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三级英语学位英语考试辅导:表达数目和数量方法

篇1:三级英语学位英语考试辅导:连接词

在英语词类中,连接词可说是最容易掌握的一种,

从结构上说,英语连接词分两大类:并列连词(coordinating conjunctions)和从属连词(subordinating conjunctions)。

并列连词连接两个或两个以上地位平等的字、词组或分句。例如:

(1) Air and water are indispensable to me.

(2) She likes going out with friends or playing outdoor games.

(3) Most workers have a good income, so they look very happy.

从属连词连接两个或两个以上的分句,形成复杂句中的从属分句。例如:

(4) He said that he did not want to go .

(5) Many things have happened since I last saw him.

(6) You may come if you want to.

上述连词的用法,看起来不难,但错误也难免。下面是些好例子:

(1) This book may be used both as a text as well as a reference book.

这里的“as well as”和“both”不能搭配,应该将“as well ”改为“and”,使“both……and……”变成关联连词( correlative conjunction)

(2) He not only speaks Mandarin but also English.

这里的“not only”应该移到“speaks”后面,使这个动词兼顾两个等立宾语:“Mandarin”和“English”。

(3) Although he is fat, but he is very weak.

英语里的“although”和“but”是不见面的 ,因此这句里的“ but”要去掉,不然“although”就要出来。

(4) Jim is not so strong like you.

这里的“not so”必须和“as”连成一体;介词“like”是不适宜的,

备考资料

(5) No sooner had we reached our destination, they left.

“No sooner”必须和“than” 配成关联连词,把“than” 省掉是不对的,应该补上:

No sooner had we reached our destination than they left.

这句子的意思也可透过“as soon as”反映出来:

“As soon as we reached our destination, they left.”

(6) I took a taxi and which took me to the station.

这里的并列连词“and”是多余的,必须去掉。如果要保留“and ”也可,但是形容词分句里的关系代词“Which”要改成主语“it” ,使整个句子变成并列分句如下:

I took a taxi and it took me to the station.

(7) My friend came up to me and held my hand, said good-bye excitedly.

这里的“and”应该用来连接最后两个谓语才对:

My friend came up to me, held my hand, and said good-bye excitedly.

不然,就要把“said”改成“saying”。

My friend came up to me and held my hand, saying good-bye excitedly.

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篇2:三级英语学位英语考试辅导:合成形容词

和其他合成词一样,合成形容词(compound adjectives)也是由两个或两个以上的字合组而成的,由于现代英语结构尽量从繁入简,合成词,特别是合成形容词的运用,就越来越普遍,报章杂志更是如此。

合成形容词的构成方法,主要有下列6 种:

①名词+形容词,如:

oil-rich, duty-free, praiseworthy, life-long, carefree, worldwide, skin-deep, sea-sick, cock-sure, word-perfect 等。

②形容词+形容词,如:

三级英语学位英语考试辅导:表达数目和数量方法

bitter-sweet, red-hot, Afro-Asian, socio-political, dead-alive, blue-black 等。

③名词+现在分词,如:

peace-loving, labour-saving, law-abiding, time-consuming, painstaking, trouble-shooting 等。

④名词+过去分词,如:

examination-oriented, man-made, poverty-stricken, bed-ridden, wind-blown, weather-beaten, heart-broken 等。

⑤形容词+现在分词,如:

good-looking, easy-going, eager-seeming, direct-acting 等。

⑥形容词+过去分词,如:

kind-hearted, narrow-minded, single-handed, new-born, soft-spoken, strong-headed, many-sided 等。

在这六类合成形容词中,①、③和④的生产率最高。

此外,合成形容词还可以从其他词类或结构转化而来,气象万千,韵味十足:

⑴从副词短语转化而来,如:

all-round protection, off-the-cuff opinion, round-the-clock investigation, the ahead-of-schedule general election, a once-a-week discussion 等,

备考资料

⑵从片语动词转化而成,如:

a back-up generator, the break-in time, a catch-up programme, a see-through shirt, a stand-up collar 等。

⑶从不带“to”的不定式动词转化而成,如:

take-home pay, a keep-fit class, a get-acquainted party, a cross-border raid, a grow-slow policy 等。

⑷由介词短语转化后移至名词前,如:

discussions on foreign policy→foreign-policy discussions; the relationship between teachers and students →the teacher-student relationship; a proposal for the withdrawal of troops→a troop-withdrawal proposal 等。

⑸由形容词分句转化后移至名词前,如:

a machine that is difficult to operate→a difficult-to-operate machine; magazines which are hard to get at→hard-to-get-at magazines; a politician who is not so strong→a not-so-strong politician 等。

