“丧丧的我”通过精心收集，向本站投稿了7篇GRE阅读考试如何加快速度呢，下面是小编精心整理后的GRE阅读考试如何加快速度呢，希望能够帮助到大家。
篇1：GRE阅读考试如何加快速度呢
GRE阅读考试如何加快速度
泛读如何?泛读就是大致看看，但GRE题目有时考到段落或文章整体结构，这哪里是随便浏览就可以掌握的?人们也总结很多阅读技巧。
它们固然可以帮助读者有效的缩小阅读量，甚至鼓励人完全忽视掉那些专业的细节，但这些技巧存在有共同的问题：只对讲解员所讲到的有限的文章适用。 改进的办法是发明不同的技巧去对应所有文章。
这些做做GRE阅读理解的手法理论上可行，但在实践上给考生留下问题：他们不容易知道何时该使用哪些技巧。技巧越多，就越具特殊性，杂多技巧的组合，让人感到混乱。
另一方面，做题的技巧倒是非常实用，不过，运用做题技巧的基本条件是知道题目考察的是文章的哪个位置;位置的确定也许不能只靠单纯阅读技巧来碰运气。 GRE文章是论证性文字，不是说明性文字，如电视机的说明书和校园简介，也不是叙述性文字，如长篇小说和短篇小说。GRE题目也总是以考论证结构为主。
例如，考主题和态度(包括写法型EXCEPT，考负评价的取非，从否定角度考核心内容的一般的EXCEPT);考特殊论证内容，如让步、对比;考句子在段落中的作用(in order to);考有哪些论据(论据列举);考论据中的特殊形式(泛指化)。
由此，新GRE阅读读文章最重要的是分析结构。分析结构是一种研究式的学习，在其要求下，我们的阅读方法是结构化阅读。 论证性文字一定是以论证为特点，这特点及于文章的各个层面：篇章-段落-句子-单词。
篇章由多个论点组成，论点由作为论据的句子构成，句子本身的典型构成是前后场由表示论证关系的词汇连接，体现论证的意义的单词最重要。要真懂得文章，必须把所有那些表现论证的字词句抓出，而这却恰好是过去所有阅读方法都忽略的。
关联词和广义的关联成分，经过GRE的反复宣传，已经获得众所周知的重要性，在此不论。但是，单纯的关联词也可能组成没有新鲜内容的堆砌文章，于是内容上的关联成为必要，这靠论证形式，也就是，我们要看一个论点是如何展开的，或说文章是如何结构或论证的。
对一个论点而言，论证的方式是分角度;但不是所有论点都可以分角度，那些不容易分角度的，论点按照其自身潜在包含的内容展开，由此有差异、正、反三类关系，每种关系的论证都相对模式化。这样，我们就可以懂得GRE阅读理解文章每句话在论证上的作用，无须完全依赖对文章各句所涉专业知识的了解。
GRE阅读材料练习：上海房价不断飙升
SHANGHAI, China’s financial centre, does not make it easy on outsiders wishing to buy homes.Non-residents who are single are banned from buying property. The married are welcome butonly so long as they have paid local taxes for two years and make nearly a third of thepurchase in cash. Shenyang, China’s biggest northern city, is far more welcoming. Anyone canbuy a home there. All to little effect: housing prices in Shanghai, five times more expensive thanthose in Shenyang, have risen by 20% over the past year; those in the northern city haveedged down.
上海是中国的金融中心，对于外来打工者来说，想在这里安家置业绝对不是一件容易的事。单身的非长驻居民不允许在这里买房。已婚人士购房是欢迎的，但前提是已经向地方政府上缴了两年税款并现金支付至少三分之一的购房款。中国北方的城市沈阳远比上海“热情好客”。任何人都可以在沈阳买房。但仍然无济于事，上海的房价比沈阳贵5倍，并且在去年一年里增长了20%，与此同时，北方城市房价却小幅下降。
This bifurcation is a worry for the government, which wants to spur growth without inflatingbubbles. A divergence in housing prices between wealthy cities and the hinterland is a familiarproblem in other countries—just look at London and Lincolnshire, say, or New York andNebraska. But the divisions are starker in China. In its most prosperous cities, already giddyprices continue to shoot up, while unsold flats pile up in markets where valuations were low tobegin with. Moreover, construction has long been one of the economy’s main engines,accounting for as much as a quarter of GDP growth until recently. This makes it especiallyimportant that the government get the balance right. Doing so is proving hard.
政府希望既能刺激经济又不引发通胀，因此对两极分化的现象感到担忧。一线城市和欠发达地区的房价分化现象在其他国家也不少见：例如伦敦和林肯郡、纽约和内布拉斯加州。然而这种分化在中国表现得更明显。一边是在中国最繁华的城市里持续飙涨的房价，另一边则是本来市值就低的房子待售成堆。而且建筑行业一直是国家经济增长的主要引擎之一，直到最近仍占GDP增长的四分之一。因此，对于政府来说，保持平衡至关重要却也困难重重。
Over the past half-year, the government has unveiled a series of measures to support thehousing market that specifically exclude China’s five hottest markets (Beijing, Guangzhou,Sanya, Shanghai and Shenzhen). People buying homes need only make a 20% down-paymentto obtain a mortgage, except in the five conurbations, where they must put down 30%. Bythe same token, in most of the country transaction taxes have been cut by as much as two-thirds for people buying second homes; in the five outliers they have been left unchanged. InShenzhen, a southern tech hub that is the frothiest market, with prices up by 53% in the pastyear alone, local officials have vowed to crack down on speculators and expand the supply ofaffordable housing.
在过去半年里，政府出台了一系列政策来稳住大部分城市的房地产市场(北京、广州、三亚、上海和深圳这五个房地产最火的城市除外)。购房者只需支付20%的首付款即可获得房屋贷款(这五个城市则需要付30%);二手房购房者所要上缴的交易印花税也降低了三分之二(这五个城市保持不变)。深圳作为南方的科技中心，房价在去年一年上涨53%，成为泡沫最严重的城市，当地政府发誓要严控房产投机并加大可负担住房的供应。
The results of this two-tier system have beenmeagre so far. The frenzy in the biggest cities stemsfrom the central bank’s steady loosening ofmonetary policy over the past 18 months. Althoughwarranted from an economic perspective, it wasinevitable that low interest rates would drive assetprices higher. Initially, much of the credit pumpedout by banks ended up in the stockmarket, butfollowing its crash last summer, property beckoned as one of the few decent investmentoptions in China (capital controls, which have been further tightened recently, make it hard forChinese savers to invest their money abroad).
这种分而治之的房地产政策目前看来收效甚微。大城市房价飙涨的根源是央行在过去18月来逐步放宽的货币政策。尽管该政策的目的是为了拉动经济，但低利率不可避免地会拉升固定资产价格。一开始，银行释放的大部分信贷涌向了股市，然而经历了去年夏天的股灾之后，房地产成为了投资者们为数不多的上佳选择(资本管制最近也逐步收紧，这让中国人很难把他们的存款投资到境外市场)。
For speculators looking at property, the excess supply in smaller cities was all too evident, sothey turned instead to the megalopolises. Du Jinsong of Credit Suisse describes it as a form of group think. “Everybody—investors, developers, policymakers and bankers—thinks that first-tiercities are safe,” he says.
