了降低难度。考生只要具备简单的对联知识就能做好。如上下联词句结构、意义相关,数量短语对数量短语,仄起平落等等。
三、仿句的要求
1,话题:仿句在话题上要与例句保持一致,做到材料紧扣中心,事例典型合理。
2、结构: 仿句的成分组合方式、修饰限制语的构成方式,均应与例句保持一致。
3、修辞: 仿句时应当运用与例句相同的修辞方法,所以应仔细研读例句所用的辞格,如 比喻、排比、对比、拟人、反复、设问、反问、引用等。
4、句式:仿句句式要与例句相同。句式包括陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句,主动句、被动句,长句、短句,散句、整句,单句、复句,等等。
5、表达: 仿写的句子应做到语言通顺、用词得当、简洁明确,不能出现不合逻辑、牵强附会、浅薄幼稚的说法。:
6、色彩: 这里的“色彩”包括语体色彩和感情色彩。
7、字数: 对于某些仿句题,仿写时还应注意字数.
四、解题方法点拨:
(一)修辞“依胡芦画瓢”
仿写题基本上要求运用适当的修辞或句式。这正体现了《考试说明》中“正确运用常见的修辞方法”的要求,着重在“运用”上考查修辞,对促进语言表达水平的提高是很好的导向。
(二)结构“循规蹈矩”
在仿造句子的过程中,不仅要注意修辞形式的高度统一,而且要注意句子结构形式的高度一致,仿造出来的句子一定要与提供的例句结构相同。
这种题型大多要求句式一致,那就要看例句是何种句式:是复句还是单句。如是复句,仿句也应是复句,且假设、因果、递进、并列等复句关系也应一致:如是单句,仿句也应是单句,且主、谓、宾、定、状、补的位置相一致。
(三)内容“前后兼顾” 仿写时应注意四要四防止:
1、话题要“从一而终”,防止脱离轨道。
2、修辞要“依葫芦画瓢”,防修辞运用失当。
3、结构上要“循规蹈矩”,防盲目随意。
4、内容上要“百花齐放”,防格调不高。
五、课堂练习:
1、(09天津卷)阅读下列文字,按要求作答。(4分)
旅途是一幅展开的山水长卷大漠孤烟直,长河落日圆,松间明月,石上清泉……一路走来,尽收眼底;细细品味,意趣盎然。那岸边的垂柳,柔条如发,随风摇曳;__________________,__________________,__________________。置身于旭日清风的抚慰,流连于茂林修竹的环抱,静听鸟语,轻嗅花香,有何胸中块垒不可化解?有何尘世污秽不可荡涤?
仿照“岸边的垂柳,柔条如发,随风摇曳”一句,在下面横线处将上文补写完整。
答:路边的小花,纤蕊若斯,带露绽开。
仿写,要注意审题,判断被仿的句子的语言格式:话题,主旨、修辞,句式、语言色彩等内容。通过审题可知所选的话题应该在“旅途”这个范围之内,主旨是旅途中的兴味意趣,修辞运用比喻的手法,句式采用四字格短句,语言色彩应该是甜美喜悦的。在审题的基础上,可以选择话题来仿写
2.(09年辽宁卷)仿照下面的示例,自拟两个对象,另写三个句子,要求使用比喻和比拟来表现两个对象之间的关系。
我的祖国和我,像海和浪花一朵;
浪是海的赤子,海是浪的依托;
每当大海在微笑,我就是笑的漩涡。
【答案】示例:我的学校和我,像森林和小鸟一只;
小鸟是森林的歌唱者,森林是鸟的家,;
每当森林在合唱时,小鸟是声音最嘹亮的一个。
【解析】题干中提示“两个对象” “三个句子”“ 比喻和比拟”两种修辞,还有“两个对象之间的关系”这个主题,这是仿写时要注意的内容。
【思路点拨】仿写题解答的难度在于正确运用修辞和句式来表达预设的主题,着需要考生有很活跃的思维,还要有开阔的视野,能够在短时间内打开思路,发现灵感,写出优美的句子。
3. (09重庆卷)在下面横线处各补上一句话。要求:语意连贯,句式一致,形成完整的排比句。(4分)
人要懂得尊重自己,尊重自己所以不苟且,不苟且所以有品位;人要懂得尊重别人,___________________,_____________________;人要懂得尊重自然,___________________,___________________。
答案:尊重别人所以不狂妄,不狂妄所以有修养;尊重自然所以不胡为,不胡为所以有理性。
蔡晓鹏
篇3:《柳毅传书》导学案 (高三选修)
《柳毅传书》导学案 (苏教版高三选修)
蒋胜石
学习目标:
1、由小说波澜起伏的情节入手,体会其中的传奇性和浪漫主义色彩。
2、抓住主要人物的言行,分析他们各自的性格特点。
3、理解小说的思想观念。
资料链接:
中国古代小说的发展:
起源:先秦神话传说
发展:魏晋志怪小说(笔记小说)
成熟:唐传奇唐传奇 是在汉魏六朝志怪小说的'基础上,吸收了市民文学的营养而发展起来的,由文人写成的文言短篇小说。内容大体可分为:爱情、豪侠、讽刺三个大类。唐传奇代表作品:白行简 《李娃传》、蒋防《霍小玉传》李朝威《柳毅传》元稹《莺莺传》
进步:宋元话本,明拟话本
高峰:明清的长篇章回小说(四大名著)
中国四大民间故事:
《梁山伯与祝英台》
《孟姜女》
《白蛇传》
《牛郎织女》
整体感知:
1、自读课文,思考全文是以什么为线索来展开故事情节的?试概括小说的故事情节。
分析赏析:
1、分析人物形象以及他们各自的性格:龙女 柳毅 钱塘君 洞庭君
2、作者运用什么艺术手法塑造钱塘君形象?
3、龙女的遭遇反映了怎样的社会现实?
4、柳毅为什么答应替龙女传书?他是否已对龙女有意?当钱塘君酒后逼婚时,柳毅为什么不肯答应娶龙女?