⑹由成语或惯用语转化后移至名词前,如:

a step-by-step procedure, an on-the-job training, a dog-in-the-manger attitude, a live-and-let-live policy 等。

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篇3:三级英语学位英语考试辅导:特殊句子的被动语态

大家知道,英语有些句子含有两个宾语:直接宾语和间接宾语,例如:

“The crowd gave the guest a warm welcome ”里,就有双宾语。一个是直接宾语“a warm welcome” ;另一个是间接宾语“the guest”。

在变成被动语态时,其中一个宾语要成为主语。在一般情况下,我们多以间接宾语为主语,直接宾语留在原位,如:

“The guest was given a warm welome by the crowd ”。

但是,如果重点在直接宾语,直接宾语便要变成被动语态的主语,如:

“We will offer any capable applicant a competitive salary.”要变成:

“A competitive salary will be offered to any capable applicant.”

接着,让我们看看名词分句如何变成被动语态,例如:

“People generally feel that social workers are offering valuable services for the public.”这句子可以“it ”作为主语,然后,把名词分句移到句子后头去:

“It is generally felt that social workers are offering valuable services for the public.”

另外一种变法是把名词分句的主语转为被动句的主语,接着把名词分句的动词变成不定式动词:

“Social workers are generally felt to be offering valuable services for the public.”

最后,谈谈怎样把不带“to”的不定式动词变成被动语态,

备考资料

例如:

“We saw them go out”和“He made her work”这两句话里, “go out”和“work” 不带“to ”,但是当它们变成被动句时,“ to ”出现了:

“They were seen to go out.”和“She was made to work.”

在结束本文之前,顺便指出中英文句子结构的一个差异,就是中文含有被动意义的句子,不一定要用“被”字,但在译成英文时,却要变成被动语态。例如:

①灯关掉了:The light was turned off (不是:The light turned off)

②会议延期举行:The meeting will be put off. (不是:The meeting will put off)

③这件事必须保密:This matter should be kept secret.(不是:This matter should be secret)

④发展计划提早完成:The development project was completed before schedule.

⑤我们学校去年建造了一个新的电脑室: Last year, a new computer room was built in our school.

⑥在旧社会,妇女是受轻视的:In the old society,women were looked down upon.

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篇4:三级英语学位英语考试辅导:根据上下文猜词义

一个句子中难免出现一两个生字,在这种情况下,不必马上查字典,只要根据上下文的关系,就可能猜测生字的意思了。

下面这些例子,值得大家参考:

⒈利用括号内的解释,如:

① The power of the tribune (one million people read it every day) is enormous.

什么东西能吸引 100 万人来阅读呢?既然这东西吸引了 100 万人,它必定神通广大。这么一来,“enormous”的意思,也不问而知了。

② To write, you need a sharp tool and a quick mind (the first of which can be easily obtained from a book store).

这里的“sharp tool”是“利器”吗?不是,括号内注明这利器可以在书店买到;显然,这就是“笔”了。

⒉利用名词同位语,如:

③ The epidermis, the outer layer of skin, protects us from germs.

这里的“the outer layer of skin”是名词“epidermis”的同位语。既然如此,“epidermis”指的当然是“皮肤的外层”了。

⒊利用句中的代替词,如:

④ What can the government do in order to alleviate or lessen the problem of inflation?

这里的“lessen”和“alleviate”同义。“Lessen”的意思是 “减少”:“alleviate”的意思不是很明显了吗?

⒋利用字的构造,如:

⑤ Jason is a language specialist.

“Special”是“unusual”(不寻常的)之意;后缀“-ist”指人。“Specialist”就是“不寻常的人”;也就是“专家”之意。

⒌利用比较词语中的含义,如:

⑥ The army, numerous as the sand in the sea, marched forward fearlessly.

“军队”的人数有如海中的沙石:“numerous”的意思不就是“ 很多”吗?

⒍利用逻辑性的推理,如:

⑦ With such a meagre vocabulary, you should work hard to learn more new words.

既然必须用功增加词汇,就是词汇不足,

备考资料

“Meagre”的意思应该是“不足”或“贫乏”了。

⒎利用字的定义,如:

⑧ By an array of dots, I mean an orderly arrangement of dots in columns and rows.

从句中的定义看来,“array”的意思不就是“有秩序的排列” 吗?

⒏利用句中的例子,如:

⑨ Apply an antiseptic, such as alcohol, on the skin.

“酒精”(alcohol)可以防毒:“antiseptic”准是“消毒药”了。

⒐利用句子中的“重点词”,如:

⑩ The children sat under the shady old elm, while the birds were singing overhead on its branches.

从重点词“shady”(遮阳)和“branches”(树枝),不难猜到孩子们所处的环境,“elm”肯定是一种树,不可能是洋房或凉亭。

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