对于把目光投向房地产的投机客而言，小城市的房屋供给过剩太明显，所以他们转而看向大城市。瑞士信贷的杜劲松把这种情况描述为集体迷思：“每个人——投资者、开发商、政策制定者和银行家——都认为投资一线城市更加安全。”
Even as the government tries to restrain the excesses, however, it does not want to snuff outthe rally in the big cities altogether, for they tend to influence sentiment elsewhere. There aresigns that this is beginning to happen. Housing prices started rising month on month in thebiggest cities a year ago. In midsized cities (in China, those with populations of 5m-10m), priceshave been rising for the past four months. In smaller cities (mere hamlets of 1m-5m), gainshave been evident only for the past two months (see chart).
即使政府希望抑制这种过量投资，但并不打算把涌进大城市的各路资金全部赶走，以防他们对其他敏感领域施加影响。这种趋势已经可见端倪。大城市的房价在过去的一整年中连月增长;中等城市(人口在五百万到一千万之间)的房价在过去四个月持续增长;而小城市(人口在一百万到五百万之间)的房价只在过去两个月有明显增长。
If this upturn lasts, some investors reckon it will spur construction. Commodities used to buildapartment blocks, such as iron (girders) and copper (wires), have recovered slightly from theirrecent swoon, partly in the hope that China’s property market is also stirring (see article).Indeed, a series of mini-cycles in the Chinese housing sector over the past decade followed thissort of pattern: rising housing sales led to new building starts, which in turn pushedcommodity prices higher.
如果情况能持续好转，一些投资者认为它将会刺激建筑行业。如铁梁、铜线这类用于建造公寓的材料商品，都已渐渐从最近的低迷期得以复苏。部分以期中国房地产市场也将处于动荡。的确，中国房地产行业过去十年一系列小周期活动都遵循这种模式：房产销售上涨带动新建筑的开发，新建筑的开发反过来推动材料价格上升。
Figures from the China Index Academy, a data provider, show that the stock of unsold homeshas decreased recently, from nearly 30 months’ worth of sales early last year to 15 now. “Ahousing market with rising volume and prices clearly does not support the view that, on amacro level, China’s housing market is oversupplied,” notes Liang Hong of China InternationalCapital Corp, an investment bank.
根据中国指数研究院提供的一官方数据显示，未售房屋的存量在最近得以减少，从去年初近30个月的销售量，减少至目前的15个月。“这个存量和价格并升的房地产市场显然并不能从支持宏观上中国房地产市场产能过量的观点，”中国国际金融公司(投行)梁宏如是说道。
But there is a further vast increment of supply on the verge of coming to market, becausedevelopers slowed the pace of construction in recent years and in some cases halted italtogether.
但是大量的供房即将上市，因为开发商近年放缓了大兴土木的节奏，一些建筑都已全部停工。
There were 4.7 billion square metres of housingunder construction but not yet available for sale atthe end of last year, up by 25% from the end of; 452 million square metres of housing were onsale, nearly three times as much as at the end of2011. Some provinces and cities are drafting plans toconvert unsold homes into subsidised housing forpoorer residents. Xi Jinping, China’s president, hassaid that reducing property inventory is a “battle of annihilation” that must be won torevitalise the economy. Revived demand for new construction, in short, is a long way off.
去年年末，有47亿平方米的在建楼房都没有开放销售，从年末算起增长了25%;4.52亿平方米的房屋都在出售，数量将近是20年末的3倍。一些省份和城市在起草计划，打算将未售房屋变成穷困居民的补助房。X.X提到，减少房地产库存是一场必须要打赢的经济复兴的“歼灭战”。要复兴对建筑行业的蓬勃需求还有一段很长的路要走。
The exception is sure to be China’s biggest cities, where there clearly is an imbalance betweensupply and demand. Shenzhen and Shanghai, in particular, are popular with the young andthe highly educated, just the kinds of people that push up housing prices. They are two ofChina’s best-run cities, offering good transport links, good jobs and, by Chinese standards,good air. Unsold housing inventories cover just about five months of demand at the currentpace of sales, indicating that more construction is needed.
中国的大城市显然是个例外，那里房地产供应与需求显然不平衡。尤其是深圳与上海，颇受具有高等学历的年轻人欢迎，他们也正是那些推动房价上涨的人。作为中国两大发展的城市，上海和深圳能提供便利的交通，较好的工作环境，还有依据中国标准所谓的优质空气。以当前房地产销售速率，未出售的楼房库存仅能满足五个月的需求。这表明我们需要更多地建造楼房。
篇2：gre考试阅读训练方法
gre考试阅读训练方法
强化长难句
建议gre考试考生一定要在正式模考之前把长难句拿下。现掌握了长难句阅读能节省很多的复习时间，之前需要一个词一个词来读的文章，通过训练可以做到以段来理解。认真学完的话阅读分数能有很大的提升。
量的积累
熟悉gre阅读考试套路的最简单粗暴方法就是大量接触gre的阅读。结束长难句的专项训练之后，大家就可以开始进行强度较大的阅读训练了，把各类能找到的gre阅读真题和练习题都拿来作为积累阅读量的材料，有时间的话还可以看一些英文课外读物补充知识面，通过大量阅读的方式积累对于gre阅读的熟悉程度。
题目分类解析
主旨题：一定要做对主旨题，gre阅读方法,gre考试有什么用也就是一定要读懂文章的中心，抓住中心就抓住了一切。
细节题：看到有“According to”这样的字眼就一定能在文章中找到对应的出处，找到了出处就能解出来。
推理题：看到有“infer”“conclude”“imply”以及类似的字眼，这道题需要从原文中找对应句子再经过推理才能解出来，文章中不一定有原话，把它当做逻辑题对待就行了。
结构题：这类题一般都比较简单，问某个词，某句话，某段在文章中的作用。在理解全文的基础上解答基本错不了。
其他题：具体问题具体分析，疑难杂题出现的概率很小，gre阅读训练方法在此不做特别说明。
考场时间分配
Verbal每个部分30分钟内需要解决掉20道题，其中阅读题往往占了一半，考虑到阅读文章需要花费的时间，建议考生按照一题一分钟的节奏来完成做题。多出来的时间就留给阅读读文章，gre阅读方法,gre考试有什么用这样阅读可以仔细一点，思考再多一点。
迅速理解题意
这也是gre考试中无论是数学、语文还是作文都要求的一项基本技能。如果前面4点的准备工作做的扎实，这项技能会有相当大的提高，考试就能得心应手，游刃有余。
GRE长难句练习及解析：放弃写小说
Fallois proposed that Proust had tried to begin a novel in 1908， abandoned it for what was to be a long demonstration of Saint-Beuve‘s blindness to the real nature of great writing， found the essay giving rise to personal memories and fictional developments， and allowed these to take over in a steadily developing novel.
译文：Fallois提出，Proust曾试图于19开始写一部小说，后又因为某一原因——即Saint-Beuve长期以来所展现出的对伟大文学作品真正本质的盲目无知——而放弃了它，发现该文章引发了某些个人的回忆和小说虚构情节的发展，最终让这些内容以一部稳定发展的小说这一形式取而代之。
解释：本句主要考察的是句子的复杂修饰。从that引导的宾语从句开始，以列举的方式描述其动机的变化。但是因为abandoned之后的状语 for…的结构复杂、用词抽象，并且for后面是what 引导的宾语从句中套的另外一个宾语从句，如此以来这个复杂的结构就隔断了句子前后的整体逻辑，干扰到考生对整句话的理解，所以这个结构不太容易被看出来。
解法：看到句子比较长又比较难理解，就先找句子的主谓结构，然后就不难发现该句子的大致结构为Proust had tried to…， abandoned…，found…，and allowed.。。之后再逐一解决各个小分句后面的部分，各个击破，最后整个句子的意思就迎刃而解了。
GRE长难句练习及解析：植物基因插入
【GRE长难句】One such novel idea is that of inserting into the chromosomes of plants discrete genes that are not a part of the plants' natural constitution: specifically, the idea of inserting into nonlegumious plants the genes, if they can be identified and isolated, that fit the leguminous plants to be hosts for nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Hence, the intensified research on legumes.