《柳毅传书》知识积累:(注:疏通全文,据个人情况每一项应作相应补充)
1、注音
诘( ) 迨( ) 黜( ) 襦( ) 祗( ) ( ) ( ) 怛( ) 罹( )
咤( ) 恸( ) 鬣( ) 掣( ) 霰( ) 雹( ) 幢节( ) 擘( ) e( )
飨( ) ( ) 宥( ) 忤( ) 怃( ) 瞽( )缱绻( )
2、重要词句
客于泾阳
妇始楚而谢
为婢仆所惑
恨贯肌骨
迨诉频切
是何可否之谓乎
景从云合
诚怛人心
上帝以寡人有薄德于古今
时有宦人密侍君者
又乖恳愿
而能急之
其去则然,其来则不然
飨德怀恩,词不悉心
3、一词多义
贱妾不幸
幸一闻焉
吾君方幸玄珠阁
高雅得幸于胡亥
坐贻聋瞽
但坐观罗敷
公子引侯生坐上座
停车坐爱枫林晚
乃前寄辞者
不迫辞候
归去来兮辞
固辞不受
疾告宫中
婴疾甚,且死
吾疾贫富不均
庞涓恐其贤于己,疾之
4、指出下面有活用现象的词语,并作解释。
①念乡人有客于泾阳者
②洞庭于兹,相远不知其几多也
③则皆矫顾怒步,饮甚异
④夫乃止毅
⑤景从云合,而见一人
⑥悲泗淋漓,诚怛人心
⑦愿得生归,以避复来
⑧幸为少尽缱绻
5、分析下面的句式
①见有妇人,牧羊于道畔
②贱妾不幸,今日见辱问于长者
③而夫婿乐逸,为婢仆所惑
④既而将诉于舅姑
⑤雕琉璃于翠楣,饰琥珀于虹栋
⑥洞庭君安在哉
⑦时有宦人密侍君者
⑧何故不使知
6古今异义
①舅姑爱其子
舅姑: 古义
今义 舅舅、姑姑
②负载珍重,不复言矣
负载: 古义
今义 负荷装载
③当如亲戚耳
亲戚: 古义
今义 不包括父母在内的亲属
④毅不告其实
其实: 古义
今义 表示所说的是实际情况
⑤左右皆流涕
左右: 古义
今义 周围
⑥因命酌互举,以款人事
人事: 古义
今义 人员管理
⑦后有一人,自然蛾眉
自然: 古义
今义 不拘束、不勉强
⑧所杀几何
几何: 古义
今义 数学分类
7、通假字
景从云合
帘以水精
飨德怀恩
从此已去
俱亡所见
蒋胜石
篇4:荆轲刺秦王 导学案 (高三上册)
荆轲刺秦王 导学案 (人教版高三上册)
学习目标
1、积累文中的文言词句并进行归类整理。
2、分析鉴赏荆轲这个人物形象,学习本文在矛盾冲突中表现人物性格的写法
背景链接
1、关于《战国策》
《战国策》是西汉学者刘向所整理、校订的一部战国时期的史料汇编,是一部国别体的史书。该书记载了战国时期二百三四十年间各国政治、军事、外交等方面的一些活动,着重记录了谋臣的策略和言论,语言流畅,记人、记事形象生动。全书共三十三篇,十二策。其内容,主要记载战国时期各国谋臣策士游说诸侯或进行谋议论辩时的政治主张和纵横捭阖、尔虞我诈的故事,也记述了一些义士豪侠不畏强暴、勇于斗争的行为。《战国策》长于议论和叙事,文笔流畅,生动活泼,在我国散文史上具有重要的地位。
2、简介课文故事发生的背景:
故事发生在战国末期的公元前227年,即秦统一全国的大势已定,弱小的燕国也危在旦夕.燕太子丹为了抵抗强秦的大举进攻,同时也为了报自己在秦国做人质的“见陵”之仇,就想派勇士去劫持秦王,“使悉反诸侯之地”;如不成,则刺杀秦王嬴政,使其国内大乱,然后联合诸侯共同破秦.荆轲刺秦王的故事,就是在这样的背景下发生的.事败后,秦大举攻燕,于公元前222年灭燕.燕国被灭了,然而,荆轲刺秦王的故事由于其悲壮动人而传诵千古。
3.关于荆轲
荆轲,春秋战国时代有名的`四大刺客之一。祖先是齐国人,后迁居卫国,原叫庄坷,到了燕国以后,才叫荆轲,他喜欢读书击剑,结交名人勇士。课文中提到的击筑的高渐离,就是朋友之一。燕太子为了刺秦王,先找智勇双全的燕国处土田光。田光觉得自己老了,无法完成太子丹的重托,便向太子丹推荐了荆轲。田光为了激励荆轲,便自杀了。荆轲接受了任务,太子丹高兴万分,马上封荆轲为上卿,精心奉侍……以后,就是课文记叙的情况。
一.课前预习
1.注音
督亢( ) 更( )虑之 樊於期( ) 椹( )其胸 拊( )心
濡( )褛 淬( )之 忤( )视 嗔( )目 变徵( )之声
2.解释括号前的词语
(1)尽收其地,进兵北略( )③地。(2)微( )太子言,臣愿得谒之。
(3)今行而无信( ),则秦未可亲也。(4)秦王购( )之金千斤,邑万家。
(5)秦王必说( )⑾见臣。 (6)愿足下更( )虑之⑿。
(7)秦之遇将军,可谓深⒀( )矣。(8)顾( )计不知所出耳。
(9)臣左手把( )⒄其袖。 (10)而右手L( )⒅其胸。
(11)见( )陵( )之耻。 (12)偏袒( )扼腕而进。
(13)函( )封之。 (14)以试人,血濡( )缕。
(15)人不敢与忤( )视⑨。 (16)太子迟( )之。
(17)请( )辞决矣。 (18)既祖( ),取道。
(19)为( )变徵(zhǐ)之声。 (20)终已不顾( )。
(21)持千金之资币( )物。 (22)厚遗( )秦王宠臣中庶子蒙嘉。
(23)燕王诚振怖( )大王之威。 (24)比( )诸侯之列。
(25)给( )贡职如郡县。 (26)使使( )以闻大王。
(27)唯( )大王命之。 (28)以( )次进。
(29)至陛③( )下。 (30)顾( )笑武阳。
(31)少假借( )之。 (32)使毕( )使于前。
(33)轲既取图奉之,发( )图。 (34)自引( )而起,绝袖。
(35)操其室( ) (36)剑坚( ),故不可立拔。
(37)秦王还( )柱而走。 (38)卒(cù) ( )起不意,尽失其度。