【意群阅读版】One such novel idea/ is that of/ inserting into/ the chromosomes of plants/ discrete genes/ that are not/ a part of the/ plants' natural constitution:/ specifically,/ the idea of/ inserting into/ nonlegumious plants/ the genes,/ if they can be/ identified and isolated,/ that fit the/ leguminous plants/ to be hosts/ for nitrogen-fixing bacteria./ Hence,/ the intensified research/ on legumes.
【译文】一个这样的全新的想法，是把非此植物的自然组成部分的不相关的基因插入到植物的染色体中;具体来说就是这么一个想法，把一些使得豆科植物能够成为固氮菌寄主的基因(如果它们能够被找到并分离出来的话)插入到非豆科植物的基因中去。因此才出现了对豆科植物的深入研究。
倒装：inserting into the chromosomes of plants discrete genes that are not a part of the plants' natural constitution.
正常语序：inserting discrete genes that are not a part of the plants' natural constitution into the chromosomes of plants.
倒装：the idea of inserting into nonlegumious plants the genes, if they can be identified and isolated, that fit the leguminous plants to be hosts for nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
正常语序：the idea of inserting the genes, if they can be identified and isolated, that fit the leguminous plants to be hosts for nitrogen-fixing bacteria into nonlegumious plants.
篇3：GRE考试阅读小窍门
学会这些小窍门 识别GRE考试阅读错误选项易如反掌
如何辨别GRE阅读中的各类错误干扰选项?
GRE阅读题中存在的干扰选项主要有以下几种：
1. 偏题项
这类选项比较隐蔽，其表现形式往往是内容本身是正确的，但说偏了没抓住重点，不是文章的主线。考生很容易跟正确选项混淆而选择它。
2. 反义项
有些题目本身比较长，加上一些否定和双重否定等，考生就容易理解错误，而特别设置的部分反义项，就往往会等着考生自己被绕晕了以后自投罗网。
3. 错位项
还有些错误选项，主题和修饰错位，或者把不相关的内容拼凑在一起，看似哪边都沾一点关系，其实本身却是错位选项，也很容易影响考生的判断。
4. 极端项
极端项其实是比较明显的错误干扰选项，常会使用一些代表主观判断的最高级词汇比如best/most/least，唯一性词汇比如only、alone或者比较级词汇比如better、worse等。这些选项表现出一种极端的不容否定的态度。看似很有道理其实却并正确。
5. 未提项
这种错误选项陷阱也比较常见，故意给出一些看似很有联系的新信息点，说得头头是道，考生如果因为文章篇幅较长没有阅读全文，就会以为自己没看仔细，其实这些所谓的信息都是一些根本没有出现在文章中完全和题目无关的未提及选项。
6. 主观项
这种错误选项的制定思路是根据一些常识性的推断，引导考生做出的判断，其本身带有很强的主观性，而并不是客观的事实，如果考生不加注意就很容易被带歪思路。
下面小编分享一篇GMAT阅读真题文章，帮助大家加深理解：
By far the most popular United States literature of its time was a body of now-neglected novels written between 1820 and 1870 by, for, and about women. According to Nina Baym, who has termed this genre “woman’s fiction,” the massive popularity of these novels claimed a place for women in the writing profession. The novels chronicle the experiences of women who, beset with hardships, find within themselves qualities of intelligence, will, resourcefulness, and courage sufficient to overcome their obstacles. According to Baym, the genre began with Catharine Sedgwick’s New-England Tale (1822), manifested itself as the best-selling reading matter of the American public in the unprecedented sales of Susan Warner’s Wide, Wide World (1850), and remained a dominant fictional type until after 1870. The critical, as opposed to popular, reception of these novels in their own time was mixed. Theoretical opposition by those who saw fiction as a demoralizing and corrupting influence was by no means dead in mid-nineteenth-century America, and popular successes naturally bore a significant proportion of the attack. The moralistic tone of much woman’s fiction did not placate these antagonists; on the contrary, many clerical opponents of the novel thought that women were trying to take over the clergy’s functions and hence attacked all the more fiercely. Similarly, some male authors, disgruntled by the emergence of great numbers of women writers, expressed contempt for the genre.
On the other hand, the women had a powerfully ally--their publishers, who not only put these works into print but advertised them widely and enthusiastically. Some few reviewers wrote about these works with attention and respect, distinguishing between the works of the different authors and identifying individual strengths and weaknesses. These approving contemporary critics were particularly alert to each writer’s contribution to the depiction of American social life, especially to regional differences in manners and character types. On the whole, however, even these laudatory critics showed themselves uninterested in the stories that this fiction told, or in their significance.
Baym acknowledges that these novels are tell--with variations--a single familiar tale, and correctly notes that this apparent lack of artistic innovation has been partly responsible for their authors’ exclusion from the canon of classic American writers traditionally studied in university literature courses. Baym points out, however, that unlike such male contemporaries as Nathaniel Hawthorne, these women did not conceive of themselves as “artists,” but rather as professional writers with work to do and a living to be made from fulfilling an obligation to their audience. This obligation included both entertainment and instruction, which are not, says Baym, at odds with one another in these books, nor is entertainment the sweet coating on a didactic pill. Rather, the lesson itself is an entertainment: the central character’s triumph over adversity is profoundly pleasurable to those readers who identify with her.
1. The passage is primarily concerned with
A. Summarizing the major contributions of two influential writers
B. Describing and commenting on a group of literary works
C. Summarizing the major events of a period of literary history
D. Contrasting two types of literary works from the same era
E. Arguing for the adopting of several neglected literary works into university curriculums
参考答案：B
2. The author of the passage cites Susan Warner’s Wide, Wide World most probably as an example of a woman’s novel that
A. Had more advanced artistic elements than many of its type
B. Attracted an excessive amount of critical attention
C. Was found to be inappropriately moralistic by many members of the clergy
D. Was significant as an indicator of the genre’s popularity
E. Signaled the gradual decline of the size of the genre’s audience
参考答案：D.
3. The author of the passage implies which of the following about the members of the clergy mentioned in the first paragraph?
A. They also opposed works of fiction that were outside the genre of woman’s fiction.
B. They opposed journalism as well as imaginative writing.
C. Their influence reached its pinnacle in the mid-nineteenth century.
D. They were unable to obtain the support of other critics for their views.
E. Their attacks on the genre of the novel did not extend to novels written by male writers.
参考答案：E.
4.Which of the following can be inferred from the passage concerning the majority of the nineteenth-century reviewers of woman’s fiction?
A. They considered the position taken by the clergy in regard to woman’s fiction self-serving.
B. They did not make fine distinctions between different authors.
C. They placed a higher value on plot than on social significance.
D. They subscribed to the view of writers as purveyors of popular entertainment rather than as artists.
E. They felt that the literary market was saturated with novels by and about women.
参考答案：C.