(39)侍医夏无且以其所奉药囊提( )轲。(40)乃引( )⒅其匕首提秦王。
(41)被( )八创(chuāng) ( )。 (42)箕( )踞⒇以骂曰。
(43)乃欲以生劫( )之。
3.指明下列句中通假字
①.秦王必说见臣( ) ②日以尽矣( )
③今日往而不反者( ) ④燕王诚振怖大王之威( )
⑤荆轲奉樊於期头函( ) ⑥图穷而匕首见( )
⑦秦王还柱而走( ) ⑧卒起不意卒惶急无以击轲( )
4解释下列句子中的古今异义词
①樊将军以穷困来归丹 穷困:
②仰天太息流涕 涕:
③丹不忍以己之私,而伤长者之意 长者:
④今有一言,可以解燕国之患 可以:
⑤持千金之币物 币:
⑥秦王方还柱走 走:
⑦诸郎中执兵 郎中:
⑧左右既前,斩荆轲 左右:
5.说明下列句子中的词类活用现象:
(1)进兵北略地( ) (2)此臣日夜切齿拊心也( )
(3)函封之( ) (4)发尽上指冠( )
(5)樊於期乃前曰( ) (6)皆白衣冠以送之( )
(7)乃朝服,设九宾( ) (8)使使以闻大王( )
(10)自引而起,绝袖( )
(11)太子迟之( ) (12)群臣怪之( )
6.明确下列句子中的特殊文言句式:
(1)此臣日夜切齿拊心也( ) (2)今日往而不反者,竖子也( )
(3)事所以不成者,乃欲以生劫之,必得约契以报太子也( )
(4)秦王购之金千斤( ) (5)欲与俱( )
(6)见燕使者咸阳宫( ) (7)而卒惶急无以击轲( )
(8)父母宗族,皆为戮没( ) (9)燕国见陵之耻除矣( )
(10)常痛于骨髓( ) (11)给贡职如郡县( )
(12燕王拜送于庭( ) (13)太子及宾客知其事者( )
(14)群臣侍殿上者,不得持尺兵( )
7.解释重点实虚词
【发】
①轲既取图奉之,发图( )
②顷之未发,太子迟之( )
③发尽上指冠( )
【故】
①故遣将守关者( )
李莹
篇5:兰亭集序 学案设计(高三必修五)
兰亭集序 学案设计(苏教版高三必修五)
夏德燕
学习目标:
1、积累重点文言字词
2、译重点语句
3、背诵文中常见名句
给下列加点的字注音。
癸丑 会稽 修禊 嗟悼 游目骋怀 放浪形骸
永和九年,岁在癸丑,暮春之初,会于会稽(注音 )山阴之兰亭,修禊(音形义 )事也。群贤毕至,少长(注音、释义 )咸(释义 )集。此地有崇山峻岭,茂林修(释义 )竹,又有清流激湍,映带左右,引以为流觞(音形 )曲水(句式 ),列坐其次(释义 )。虽(释义 )无丝竹管弦之盛,一觞(音义 )一咏,亦足以(释义 )畅叙幽情。是日(释义 )也,天朗气清,惠风和畅。仰观宇宙之大,俯察品类之盛, , , 。(翻译: )
夫人之相与(释义 ),俯仰一世(释义 )。或取诸(释义 )怀抱,悟言(释义 )一室之内; , 。虽(释义 )趣舍(释义 )万殊,静躁不同,当其欣于所遇,暂得于己,快然自足,不知老之将至;及其所之(释义 )既倦,情随事迁,感慨系(释义 )之矣。向之(释义 )所欣,俯仰之间,已为陈迹,犹不能不以(释义 )之兴怀,况修短随化(翻译 ),终期于尽!古人云: ,(句式 翻译: )岂不痛哉!
每览昔人兴感之由(释义 ),若合一契(音义 ),未尝不临(释义 )文嗟悼(音义 ),不能喻(释义 )之于怀。 , 。(翻译: )后之视今,亦犹(释义 )今之视昔,悲夫!故列叙时人,录其所述,虽世殊事异,所以兴怀,其致一也。(翻译 )后之览者,亦将有感于斯文(句式 )。
《兰亭集序》复习学案(二)
复习目标:
1、积累虚词“一”
2、拓展提升
一、虚词积累:
解释下列句中“一”的用法
1、 若合一契 ( ) 2、 其致一也 ( )
3、 固知一死生为虚诞( ) 4、 一觞一咏( )
5、六王毕,四海一 ( ) 6、上食埃土,下饮黄泉,用心一也( )
7、一鼓作气,再而衰,三而竭( ) 8、黄鹤一去不复返( )
二、拓展提升
把下面一段文言文阅读材料中画横线的句子翻译成现代汉语。
赵人患鼠,乞猫于中山。中山之人予之猫,善捕鼠及鸡。月余,鼠尽而其鸡亦尽。其子患之,告其父曰:“盍去诸?”其父曰:“是非若所知也。吾之患在鼠,不在乎无鸡。夫有鼠,则窃吾食,毁吾衣,穿吾垣墙,毁伤吾器用,吾将饥寒焉。不病于无鸡乎?无鸡者,弗食鸡则已耳,去饥寒犹远,若之何去之猫也?”
(1)盍去诸?(2分)
为什么不扔掉(赶走)这只猫呢(采分点“盍”、“诸”两个兼词)
(2)是非若所知也。(2分)
这不是你所了解的(采分点判断句式和“是非”、“若”)
(3)不病于无鸡乎?(1分)
我不担心没有鸡吗(采分点“病”是活用)
(4)无鸡者,弗食鸡则已耳,去饥寒犹远,若之何去之猫也?(3分)
夏德燕
篇6:文言文实词教学案(高三教案设计)
文言文实词教学案(苏教版高三教案设计)
顾专华
【专题复习文言文实词推断教学案】
导入:我们都知道,文言文阅读在高考试卷中占的分值仅次于作文和现代文阅读,是高考考查的重点之一。如何做好文言文阅读,关键就是准确理解文段,尤其是准确理解文段中文言实词的词义。本节课我们就一起来学习推断文言实词词义的几种基本方法。
一、学习重点:学习推断文言实词词义的几种基本方法。
二、课前预习:解释下列加点词语在句中的正确含义。
1.妪,先大母婢也,乳二世 喂养
2.至丹以荆卿为计,始速祸焉 招致
3.将军身披坚执锐 坚硬的盔甲 锐利的兵器
4.忠不必用兮,贤不必以 任用