这篇长篇阅读的4道题目中，就有许多选项包含了上述提到的六种错误选项，每道题目中都有1个或者数个选项存在问题，有些题目5个选项中就包括了几种错误。大家不妨结合正确答案，对比查看一下具体错误选项类型。
重视阅读错误选项才能避免受到影响
之所以要特别列出阅读中的错误选项，是因为这种选项对于考生阅读部分的正确率杀伤率极高。比起其它一目了然的数学或者填空题，GRE阅读要解题首先就要读文章，很多考生读完文章，特别是长篇文章后，本身思路已经有些混乱，再被这些干扰选项祸害一下，很容易就会出现连续错误。而许多考生对于GRE阅读存在的畏惧情绪和心理阴影，其实也往往是由错误选项导致的。
总而言之，GRE阅读中的错误选项，值得各位考生的重视。大家如果想要在GRE阅读中有所表现，拿到高分，就必须学会上文提到的各类辨别方法，及时发现错误选项，顺利应对好长篇阅读。
GRE课外阅读材料为我们解密 什么促使摩天大楼向更高处伸展?
A new lightweight lift cable will let buildings soar ever upward.WHEN Elisha Otis stood on a platform at the 1854 World Fair in New York and ordered an axeman to cut the rope used to hoist him aloft, he changed cityscapes for ever.To the amazement of the crowd his new safety lift dropped only a few inches before being held by an automatic braking system.This gave people the confidence to use what Americans insist on calling elevators.That confidence allowed buildings to rise higher and higher.
一种新型的轻型升降梯将会让建筑继续向更高处发展.当艾利沙·奥的斯在1854年纽约世界博览会上站在一个高楼的阳台下，命令一个持斧的人砍断那个把他带到高空的绳索时，他彻底改变了人们对城市景观的印象。为了吸引人群的眼光，在新的自动制动系统起动前，他只让他的新安全电梯降落了几英寸。这让人们在使用电梯时-美国人坚持这个称呼有了足够的信心，也正是缘于这种信心，后来的建筑造得越来越高。
They could soon go higher still, as a result of another breakthrough in lift technology.This week Kone, a Finnish liftmaker, announced that after a decade of development at its laboratory in Lohja, which sits above a 333-metre-deep mineshaft which the firm uses as a test bed, it has devised a system that should be able to raise an elevator a kilometre or more.This is twice as far as the things can go at present.Since the effectiveness of lifts is one of the main constraints on the height of buildings, Kone's technology—which replaces the steel cables from which lift cars are currently suspended with ones made of carbon fibres—could result in buildings truly worthy of the name “skyscraper”.
当另一种升降技术取得突破后，很快，高楼大厦将会继续往更高处发展。本周，一家荷兰的电梯制造者—通力声称，该公司位于洛雅的实验室—该实验室坐落于一个333米深的，用于试验的矿井上方—经过数十年的研究，开发了一种可以让电梯升高到一公里甚至更高的系统。这个高度是现在电梯可以达到高度的二倍。因为电梯高度是建筑物高度的主要制约因素之一，所以通力的技术—将以碳纤维取代目前技术中，让升降车悬浮于半空的钢索—会让那些摩天大楼能够真正配得上这个名字。
这篇阅读材料还有MP3音频哦!下载>>传送门
The problem with steel cables is that they are heavy.Any given bit of rope has to pull up not only the car and the flexible travelling cables that take electricity and communications to it, but also all the rope beneath it.The job is made easier by counterweights.But even so in a lift 500 metres tall steel ropes account for up to three-quarters of the moving mass of the machine.Shifting this mass takes energy, so taller lifts are more expensive to run.
钢索的不足就是它们太重了。任何指定的绳索除了要承载汽车和柔性移动电缆—让电力和通信可以和它连接起来的电缆—的重量，还要承担它们下面所有绳索的重力。而这些如果借助平衡力的话会轻松得多。但是，即使在一个500米高的电梯中，钢索的重量也高达整个机械移动重量的四分之三。而要移动这个重量就很耗能，因此越高的电梯，它的运行成本就越高。
And adding to the mass, by making the ropes longer, would soon come uncomfortably close to the point where the steel would snap under the load.Kone says it is able to reduce the weight of lift ropes by around 90% with its carbon-fibre replacement, dubbed UltraRope.Roped togetherCarbon fibres are both stronger and lighter than steel.In particular, they have great tensile strength, meaning they are hard to break when their ends are pulled.
在绳索越来越长的情况下，移动的重量也会越来越大，这样就会很快达到钢索的承重极限，而这些会让人们感到不安。通力表示，用碳纤维取代钢索可以让升降索的重量减少约90%，他们称之为“超级钢丝绳”。牢牢捆在一起碳纤维绳索比钢索更牢，却更轻。通常，它们的拉伸强度很高，就是说当用力拉它们的两端时，它们很难会被拉断。
That strength comes from the chemical bonds between carbon atoms: the same sort that give strength to diamonds.Kone embeds tubes made of carbon fibres in epoxy, and covers the result in a tough coating to resist wear and tear.According to Johannes de Jong, Kone's head of technology for large projects, the steel ropes in a 400-metre-high lift weigh about 18,650kg.An UltraRope for such a lift would weigh 1,170kg.
这种强度来自于碳原子间的化学键：这也是金钢石之所以坚固的原因。通力公司把碳纤维制成的管状物嵌入环氧树脂，再在外层涂上坚固的涂层，以防止磨损。根据通力大型项目技术负责人约翰内斯-德荣表示，一个400米高电梯的钢索重量大约重18.65吨。而如果在同样的电梯中，使用能够达到相同有效高度的超级钢丝绳，后者的重量将为1.17吨。
Altogether, the lift using the UltraRope would weigh 45% less than the one with the steel rope.Besides reducing power consumption, lighter ropes make braking a car easier should something go wrong.Carbon-fibre ropes should also, according to Mr de Jong, cut maintenance bills, because they will last twice as long as steel ones.Moreover, carbon fibre resonates at a different frequency to other building materials, which means it sways less as skyscrapers move in high winds—which is what tall buildings are designed to do.
总之，一个电梯，如果使用超级钢丝绳，那它的重量将比使用钢索时减少45%。除了能够降低功效外，较轻的绳索能够制动一辆更容易会出事的汽车。据德荣先生表示，碳纤维绳也应该能够减少维修费用，因为它们的使用寿命比钢索高一倍。此外，在一个不同的频率上，碳纤维与其它建筑材料有着共振效应，这就是说，当高楼在大风中晃动时，这个超级钢丝绳的晃动幅度不会那么大—而这就是高层建筑设计的初衷。
At the moment a high wind can cause a building's lifts to be shut down. Carbon-fibre ropes would mean that happened less often.All of which is worthy and important. But what really excites architects and developers is the fact that carbon-fibre ropes will let buildings rise higher—a lot higher.Lighter, stronger ropes mean the main limiting factor in constructing higher skyscrapers would become the cost, says Antony Wood, an architect at the Illinois Institute of Technology, in Chicago.
当前，一场大风会让一幢建筑的电梯完全停工。但是碳纤维绳索的诞生表明这种现象不会频频出现了。上述这些都很重要，而且是值得的。但是，真正刺激建筑师和开发商的是，碳纤维绳索会让建筑越来越高—比现在的高楼还要高很多。伊利诺伊理工学院—位于美国芝加哥—的建筑师安东尼-伍德表示：更轻，更牢的绳索意味着，限制建造更高摩天大楼的主要问题将会转到成本上。
Dr Wood is also executive director of the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat, which, among other things, lists the official heights of skyscrapers.At present the tallest is the Burj Khalifa in Dubai, which was completed in and, at 828 metres, shot past the previous record-holder, the 508-metre Taipei 101 tower.The Mecca Royal Clock Tower in Saudi Arabia, completed in , is now, at 601 metres, the second-tallest.