5.大王见臣列观,礼节甚倨 傲慢
6.人之立志,顾不如蜀鄙之僧哉 边境
7.不使内有余帛,外有赢财 多
8.使童子烛之 用蜡烛照
9.秦之遇将军可谓深矣,父母宗族皆为戮没 刻毒
10.有势者朱丹其门,闻瑞至,黝之 漆成红色 漆成黑色
11.侯生摄敝衣冠,直上载公子上坐 破旧的
总结:这些实词都是我们非常熟悉的,有的是我们书本学过的,有的是课外练习做过的。然而大家可以看一下,这些实词可以说都是一些特殊的实词,还是比较难的。比如说涉及了一些词类活用或者是一些并不常用的词义。那么,怎样才能正确理解这些实词呢?关键:1、积累一定数量的实词2、掌握正确的方法
推断文言实词一般来说,有六种基本方法,我们先来看第一种:
三、类型例说:
(一)、联想推断
1.联想课文有关语句:课文迁移法,对所学课文中重点词义准确记忆,通过联想比较推断。
①既有令名,复求寿考 便言多令才 美好
②铨简秀士 简能而任之 选拔官吏
③晁错为内史,贵幸用事 赵太后新用事,秦急攻之 执政
④引次江北 又间令吴广之次所旁丛祠中 驻扎
⑤此地有崇山峻岭,茂林修竹。 邹忌修八尺有余 长
⑥曾不知老之将至 曾不若孀妻弱子 连……都,竟
⑦向之所欣,俯仰之间,以为陈迹。 向吾不为斯役,则九已病矣 以前
⑧进之布指算,不爽(高考江苏卷) 差错
少间,帘内掷一纸出,即道人意中事,无毫发爽 差错
女也不爽,士贰其行 差错
⑨志义相合,刑牲盟生死(20高考江苏卷) 宰杀
杀人如不能举,刑人如恐不胜(《鸿门宴》) 杀
⑩道济趋下阶(年高考江苏卷) 快走
他日趋庭,叨陪鲤对(《滕王阁序》) 快走
入而徐趋,至而自谢曰 快走
2.联想成语推断
借助熟知的成语推断词义。在成语中,保留了大量的文言词义,掌握了一定量的成语后,借助熟知的成语中的实词词义来推断文言文中的实词词义,有时也能使解题“柳暗花明又一村”。
①声非加疾也,而闻者彰 欲盖弥彰,清楚
②召医而尤其故 怨天尤人,责问
③不素餐兮 《诗》 尸位素餐
④殚其地之出,竭其庐之入 殚精竭虑 殚、竭:尽
⑤赵奢之伦制其兵 不伦不类 类
⑥势拔五岳掩赤城 出类拔萃 超出
⑦城之不拔者二耳
“拔”有两个主要意思:一是抽出、拔出,二是高出、超出,其义项可分别见于成语“拔苗助长”、“出类拔萃”。“攻取”义是由“拔出”义作了引申而来的,古时攻城必拔敌方军旗,拔下军旗即为“攻取”,再考虑上下文的语境,也可推断解释为“被攻取”是正确的。
(二)、语言结构推断
文言文中排比句、对偶句、并列词句等对举的语言现象很多,在两两、三三的对举句中,位置对称的词语一般词性相同、词义相近或相反相对,这样通过对已知词语的词义、词性分析,就可以推知未知词语的词性、词义。
1.灭六国者,六国也,非秦也;族秦者,秦也,非天下也 族灭
2.急湍甚箭,猛浪若奔 奔马
3.齐人追亡逐北 败逃者
4.通五经,贯六艺
5.信而见疑,忠而被谤
“见”和“被”同义,都是“被”的意思。
6.忧劳可以兴国,逸豫可以亡身
“忧劳”对“逸豫”,词义相反。
7.亡国破家相随属,而圣君治国累世不见也。
上下句以“而”相连,表并列关系,据“亡国破家”这个并列结构的短语可推知“圣君治国”亦当为并列关系,译为“圣明之君,治平之国”。若译成“圣明的君主治理国家”,则为主谓关系,与前句结构显然不相对应。
(三)、辨析词性、语法分析推断
根据词语在文言句子中的所处的语法位置,推知它的词性,根据词性进而推知它的实词词义。
1.据ズ之固,拥雍州之地 名词,险固的地方
2.带朱缨宝饰之帽,腰白玉之环 动词,腰佩
3.不意乃在朝列 动词,料想
4.欲居之以为利,而高其直,亦无售者。 动词,抬高
5.沛公军霸上 谓语 名词作动词
6.拔剑撞而破之
7.知杭州仁和县(上海卷) 掌管
此句中“知”一定是动词作谓语,此外别无谓语了。
8.烟涛微茫信难求 状语:确实 副词
楚王贪而信张仪 谓语:相信 动词
信义著于四海 主语:信用 名词
“烟涛微茫信难求”一句中,从结构上看是在状语“难”和谓语“求”的前边,可以推断其词性为副词,这样就可以解释为“确实”的意思了。
(四)、根据字形合理猜测字义(根据该字的形旁推断大致词义)
汉字中的形声字占80%以上,会意字占12%以上,其义符为我们破译文言实词的词义提供了有益的帮助。
1.系梁父子以组 绳子
2.君径造袁所寓之法华寺 到、去
3.旦日飨士卒,为击破沛公军 用酒食款待人,犒劳
4.四十五里,道皆砌石磴,其有七千有余 石阶
5.舸舰迷津,青雀黄龙之舳 津:渡口
6.余自齐安舟行适临汝 适:到……去
(五)、根据文化常识推断
1.邑有成名者,操童子业,久不售 童生
2.项羽季父 叔父
3.冠者五六人 成年人
(六)、语境分析推断
内部语境:指的是句子本身的语言环境;外部语境:针对整段文字、整篇文章而言的大语境,即上下文的语言环境。“字不离词,词不离句,句不离段,段不离篇”准确地阐释了语境推断法的内涵,要想推知实词的正确意思,必须结合语境认真揣摩,仔细分析上下文之间的照应、解释或暗示关系,更为我们提供了一把准确推断实词词义的钥匙。
1.每闻琴瑟之声,则应节而舞 和着
2.(屈原)出则接遇宾客,应对诸侯 应答
注意:以上方法并不是固定的,可灵活使用。当然,解答高考文言文实词考查题的方法是多种多样的,但有一点是肯定的:你掌握的推断“武器”越多,你答题的准确率就越高。
四、高考例析:
1.对下列句子中加点的词的解释,不正确的一项是( )(全国高考题)
A.威自京都省之 探望 B.不审于何得此绢 知道
C.自放驴,取樵炊爨 打柴 D.后因他信,具以白质 使者
“自放驴,取樵炊爨”,题目中给的词义是:樵-打柴。“樵”字前有动词“取”,后有动词“炊”,上下联系起来,不难推断出它处于宾语的位置,是名词,“木柴”之意,将它理解为“打柴”明显不当。
2.对下列句子中加点的'词的解释,不正确的一项是( )(湖南卷)
A.升高而望,得异境焉 登上 B.鸣鹤在阴,其子和之 和睦
C.隐德之士,狎而玩之 亲近 D.鹤归来兮,东山之阴 北边
高考文言文选材虽然在课外,但大都可以在课本中找到依据。考生只要举一反三,相互比照,辨其异同,就不难准确辨析选文中的几个实词释义的正误。
【解析】“阴”在课文《登泰山记》中有“其阴,济水东流”一句,山的北面为“阴”。“和”在课文《赤壁赋》中有“倚歌而和之”一句,意思是“跟着唱、随声附和”,与选项中的“和”相同。答案解释为和睦故B错。
3.对下列句子中加点词语的解释,不正确的一项是( )(浙江卷)
A.视其舟,则离败而胶 搁浅 B.庭除甚芜,堂庑甚残 废弃
C.疆场无侵削之虞 忧虑 D.条其言,书于褒城驿屋壁 整理
本句从“堂庑甚残”可判断出“除”是个名词。
4.对下列句子中加点词的解释,正确的一项是( )(天津市)
A.南迫洛阳 逼迫 B.有牧人御众之才 统治
C.引耿m等五营击之 带领 D.恂经明行修,名重朝廷 美好
B句中的“牧”是一个左右结构的会意字,左为“牛(泛指牲畜)”,右为“人手中拿着一条鞭子”,把两者的意思联系起来,就是“放牧牲畜”;引申一下,对象如果是人,自然就是“统治,治理”之意了。所以该项的解释是正确的。
5.对下列句子中加点的词的解释,不正确的一项是( )(20全国卷Ⅱ)
A.季布匿濮阳周氏 隐瞒 B.意季布匿其所 料想
C.上乃赦季布,拜为郎中 授官 D.诸将皆阿吕后意 迎合
如果平时熟读文言文的话,根据前后文的语意,很快就会找出答案。这四个字并不在常用120个文言实词内,却是课文中常见的。如:匿:中丞匿于溷藩以免《五人墓碑记》;相如引车避匿《廉蔺列传》。意:然不自意能先入关破秦《鸿门宴》;诏书特下,拜臣郎中《陈情表》;以相如功大,拜为上卿《廉蔺列传》。熟读课内文言文,读透记准,此题不难得分。A项译不通。成语“销声匿迹”中的“匿”应为“躲藏”。用在此句中恰好吻合。该句“匿”的后面省略了介词“于”,整个句子的意思为“季布隐藏在濮阳周氏家”。
6.对下列句子中加点的词的解释,不正确的一项是( )(2007年重庆卷)
A.累迁侍讲学士,充东宫讲官 担任 B.臣奉使遄行,适遇亢旱 速疾
C.江南、浙东流亡载道 负载 D.始于容隐,成于蒙蔽 包庇
C项中的“载”是个多义词,有“装载”“充满”“记载”等意思,这里是“充满”之义,只要联想到成语“怨声载道”,就很容易判断。故答案为C。
7.对下列句子中加点的词的解释,不正确的一项是( )(四川卷)
A.而郑氏数千指独完 灭亡 B.吾居长,当任罪 承担
C.宥之,立握得为左参议 宽恕 D.居一岁,入觐,卒于京 拜见
答案:A解析:完,根据上下文语境应为“保全”。盖失强援,不能独完。(《六国论》)
五、巩固练习:
1.天下不多管仲之贤而多鲍叔能知人也。(高考北京卷)
译文:不少考生将其误译成“天下像管仲这样贤明的人不多”,其中关键是对“多”的解释有误差。我们不妨从语法角度来分析,从句法来看,“管仲之贤”是一个名词性的偏正短。整个句子的谓语只能由“多”担当,可见“多”只能是动词。
因此全句意为:人们不赞美管仲的贤明却赞美鲍叔能够识别人才。
2.子知隐居之乐乎?虽南面之君,未可与易也。(20湖南卷)
“南面”,今义表示方位,指“南边”,而古人在这个意义上单说“南”而不说“南面”;“南面之君”,古代以面朝南为尊位,君主临朝南面而坐,因此把为君叫做“南面为王”“南面称孤”等。所以,“南面之君”也就是指“君王”。
3.今为民害,咎在残吏,而劳勤张捕,非忧恤之本也。(2007年全国1)
译文:如今成为民害,罪过在于残忍的官吏,从而不辞劳苦地张网捕捉,不是顾怜的根本方法。
4.盖忠臣执义,无有二心。若畏威失正,均虽死,不易志。 (2007年全国1)
译文:忠臣坚持道义,不应有二心。如果惧怕威势丧失公正,我即使是死,也不会改变志向。
5.吾向之隐忍而不之杀者,为其有仓卒一旦之用也。(2007年辽宁卷)
译文:我从前克制忍耐不杀它(的原因),是因为它在意外、紧急的时候可能有用。
(“向”译为“从前” “不之杀”译为“不杀它”。)
6.且又人购之,皆不获,有司苦之。(湖南)
译文:并且又大力悬赏(缉捕)盗贼,都不能捕获,主管官吏对这件事情感苦恼。
7.翻译下文中画线语句。
天成、长兴之间,岁屡丰熟,中国无事……异日,(公权)与周樨同对,⑴论事不阿,樨为惴恐,公权益不夺,帝徐曰:“卿有诤臣风,可屈居谏议大夫。”开成三年,转工部侍郎。召问得失,因言:“郭纹领宁,而议者颇有臧否。”帝曰:“G,尚父从子,太皇太后季父,官无玷邮,自大金吾位方镇,何所更议?”答曰:“纹诚勋旧,然人谓献二女乃有是除,信乎?”
⑴(公权)议论政事时不迎合奉承皇上,同事周樨在皇帝面前显得害怕恐惧,公权却更加不改变自己的意见。⑵纹确实是有功勋的旧臣之后,然而别人认为他是向皇上进献了两个美女才得到这个任命的,确实吗?
篇7:必修文言文知识通假字-学案 (高三)
苏教版必修文言文知识整理通假字-学案 (高三)
指出通假字并解释
1、木直中绳,以为轮。
2、虽有其槁暴,不复挺者。
3、则知明而行无过矣。
4、君子生非异也。
5、师者,所以传道受业解惑也。
6、或师焉,或不焉。
7、浩浩乎如冯虚御风。(
8、山川相缪。
9、举匏尊以相属
10、自余为J人。(
11、意有所极,梦亦同趣。
13、暴秦之欲无厌。
14、当与秦相较。
15、万几宸翰之宝。
16、肇锡余以嘉名
17、扈江离与辟芷兮
18、缙绅、大夫、士萃于左丞相府
19、几为巡徼所陵迫死
20、主辱,臣死有余J
21、其为时止十有一月耳22、独五人之
23、敛赀财以送其行
24、亦曷故哉25、共其乏困
26、夫晋,何厌之有
27、秦伯说,与郑人盟
28、失其所与,不知
29、肉袒伏斧质
30、可予不
31、拜送书于庭
32、召有司案图
33、相如度秦王特以诈详为予赵城
34、设九宾于廷
35、秦自缪公以来二十 余君
36、唯大王与群臣孰计议之
37、请奏盆秦王
38、距关,毋内诸侯39、要项伯
40、愿伯具言臣之不敢倍德也
41、旦日不可不蚤自来谢项
王42、令将军与臣有S
43、因击沛公于坐
44、拔剑切而之
45秋豪不敢有所近
46、泾流之大
47、不辩牛马
48、其不仁兹甚
49、又或有纪载而语焉不详
50、而予三十年前所主唱之三民主义
51、无乃尔是过与
52、俨骖W于上路
53、云销雨霁54、青雀黄龙之轴
55、忽奔腾而砰湃
56、夙遭闵凶
57、零丁孤苦
58、常在床蓐
59、四十有四60、五尺之僮
蓝蓝
篇8:高三政治人民代表大会制度复习学案
高三政治《人民代表大会制度》复习学案
【最新考纲】
(1)人民代表大会制度的基本内容
(2)人民代表大会与其他国家机关的关系
【基础整理】
1.人民代表大会制度
含义
是按照民主集中制原则,由人民选举代表组成人民代表大会作为国家权力机关,统一管理国家事务的政治制度
基石
人民代表大会
地位
是我国的政权组织形式,是我国的根本政治制度
组织和活
动原则
民主集中制
基本内容
国家的一切权力属于人民;人民通过民主选举选出代表,组成各级人民代表大会作为国家权力机关;由人民代表大会产生其他国家机关,依法行使各自的职权;实行民主集中制的组织和活动原则;等等
2.组织和活动原则:民主集中制。
含义
民主基础上的集中和集中指导下的民主相结合的制度
主要
表现
在人民代表大会与人民的关系上
人民代表大会的代表由民主选举产生,对人民负责,受人民监督
在人民代表大会与其他国家机关的关系上
人民代表大会是国家权力机关,国家行政机关、司法机关都由人民代表大会产生,对它负责,受它监督
在中央和地方国家机构的关系上
在中央的统一领导下,合理划分中央和地方国家机构的职权,充分发挥中央和地方两个积极性
【重难点解析】
1.坚持和完善人民代表大会制度
(1)原因
①国体决定政体,我国人民民主专政的社会主义国家性质,决定了我国的政体只能是人民代表大会制度。
②这是中国共产党把马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合的伟大创造,是近代以来中国社会发展的必然选择,反映了全国各族人民的共同利益和愿望。
资源库③实践证明,我国人民民主专政的国体和人民代表大会制度的政体,是中国人民奋斗的成果和历史的选择,是适合我国国情的政治制度。
④优越性
它保障了人民当家作主;它动员了全体人民投身于社会主义建设;它保证了国家机关协调高效运转;它维护了国家统一和民族团结。
资源库(2)要求
①发展社会主义民主政治,必须坚持和完善人民代表大会制度,绝不照搬西方的政治制度。
②坚定制度自信,适应国家现代化总进程,提高运用中国特色社会主义制度有效治理国家的能力,中国共产党要完善和发展中国特色社会主义制度,推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化,并将它确定为全面深化改革的总目标。
③必须毫不动摇地坚持中国共产党的领导,必须保证和发展人民当家作主,必须全面推进依法治国,必须坚持民主集中制。
资源库2.与人民代表大会制度相关的几种关系$来&源:
(1)人民与人民代表大会:人民选举代表组成人民代表大会,代表人民行使国家权力。
(2)人民与人大代表的关系:人大代表由人民民主选举产生,代表人民的利益和意志。人大代表来自人民,受人民监督,对人民负责,为人民服务。
(3)人民代表大会与人民代表大会制度,人民代表大会制度是我国的根本政治制度,是我国的政权组织形式,是我国的政体;人民代表大会则是我国人民行使国家权力的机关,它包括全国人民代表大会和地方各级人民代表大会。
3.区分我国的国家制度、根本制度、根本政治制度、基本政治制度
资源库(1)我国的国家制度包括国体和政体,这是从广义上来说的,狭义的国家制度是指国体。我国的国体是人民民主专政的社会主义国家。
(2)我国的根本制度是社会主义制度,它是社会主义经济、政治、文化等制度的总称。
(3)我国的根本政治制度是人民代表大会制度。
(4)我国的基本政治制度是中国共产党领导的多党合作和政治协商制度、民族区域自治制度、基层群众自治制度。
【命题预测】
命题角度一 民主集中制原则
【典例3】 3月,第十二届全国人民代表大会第三次会议以2 761票赞成、81票反对、33票弃权,表决通过了《全国人民代表大会关于修改?中华人民共和国立法法?的决定》。这说明( )
资源库①全国人大代表有决定权 ②全国人民代表大会有立法权 ③全国人民代表大会有审议权 ④全国人民代表大会实行民主集中制原则
A.①② B.①③
C.②④ D.③④
全国人大表决通过修改立法法的决定,说明全国人民代表大会实行民主集中制原则,④符
合题意。全国人大修改立法法,说明全国人大行使立法权,②符合题意。全国人大代表没有决定权,①错误。审议权是人大代表的权利,③错误。故选C。
C
►变式训练3 立法法修正案草案历经全国人大常委会“一审”——公开征求意见——“二审”——再次公开征求意见,最后提交十二届全国人大三次会议,接受“三审”。此过程表明( )
①政府坚持对人民负责的原则 ②全国人大常委会具有最高决定权 ③社会主义民主具有广泛性和真实性 ④人民代表大会制度实行民主集中制原则
A.①② B.①③
C.②④ D.③④
解析:本题考查全国人大及其常委会的权力、社会主义民主的特点和民主集中制原则,旨在考查学生获取和解读信息以及调动和运用知识分析问题的能力。立法法修正案草案公开向广大群众征求意见,并且经过“三审”环节,体现了社会主义民主的广泛性、真实性;材料中人大和人民的关系体现了民主集中制原则,③④正确。材料中的主体是全国人大常委会,不是政府,因此排除①。最高立法权、最高决定权属于全国人大,材料体现了全国人大常委会在全国人大闭会期间代行其部分职权——立法权,②错误。故选D。
答案:D
命题角度二 弘扬法治精神,推进公正司法
【典例4】 为推进司法体制改革,12月,上海市第三中级人民法院、上海市人民检察院第三分院正式成立,负责管辖审理跨行政区划的民商事、行政和资源诉讼案件。设立跨行政区划的人民法院和人民检察院旨在( )
①健全司法机关内部监督制约机制 ②排除地方对司法活动的干扰 ③提升司法公信力 ④推动审判权和执行权相分离
A.①③ B.①④
C.②③ D.②④
设立跨行政区划的人民法院和人民检察院目的在于排除地方对司法活动的干扰,提升司法公信力,②③符合题意。这一做法与健全司法机关内部监督制约机制、推动审判权和执行权相分离均无关联,排除①④。故选C。
C
►变式训练4 全面推进依法治国是实现国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的必然要求。下列表述符合法治精神的是( )
①“天下之事无大小皆决于上” ②“国王创造法律,而非法律创造国王” ③“法律是治国之重器,良法是善治之前提” ④“一次不公正的审判,其恶果甚至超过十次犯罪”
A.①② B.①③
C.②④ D.③④
解析:①②的说法属于“人治”,而非法治;③“良法”“善治”、④“公正”符合法治精神。故选D。
篇9:高三unit 9 Health Care 学案
9 Health Care
Step 1 Listen and answer:
1.Was Wang Lin cured or not?