伍德博士也是高层建筑与城市人居理事会的执行董事，该机构在有关其它方面的记录中，列出了官方规定的摩天大厦的高度。目前为止，最高的高层建筑是迪拜的迪拜塔，完工于，高达828米，完全超过了以前的最高建筑—位于台北的，高达508米的101大楼。于完工的麦家皇家钟楼位于沙特阿拉伯，高达601米，现在是第二高建筑。
The Freedom Tower in lower Manhattan, built near the site of the World Trade Centre's twin towers that were destroyed by al-Qaeda in , had its spire added in May to reach 541 metres.But work has now started on the Kingdom Tower in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.Its exact proposed height is still a secret, but it will be at least a kilometre.With a big enough budget it would, says Dr Wood, now be possible to build a mile-high skyscraper.
曼哈顿下城的自由塔于今年三月加高了塔尖，已经达到了541米，离它不远就是以前世贸中心的双子塔，分别达到了417米和415米，但是在被基地组织摧毁。沙特阿拉伯的吉达王国塔现正在建造中，建造计划中的高度具体是多少还未公开，但是估计至少为一公里。伍德博士说，它的建造成本将会是个庞大的数字，可能相当于现在建造一英里高的摩天大楼的成本。
Even with carbon-fibre ropes few of such a building's lifts would go all the way from the entrance lobby to the observation deck.Most would debouch into intermediate sky lobbies, where passengers could change lifts.Such an arrangement is already familiar. Many skyscrapers are more like three-stage rockets, with different buildings stacked one on top of another—offices, a hotel and apartments.
即使使用碳纤维绳索，要直接从入口大厅乘电梯到观景台，就算在如此规模的高层建筑里也很少见。大部分都是涌进中间的大厅，从那里乘客们再换乘电梯。类似的安排人们早已经了解了。很多摩天大楼更像三级火箭，里面不同功用的建筑一个堆一个—办公楼，酒店和公寓。
Sky lobbies mark the frontiers between these uses.But carbon-fibre ropes will allow each of these stages to be taller, too.The sky's the limitNor need carbon-fibre lift-cables be confined to buildings.They could eventually make an idea from science fiction a reality too.Space lifts, dreamed up in the late 1950s, are a way of getting into orbit without using a rocket.Building one would mean lowering a cable from a satellite in a geosynchronous orbit above the Earth's equator while deploying a counterbalancing cable out into space.
中间的大厅就是这些不同功用建筑的分界点。但是同样，碳纤维索能让这些不同功用的建筑越来越高。天空不是无界的碳纤维电梯电缆并不局限于建筑的使用。它们最终也会从科学幻想变成现实中存在的东西。人们在二十世纪五十年代想象出来的太空电梯就是一个不需要火箭，就可以进入轨道的设备。建造这样一个设备将意味着，会架设一条在地球同步轨道卫星下方，地球赤道上方的电缆，同时还可以在太空中有效利用这个对重平衡电缆。
The cable from Earth to the satellite would not be a classic lift rope because it would not, itself, move.But it would perform a similar function of support as robotic cars crawled up and down it, ferrying people and equipment to and from the satellite—whence they could depart into the cosmos.There are, of course, many obstacles to building such a lift.But the answer to one—finding a material that is light and strong enough for the cable—might just have emerged from that mineshaft in Finland.
从地球连接到卫星的电缆将不会成为一个经典的电梯电缆，因为它本身将不再移动。但是，当机器人汽车在它上面往返于地球与卫星之间，运送人们和设备时，它将执行一个类似的支持功能，同时人们从卫星上可以出发遨游宇宙。当然，建造这样一种电梯还有很多问题，但是，答案就是—寻找一个足够透光性和牢固的材料来制作电缆—而这种材料可能刚好就产自于芬兰的矿井。
GRE课外阅读精品素材之商业篇 网络超市售卖生鲜蔬果前路坎坷
Grocery has so far resisted the rise of online shopping. That may be about to change,THERE is a huge difference between being late and being too late, said Dalton Philips, the boss of Morrisons, on November 21st, as he announced the launch of the British grocer's online-shopping service.Morrisons' competitors have been selling broccoli and baby food via the internet for more than a decade.Britain's fourth-largest grocery chain had shunned e-commerce as a profit-sapping distraction.
杂货店可能将无法再抵制住网购的盛行,莫里森公司的老总菲利普于11月21日宣布实行英国杂货店商网购服务，并且说道：迟了和太迟了之间有着很大差别。莫里森公司的竞争对手已经通过网络销售花椰菜和婴幼儿食品长达十多年了。英国第四大百货连锁店一直将电子商务视作其利润的瓜分者并加以规避。
It paid with falling market share and the defection of some of its best customers to Tesco, the country's biggest grocer, and Ocado, an online-only supermarket.Morrisons' change of heart will be noticed beyond Britain.Grocery is the biggest category in retailing but the most resistant to the advance of online shopping.Even in Britain, where it has gone furthest, it may account for just 5% of sales this year.But it is growing fast everywhere.The Boston Consulting Group expects the global market to grow from 36 billion this year to 100 billion by .
而代价是不仅丢失了市场份额，也失去了它们最好的客户。这些客户转而投向英国最大的食品杂货商乐购公司和只做网上超市的Ocado公司。莫里森公司的回心转意将会引起英国以及以外的关注。食品杂货是零售业中最大的一类，但也是最抵制网上购物发展的一类。即使是在英国，网上购物也已经发展很久了。可能会占到今年总销售额的5%。这种迅速发展的网购势头随处可见。波士顿咨询集团预计截止到，全球的市场将会从今年的360亿美元增长到1000亿美元。
Grocers have held back for good reasons.Like many bricks-and-mortar merchants they fret that online commerce will shrivel sales in stores but not the costs associated with them.Grocery, with its tiny profit margins, adds complications.Virtual shopping-carts contain dozens of low-value items, which must be stored at different temperatures.Retailers can either get in-store staff to pick them off the shelves, which becomes disruptive as volumes rise, or build dedicated warehouses, which is costly. So are home deliveries: even in thickly settled Britain each one costs grocers around 10, but shoppers typically pay little more than 3.
杂货商放慢脚步是有原因的。很多实体商铺的老板担心在线商务会其他们的销售额下降，但是却不会降低其相应的成本。作为收益颇微的食品杂货更使这一情况变得雪上加霜。虚拟的购物车中包含着很多低价值的物品，这些物品都需要在不同温度的环境中储存。零售商们只能要要店里的员工把它们挑拣下架，然而数量一多就变得凌乱不堪;或者是花巨资建立专门的仓库。送货上门也是这样：即使是在人口密集的英国，每个物品也将花去杂货商10英镑，然而购物者却只需要为此支付不到3英镑的费用。
这篇阅读材料还有MP3音频哦!下载>>传送门
Consumers are also wary.Many want to examine fresh produce before they buy it.They recoil when online grocers deliver substitutions instead of what they ordered.Many shoppers try grocery websites but get discouraged, says David Shukri of the Institute of Grocery Distribution in London.Among pioneers there have been spectacular wipeouts.California's Webvan expanded at breakneck speed, pampered customers with services like home delivery within half-hour slots, lost control of costs and collapsed in 2001.
消费者也感到担心。他们很多人想要在购买之前先检查生鲜农产品。当他们收到的物品不是他们订购的而是在线杂货商发出的替代品时，他们会撤销订单。伦敦超市物流研究所的大卫说道：很多人试图通过杂货商的网站退货但是‘屡屡受挫'。在众多先驱者当中，有很多全军覆没。其中位于加州的Webvan公司以极快的速度扩张业务，为消费者们提供半小时送货上门的服务，导致其无法控制成本，最终于20倒闭。
Its demise deterred imitators.In Britain Ocado has yet to make much money after more than a decade.Tesco claims its online operation, with nearly half the British market, is profitable.But it uses murky accounting for the cost of stores, where much of the produce is picked, says Andrew Gwynn of Exane BNP Paribas, an investment bank.Yet to shun online is to risk losing grocers' best customers, prosperous families and those with children.