2. How much was spent on the poor people by 2003?
3.What is another big challenge for the government?
Step 2 Scanning
Read the passage and try to come up with the general idea of each paragraph. Then ask students to fill in the chart to see if they have got a general understanding of the whole passage.
Main Idea
Paragraph A A man suffering from a serious disease was unable to _____ _____ ___________.
Paragraph B With ___ _____ ______ _________ help, Wang Lin’s disease was __________.
Paragraph C A new health project ____ _____ ____ exploring and developing a new health care model for China.
Paragraph D Many urban Chinese are ______ ________money ________ by the government.
Paragraph E poor families _______ ________ proper health care..
Paragraph F Health care project is very _________ in our country’s efforts to ______ ______.
Paragraph G The Chinese government is taking measures to _______ _____ _______ ___ ___.
Paragraph H People must ______ ______ ________ if society is to develop and prosper.
Paragraph I Our country is working hard to fight _________ and improve __________ _____
The main idea of the passage: The Passage gives a brief introduction to ____ ______ ______ ________ in our country, and it emphasizes on the________ that our government is making to fight poverty and improve health care by _______ ________ _____ Wang Lin.
Step 3. Post-reading
A. Choose the best answers:
1.Thanks to______, Wang Lin was able to receive a treatment in time to prevent the disease from ruining his health.
A. his son in college B. the insurance for his family
C. the health care project D. the kindness of his family and neighbors
2.According to the text, if Wang Lin had had______, the sickness wouldn’t have caused such a big problem.
A. a good job B. a high income C. insurance D. a good doctor to consult
3.What’s the aim of new health care project?
A. Helping people get rid of poverty.
B. Exploring and developing a new health care model for China.
C. Letting sick people treated properly.
D. Providing medical insurance for the poor.
4.According to the United Nations AIDS agency’s report, how many people will be infected by AIDS in China by 2020 unless more is done to prevent the spread of the disease?
A.9 million. B.10 million. C.11 million. D.12 million.
5.In how many cities is the health project being treated?
A.4. B.5. C.10. D.14.
6.The text “A Helping Hand” is mainly about______.
A. millions of Chinese people in urban areas can’t afford proper health care
B. the Chinese government is taking measures to prevent the spread of AIDS
C. a new health care project is being explored and developed in China
D. people must help each other if society is to develop and prosper
B. Read the passage and fill in the blanks with one to three words.
The poverty and the poor health care of low-income families The government’s efforts to fight poverty and poor health care
Low-income families cannot afford to pay for 1________, that is to say, they cannot afford to 2 _____a doctor or 3______medicine. ① The government encourages health care form and reduces poverty by designing a health care project which provides poor patients with treatment at 7____or less to help them get treated properly.
② The Chinese government is working with other countries and international organizations to explore and develop a new 8_______ for China.
③ The government encourages people to 9_________ in order that other measures to fight poverty will work.
④ The government has vowed to stop the spread of AIDS by providing free 10_______
Low-income families cannot provide 4___ for their children.
Many low-income families cannot afford to 5_______.
Low-income families live on allowance 6____________.
Step 3 Language points
ParagraphA
1.
thanks to
owing to
because of
Thanks to your advice, I am keeping a healthy diet now.
Owing to the rain ,the match was cancelled.
2.a laid-off worker
Lay off him! Can’t you see he’s badly hurt? ( 不再做打扰人、讨人厌等的事, 不理会)
You must lay off alcohol for a while.(不再做或有害的事物)
They were laid off because of the lack of new orders. lay off (解雇;下岗).
3. to make matters worse:=____________________________________________________更虚糟糕的是(可作插入语),使事情更糟
To make things worse, he had no money with him.
4.take a bank loan
ParagraphB:
5.Analyze the sentence “If I had had insurance, …………..else in my family.”
6.at a/the cost of 以……代价
I had a small room at a cost of fifteen cents per night.
The war was won at a great cost.
We are determined to get our rights at all costs.
ParagraphC:
7.aim at 以…为目的/目标,be aimed at目标/目的是
He aimed (his gun)at the target, fired and missed it.(瞄准、对准)
She is aiming at a scholarship. (向某方向努力、力争)
My remarks were not aimed at you.(评论、批评等针对某人)
We must aim at increasing/to increase exports.(意欲、企图、力求做某事)
8.access 通路 ,进入的道路
Have access to 接近,利用
E.g. The only access to the farm was a dirt road .
9.provide
1). Provide sth . (for sb)提供 , 给 , 准备
E.g. If you pay us a visit , we can provide a meal at any time .
2. Provide…with 给 ……提供
E.g. Was he able to provide you with information.
10.So far 到目前为止
e.g So far ,so good
So far he has done very well at school .
ParagraphD:
11.Live on 以……为生(食物、金钱等物质)
Live by doing 以干……为生(谋生手段)
Live a …life 过……样的生活
E.g.1). We live on wheat and rice.
2) . The old couple live a simple life.
3) They live by fishing.
4)They lived _______ two war.
5) I don't enjoy the pain, but I can live______ it
ParagraphE:
12 . be forced into poverty = ?
13.hospital fees fee n.
1.) (付给律师、医生等的)酬金,服务费[C]
. 恐怕我付不起给医生的酬金。___________________________________________
2.) 费(如学费、会费、入场费等)[C]
. 他们收一点注册费。___________________________________________________
3.) 赏金,小帐[C]
vt. 付费(或小帐)给
她付给侍者小费。_____________________________________________________
14.consult vt.
1.) 与...商量
I\'ll do nothing without consulting( with)you. 我采取行动之前一定和你商量。
2.) 找(医生)看病;请教
He went to town to consult his doctor. 他进城去看医生。
3.) 查阅(词典、参考书等)
He consulted his notebook repeatedly during his speech. 他讲演时不断看他的笔记本。
Consult/refer to/turn to a dictionary. Look up sth in a dictionary
4.) 当顾问[(+for)]
The retired executive consults for several large companies.