这一教训使很多后来的模仿者望而却步。在英国，Ocado公司在经营10多年后还没有多少盈利。乐购声称其占据了英国将近一半市场的网上业务是有利可图的。但是Exane BNP巴黎投资银行的安德鲁?格温表示，该公司在对很多提供农产品的店面进行成本计算时采用了模糊化处理。但是回避网络意味着将失去很多杂货店的最佳消费人群。
It really is a prisoner's dilemma and you can't afford not to play, says Chris Biggs of BCG.Guess who's delivering dinner?In America, today's Webvans look sturdier.Peapod, the biggest American online grocer, acts as the internet arm of the Giant and Stop & Shop chains; all are part of Ahold, a Dutch giant.It has shown a flair for innovation: Peapod's customers can buy by scanning images of products on delivery lorries and coffee cups with their mobile phones.
比如那些富裕的以及有孩子的家庭。波士顿咨询集团的克里斯?比格斯表示：这真是一个如困兽般进退两难的地步，你无法承担不参与其中所带来的损失。猜猜谁在给我们提供晚餐?在美国，今天的Webvans公司看上去很坚实。美国最大的在线杂货商豆荚公司，充当了Stop & Shop连锁店巨头在互联网中的左膀右臂;而它们都是荷兰巨头阿霍德集团的一部分。该企业充分表示了其创新性：豆荚公司的客户可以用手机扫描送货车或是咖啡杯上的商品图片来购买相应产品。
Lazy Manhattanites have been ordering Thanksgiving feasts from FreshDirect, the second-largest online grocer, which is partly owned by Morrisons. Both ventures prosper because they cater to well-off families, largely in cities.American behemoths are unlikely to leave the field to specialists.Amazon began fresh-food deliveries in Seattle in and in Los Angeles last year.It is expected to add maybe 20 cities in , some abroad.Traditional grocery chains will respond.
慵懒的曼哈顿人已经开始通过FreshDirect公司来订购感恩节大餐了。该公司是全美第二大在线杂货商，莫里森公司拥有其部分股份。由于这些服务的对象大多是城市里富裕的家庭，因而这些新兴服务都很成功。美国的巨头公司们也不会袖手旁观，把机会让给业内行家。，亚马逊在西雅图就开始它们的生鲜运送业务，去年发展到洛杉矶。它们预计到将会把业务拓展到20个城市，包括海外城市。传统的食品杂货连锁店也会对此作出反应。
They are determined not to repeat the mistakes other sorts of retailers made at the turn of the century, when they were too afraid of Amazon, says Robert Hetu of Gartner, a technology-research firm.Safeway, the second-largest supermarket chain in North America, is the only one besides Ahold with a substantial online operation.
Walmart, the world's biggest retailer, remains hesitant.Neil Ashe, its head of e-commerce, has questioned whether the chain's budget-minded customers want groceries delivered.
一家技术研究公司的罗伯特表示: 它们决心不会重蹈覆辙，重复其它零售商在世纪之交时犯的错误，它们那时过于惧怕亚马逊。北美地区第二大连锁超市Safeway公司是除了阿霍德集团外的唯一一家拥有大量网购业务的公司。全球最大的零售商沃尔玛公司仍持观望态度。其电子商务主管阿西亚对它们那些精明的客户是否需要食品杂货运送服务表示质疑。
更多双语文章《 点击这里
But this may be changing. A pilot project in San Francisco and San Jose is being extended to Denver.Walmart Labs in Silicon Valley has imported many of the people who developed the online-grocery business at Asda, its British subsidiary.On November 25th Walmart said that its new chief executive would be Doug McMillon, who as head of the international operation is responsible for Asda.He may speed Walmart's halting American effort.
但是他可能改变想法。在旧金山和圣何塞的试点项目正扩展到丹佛。沃尔玛在硅谷的实验室先后引进许多在其英国子公司阿斯达开发网上杂货业务的人。沃尔玛于11月25日表示将任命阿斯达国际化经营的负责人麦克米伦为其首席执行官。他可能会加速沃尔玛网络业务的进程。
If a big American retailer plunges in, others will take it seriously and the market will expand rapidly, says Mr Biggs.With luck, the newcomers will avoid the mistakes of earlier stumblers.Where internet grocery is still immature, supermarkets can encourage shoppers to click and collect from stores rather than spoil them with home delivery.A likelier model for sprawling, car-crazy America is France, where shoppers pick up groceries from drive-through supermarktes.
比格斯先生，如果一家美国零售巨头进来分一杯羹的时候，其它企业就都认真起来了，市场将很快被拓展。如果运气好的话，这些新来的可以避免早期失足者的错误。网上超市还很不成熟，超市可以鼓励顾客从商店点击领取，而不是送货上门的方式。对于一个汽车泛滥的美国来说，法国的做法可能是美国模仿的对象。
As volumes rise, picking will shift to shopperless dark stores and to automated, super-efficient fulfilment centres like Ocado's.BCG reckons that shoppers who become online converts spend 30% more.Another boon is that distribution centres on cheap land consume less capital than urban stores.Online grocers can thus earn a decent return on capital even with thin operating margins, Mr Gwynn says.He expects Ocado, which will share its second fulfilment centre with Morrisons, to achieve its first proper profit next year.
在那里购物都是从免下车超市自行选取商品。随着业务量的上升，选购的方式可能慢慢演化成看不见人流的隐形商店，并逐渐变成类似于Ocado的高效、自动化物流中心。波士顿咨询集团估计，成为网上购物者将多消费30%以上。另一福音是在廉价地区的分配中心的花销比市区门店的少。因此，温格说，网上杂货店可以赚取可观的回报即使利润微薄。他预计Ocado公司，这将与莫里森公司共享其第二物流中心，于明年实第一次实现适当的利润。
But as more consumers do their bulk buying online, and grocers start shutting their bigger urban stores, there will be a lot of large retail properties looking for new tenants.Morrisons does not have the luxury of starting slowly.It hopes to make up for its late start by entrancing shoppers.It will post frank ratings of its produce to build trust, a trick learnt from FreshDirect.If a customer doesn't like the look of the fresh food delivered to her door, she can send it back and claim a voucher.
但随着网购消费者的增多做，杂货店开始关闭其更大的市区门店，这样以来就会有很多的大型零售物业寻找新的租户。莫里森承受不起慢慢来的巨大代价。它希望让客户沉迷于其开展的业务以弥补起步较晚的劣势。它们将发布产品的信用评级制度，这是从FreshDirect学到的。如果客户对送到她们门口的新鲜食品不满意，她们可以要求退货并索要发票。
Isn't this the sort of coddling that wrecked Webvan?No, says Mr Philips, for three reasons: Morrisons will exploit its buying power, its emphasis on fresh food brings relatively high margins and it will piggyback on Ocado's operations.The latecomer will beguile shoppers.It may be harder to charm shareholders.
这会不会像Webvan公司那样过分纵容消费者呢?不会，飞利浦先生认为有三个原因：莫里森将利用其购买力，为购买新鲜食物带来相对较高的利润率，同时也会捎带开展Ocado的业务。后来者会欺骗消费者，也将更难讨好股东们.
篇4：gre考试阅读如何提速
gre考试阅读如何提速?
gre阅读提速三大技巧介绍
GRE快速阅读最关键的是在扫描全文的时候把握每段的主旨，并做出标记，在看完全文后对文章的结构主题有大致的了解。gre阅读技巧,gre考试培训做题时，必须去找准确的信息。因此读者在开始阅读之前就得知道问题是什么。其实并不需要去详读一篇文章，需要做的只是surveying、scan-ning和skimming，也就是三大阅读提速技巧。
概读
Surveying——概读。概读一篇文章指的是检查文章的组织结构以了解文章的大意。概读重点往往集中在每段开头结尾等会提出观点或进行总结的关键内容上，而对于详细内容则一般会跳过。
寻读
Scanning——寻读。寻读是指在文章当中找寻诸如一个特定的词、缩写词、日期、数字或首字母缩略词等细节。当Scan(扫描)一篇文章的时候，gre阅读技巧,gre考试培训也是很快地看，但它和浏览不同。扫描是为了寻找某些特定的词句而不是文章的整体;关注的是细节而非主旨。阅读一篇文章时，可能仅仅只为了找一个百分数或者某个特定事件的发生时间，而不是这篇gre阅读考试文章的主旨。寻读可以帮助读者更有效地找到这些信息。
扫读
Skimming——扫读。扫读指迅速浏览一遍gre考试文章，而无需逐字阅读，以了解文章大意。对于需要把握文章大致整体内容的考生来说，扫读是很有用的技巧。
GRE阅读：飞鼠寻找食物
The objective of this study was to evaluate how northern flying squirrels (Glaucomys sabrinus) locate truffles (Gautieria monticola), a subterranean and ephemeral but primary food source. Thus, we evaluated the importance of three factors to the foraging behavior of northern flying squirrels: (i) olfactory chemicals that emanate from truffles; (ii) the presence of coarse woody debris (decaying l.s), which are often associated with fungi; and (iii) we explored the potential role animal memory could play in truffle detection as well. In a foraging arena, squirrels successfully retrieved buried truffles that lacked aboveground cues in 19 of 30 trials and failed to search near treatments that lacked truffles alt.ether, confirming the importance of olfaction to squirrel foraging. However, squirrels also retrieved truffles that were associated most frequently with surface l.s (27 of 30). In addition, the initial detection rate of the truffle + l. treatment was significantly greater than the truffle-only treatment. Thus, although squirrels search for truffles primarily using olfaction, they may also benefit by searching near coarse woody debris on the forest floor as an aboveground cue to truffle locations. In addition, because 82% of Sierra Nevada truffle-fruiting locations that were marked in yielded truffles again the following 2 years, mycophagous animals like northern flying squirrels may benefit by memorizing fruiting locations and foraging at these same locations from year to year.
GRE考试阅读备考内容介绍
第一，有一定的gre词汇量。
GRE阅读考试所需掌握的单词要少的多，这些词往往都是些GRE阅读专属词汇，且重复率很高，只需集中背记一下就可以解决基本问题。
第二，对GRE阅读句子有基本的理解能力。
GRE阅读有很多阅读技巧，但它只是一种锦上添花的东西，要在你对文章的大意甚至对一些具体的内容有一定的理解的基础上才能发挥作用，而这个基础就体现在对句子的理解上。
第三，熟悉GRE阅读考点和题型
GRE阅读考了很多年，已经呈现出了明确、固定的出题点和试题类型，考生应该对它们有充分的了解。
第四，智慧读GRE阅读原文。
要靠读懂全文来做对题，对中国考生来说是一件很难的事情，即使把文章全部翻译成中文，也很难在如此短的时间内逐字逐句理解全文，更何况是生词连篇、复杂难懂的英文，所以我们要靠快速读文法，学会抓重点。
第五，GRE阅读考点详细读，非出题点略读。
这句话非常简单，然而，很多考生往往很难做到这一点，有的考生是不知道什么有用，不知道哪儿是出题点，也就不知道哪里详读哪里略读，只好全文都一样重点的读，其实也就等于全文都没读好。
第六，选GRE阅读答案有方法、有技巧。
GRE阅读考试的答案的确是有一些特点的。有一些答案一看就是正确答案，说得客观严谨、小心翼翼，有的一看就是错的，这里面包含一些特定的规律。选择答案其实也有一定的方法，到哪儿找答案(定位)，怎么看选项(竖读、先读主干等)，按照什么依据排除干扰选项，怎么确定自己选择的是不是对的(文字对应法)，时间不够了怎么选等等。这些都需要考生在备考GRE阅读中逐步了解，融会贯通。
GRE阅读如何快速阅读
一) 减少每行的注视次数，缩短注视时间以提高阅读速度。
这种GRE阅读练习并非沿直线进行，而是一连串的扫视加跳跃。每次扫视要么以注视结束，要么就是对注视范围内文字短暂快照(大约25美分硬币那么大，距离阅读表面8cm )。 未经训练的人每次注视持续1/4到1/2秒。要弄明白这一点，闭上一只眼，手指轻轻的放在眼皮上。用另一只眼睛慢慢的扫描一条水平直线——这样你会感觉到明显、分离的眼球运动和注视持续的时间。
二) 去除回头读和跳回读以提高速度。
未经训练的人总是回头读(有意识回读)和跳回读(通过不正确的注视实现的下意识回读)，这些占用全部阅读时间的30%。
三) 必须反复做适应GRE阅读练习来扩大水平边缘视线范围，提高每次注视的字数。
未经训练的人阅读的时候会注视中央区域，而不会利用水平边缘视线，浪费了50%每次注视可以辨识的字。
篇5：GRE是什么考试
GRE考试分两种：GRE普通考试和GRE专业考试。考生需要根据自身的条件和申请学校的要求参加其中一项或双项考试。一般平常所说的GRE考试都是指General Test，绝大多数中国学生最常参加的也是普通考试。GRE普通考试的目的在于：根据大学毕业生的基础知识和能力水平，对考生在高级阶段从事学术研究的一般潜在能力作出衡量，而不涉及任何专业的.特殊要求。GRE专业考试的目的则在于：测试考生在某一学科领域或专业领域中所获得的知识和技能以及能力水平的高低，一般多用于跨专业申请。
篇6：gre考试阅读满分攻略
gre考试阅读满分攻略
第一:词汇和语法基础要扎实。
一般来说考生只要把六级词汇完全掌握，参加gre阅读考试就没有问题，但考生也不要掉以轻心，因为gre阅读中虽然没有生僻词汇，但却经常有长难句出现，考生如果连基本的词汇都没有掌握，那么应对长难句就会力不从心。
gre阅读考试是一项比较全面的考察学生英语能力的内容，所以从词汇开始，一直到句子已经篇章都有对应的练习题类型去考察。但是要理解句子的含义，光是词汇认识也不一定能完全搞清楚，有的时候需要通过语法知识去分析。这种语法在很多题型中有所体现。例如指代题，要分析代词所指的先行词是哪个，有时就要通过句子主谓宾成分的分析才能找到。
第二:逻辑关系词要牢记在心。
英语句子的理解很多时候是要去理解其逻辑关系的，常见的逻辑关系有并列(and, as well)，比较(than, as….as)，因果(because, so, therefore, thus, result from)，递进(also, furthermore)，转折(but, however, yet)等等。句子内有这些逻辑关系，句子和句子之间也有这些逻辑关系，这样才能理清整篇文章的脉络，去完成例如句子简化，插入句子这类题型。
第三:快速阅读能力要加强。
gre阅读考试每篇的时间是规定为20分钟，除了看长篇的文章外，还有11或13道题目的内容，所以时间是非常紧张的，因此在阅读的时候速度就很关键。考生要改掉一些阅读的坏习惯，例如逐字阅读，出声阅读，或者指着阅读等，这样的习惯只会拖慢阅读的速度。所以快速阅读能力在考试中是非常重要的，读的时候要以意群来看。
第四:注重归纳的能力培养。
gre阅读的最后一大题都是以全文意思的归纳为基础才能完成的，尤其是summary，考察的就是考生对文章的整体把握。因此考生在平时练习的时候一定要注意对文章段落的归纳，能够在较短的时间内把文章段落的中心大意读出来，然后进行总结，最后选择出最能代表文章中心含义的内容。如果能在平时就注重归纳能力的培养，那么考试的时候就不用害怕summary这种归纳概括性的题型了。
想在新gre阅读中获得高分甚至是满分吗?在准备gre阅读时，你需要在词汇和语法方面打下坚实的基础，记住有逻辑的单词，提高你的快速阅读能力，培养归纳能力。至于具体的做法，小编在上面的gre考试资讯中，已经为申请人一一介绍过了，请大家注意!