那位退休的总裁在好几家大公司当顾问。
15.purchase=?
16.put extra pressure on the family
Extra lessons on Sundays put more pressure on Liming, who already has pile of homework.
在压力下________________ 血压_______________ 气压________________
ParagraphG
17.vow发誓,起誓;swear (swore, sworn) 极其认真、明确或郑重地说或允诺;(使某人)就(某事)宣誓
1)In order to meet this challenge , the Chinese government has vowed to provide free AIDS tests for the general public as well as free treatment.
2)She swore that she had never seen it.
3)Are you willing to swear in court that you saw him do it?
4)Witnesses have to swear on Bible (to tell the truth).
ParagraphH
18. Leave sth ./ sb behind 意为“留下,遗留, 忘记携带”
Q.g. The luggage has been left behind !
Don’t leave me behind !
paragraphI
19. meet all the needs
meet the challenge
meet the demand
Make (both) ends meet 使收支相抵;维持生活
20.be serious about,
1)Are you really serious about him? Do you have sincere affection for him?
2)Is she serious about learning to be a pilot?
be curious about=?
21.get treated/burnt/lost/hurt/drunk/killed/married/excited/paid
Cleaning women in big cities usually get paid by the hour.
22. …are signs that the government is serious about health care
Step 4 Key verb phrases
be diagnosed with suffer from
have an income of make matters worse
take a bank loan to pay for depend on
prevent ….from doing …….. decide to do …
happen to sb get insurance for sb
be aimed at be designed to do
provide easy access to sb.提供通往。。。的便利的通道
live on money given to them by make a living
cover the most fundamental needs put extra pressure on sb.
afford to do sth keep a healthy diet
be forced into poverty spend ….on
vow to do be judged by
be left behind cover many aspects
provide …for sb meet all the needs
Construct sentences using the verb phrases
1.星期天额外的课程给Tom施加了更多的压力,他已经有一堆的作业要做。(用上who引导的定语从句)
___________________________________________________________________________-
2. Lily的父母都是下岗工人,她只有向银行借贷支付大学学费(用上whose引导的定语从句)
____________________________________________________________________________
3.新学期伊始,学校开展了争做 “好学生,好公民”的活动 (用上aimed at being…)
_____________________________________________________________________________
4.作为一个交换留学生,你不得不学会怎么来依靠自己。
_____________________________________________________________________________
5.Jack每个月全部工资只有300元,不能满足基本的所需。(用who引导的定语从句或者with a total income of)
_____________________________________________________________________________
6.天越来越黑,更糟的是,我们在森林里迷路了。
_____________________________________________________________________________
7.政府应该采取措施保护河流免受污染。
_____________________________________________________________________________
Integrating Reading Skills The Little Mould That Could (P79)
Step 1. Scan the passage
A. Listen and answer:
1. What could the little mould do? ___________________________________________
2.Who discovered it? When was it discovered? ____________________________________
3.What is its name? ___________________________
B. Find the main idea
( )Paragraph 1 A Fleming was excited about his discovery, which he called Penicillin, but other scientists showed no interest.
( )Paragraph 2 B Penicillin played a very important role during the World War II and at present as well.
( )Paragraph 3 C Fleming discovered a mould that can kill bacteria by accident.
( )Paragraph 4 D Health care in the past was often dangerous and risky.
( )Paragraph 5 E Alexander Fleming invented many ways to treat the wounded during the World War I
Step 2 Careful reading
Choose the best answers:
1.Before the discovery of penicillin, medical treatment were _________.
A. expensive B. effective C. dangerous D. simple
2.It was not until_____that the importance of Fleming’s discovery was fully recognized?
A. World WarⅠ B. World WarⅡ C.1928 D.1929
3.When did Fleming receive the Nobel Prize with the two other scientists?
A. In 1914. B. In 1928. C. In 1929. D. In 1945.
4.From Paragraph 4 of the text “The Little Mould That Could” we can see that Fleming was all the following except______.
A. confident B. strong-willed C. hard-working D. kind and warm-hearted
5. When Fleming saw the mould growing in the jar, he was surprised because _______.
A moulds did not usually grow in he jar B he was not looking for it
C. the mould had stopped growing D. the mould had killed the bacteria
6.When Fleming reported his discovery, other scientists _________.
A .did not believe him B. did not care
C did not understand him D did not agree with him
7. The discovery of penicillin has led to all of the following except _________.
A. new treatment B safer hospital C. fewer diseases D. better health care
Step 3. Read the passage again and retell the life experience of Fleming and how he discovered penicillin.
Alexander Fleming was a young doctor in ____ ____ _____ when a German chemist _______ a chemical treatment to cure ___ _______ _______. Fleming began using it in his clinic. Then in 1914, he had to go to the battlefield to______ _______ ________ during World WarⅠ, when he invented many ways to treat the wounded. After returning from the war, he went on with the ________ _____the chemical because he believed it could ______ ________ . One day, he found a mould was growing in some old glass _______. To his surprise, the bacteria he had been growing had _____. He believed that it was the mould, ______ later he called penicillin ____ killed the bacteria. Penicillin was a great discovery. It played a very important role during World War Ⅱ and as well as at present time. Fleming was _______ Nobel Prize ____ his great discovery in 1945.
Step 4 Language points
1. suffer deadly infections as a result of operations (Para.1)
2. cure, curable, incurable, treat
3. It was not until after the war that he made his most important discovery.(Para2)
It was not until World War Two that the importance of Fleming’s discovery was fully recognized.(the last para.)
4. clean up (Para. 3), clear up
The workwomen cleaned up (the mess) before they left. (除去垃圾等)
Clean up a room for a party. (打扫干净)
He clean up a small fortune. (挣得,赢得)
I hope it clears up this afternoon
Has your rash cleared up?(你的皮疹痊愈了吗?)
Please clear up the mess in here before you go. (使整洁,清理)
5. be excited about (Para. 4)
6. belong to (Para. 4)
7. Despite their lack of interest, Fleming kept trying to develop the chemical so that it would be safe and effective. (Para. 4)
8. Explain the last sentence of the whole passage.
9 as a result of (造成某种结果的)原因
as a result 结果是
result from 因…的结果发生
result in 结果是
She won the scholarship as a result of her hard work.
Illness often results from poverty.
I’m sure the government’s efforts to stop the spread of AIDS will result in success.
10.despite =in spite of 尽管;不管;纵使
Despite the bad weather we enjoyed our holiday.
Sir Fleming remained modest despite his achievements.