GRE阅读文章：主体结构
1. 结论-解释型(也叫论点-解释型)
首先是“结论-解释型”文章。这类文章在开始有一个判断句，一般是文章的结论，也是文章的主题。这个判断句的谓语部分通常包含系动词(is, remain, prove, turn out, appear等)或情态动词(can, may, should, must等)，而且含有表示态度的词汇(如形容词等)。例如，
Because of its accuracy in outlining the Earth's subsurface, the seismic-reflection method remains the most important tool in the search for petroleum reserves. In field practice, a subsurface is mapped by arranging a series of wave-train sources, such as small dynamite explosions, in a grid pattern…
文章首句指出：“由于‘地震反射法’(sr)在勾划地球的地下层面这方面的准确性，该方法一直是探寻石油储备的最重要的工具。”这是一个判断句，为结论。其中remains为系动词，而most important为态度词，表示作者对“地震反射法”持非常正面的评价。后文应解释“地震反射法”的具体过程。 第二句话对解释进行总的说明：“在实地作业中，通过将一系列波列源，诸如小规模炸药爆炸，排列成一个网格模式，从而将地下层面标绘出来。”接下来是“地震反射法”的详细过程。
2. 新老观点对比型
GRE阅读文章的第二种常见结构是“新老观点对比型”。 这类文章在开始提出老观点，然后提出新观点并进行论述。通常新观点是文章的主题。老观点出现的标志词有：
1. 传统观点： has been, traditionally, until recently等
2. 大众观点：frequently, widely, many等
新观点出现的标志词有：however, recently, now等。
例如，
Traditionally, pollination by wind has been viewed as a reproductive process marked by random events in which the vagaries of the wind are compensated for by the generation of vast quantities of pollen, so that the ultimate production of new seeds is assured at the expense of producing much more pollen than is actually used.
However, a number of features that are characteristic of wind-pollinated plants reduce pollen waste…
文章首句指出：“传统上，风媒授粉过程一直被视为是一个以随机事件为标志的繁殖过程，其中风的不确定性通过产生大量花粉而得以补偿，因此，新种子的最终繁殖得以保证，而此举的代价是所需产生的花粉要远远超过实际的使用量。”由第一个词traditionally可知文章首句为老观点(由于风的不确定性，风媒植物要产生大量花粉补偿)，那么本文的结构是“新老观点对比型”。
第二段首句出现了GRE阅读中的标志性转折词however，说明这句话就是新观点：“但是，风媒植物所独有的一系列特征可减少花粉浪费。”这说明风媒植物除了可以产生大量花粉加以补偿的消极策略之外，还可以通过一些积极机制减少花粉损失，不一定需要产生大量花粉。
3. 现象解释型(包含问题-解决方案型)
GRE阅读文章的第三种常见结构是“现象解释型”。文章开始提出一个现象，然后解释现象。解释是主题。有多个解释时，作者一般对前面的解释持负面评价，对最后的解释持正面评价。提出现象时的标志词有：phenomenon, fact; problem, difficulty, puzzle, question等。例如，
What causes a helix in nature to appear with either a dextral (“right-handed,”or clockwise) twist or a sinistral (“left-handed,” or counterclockwise') twist is one of the most intriguing puzzles in the science of form…What mechanisms, control handedness and keep left-handedness rare?
It would seem unlikely that evolution should discriminate against sinistral snails if sinistral and dextral snails are exact mirror images, for any disadvantage that a sinistral twist in itself could confer on its possessor is almost inconceivable. But left- and right-handed snails are not actually true mirror images of one another…
But this evolutionary mechanism combining dissymmetry, anatomy, and chance does not provide an adequate explanation of why right-handedness should have become predominant…
Here, the evolutionary theory must defer to a theory based on an explicit developmental mechanism that can favor either right- or left-handedness…Thus, the path to a solution to the puzzle of handedness in all snails appears to be as twisted as the helix itself。
是什么样的原因致使自然界中的螺旋体呈现出右旋(“右向旋转的”，或顺时针的)或左旋(“左向旋转的，”或反时针的)?这是形态科学中一个最引人入胜的不解之谜....。。究竟是一些什么样的机制控制着旋转方向，并使左旋的比例为数稀少呢??
假如左旋和右旋蜗牛呈完全一致的镜像对称的话，那么进化对左旋蜗牛不利，这近乎不太可能。几乎无法想象左旋本身会给左旋者带来任何不利之处。然而，左旋与右旋蜗牛彼此间实际上并不呈真正的镜像对称....
但是，这种结合不对称、解剖学和偶然性的进化论机制并未提供一种充分的解释，以说明蜗牛的右旋何以会成为主要的旋向....
于是，进化论必须让位于支持右旋或左旋的明确的发育机制为基础的理论....。。因此，解决所有蜗牛身上旋向之谜的道路似乎与这一螺旋体本身一样曲折复杂。
上文在第一段最后提出一个问题：“究竟是一些什么样的机制控制着旋转方向，并使左旋的比例为数稀少呢??”这个问题就是一个现象：螺旋体中左旋的比例少。有问题就有解答，有现象就有解释。第二段从进化论的角度解释这一现象。但是，GRE阅读文章中一般对进化论的解释持负面评价，所以需要寻找新的解释。第三段否定了进化论的解释。在末段，作者以发育机制(developmental mechanism)解释“为何左旋少、右旋多”。
把握了文章的三种主体结构以后，做文章后的许多题时易如反掌。以上述的“结论——解释型”文章为例，如果熟悉文章的主体结构，下面两道题就很容易找到正确答案。
1. The passage is primarily concerned with
(A) describing an important technique
(B) discussing a new method
(C) investigating a controversial procedure
(D) announcing a significant discovery
(E) promoting a novel application
正确答案对应文章首句的主题句。因此(A)为正确答案。
2. Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage?
(A) A method is criticized, and an alternative is suggested
(B) An illustration is examined, and some errors are exposed
(C) An assertion is made, and a procedure is outlined
(D) A series of examples is presented, and a conclusion is drawn
(E) A hypothesis is advanced, and supporting evidence is supplied
本文的结构是“结论—解释型”，因此(C)为正确答案。
GRE阅读：能源消费(逻辑)
Between 1970 and 1980, energy consumption by United States industry peaked and then declined, so that by 1980 total industrial use of energy was below the 1970 level even though total industrial output had grown substantially in the same period. Industry must have instituted highly effective energy conservation measures in those years to have achieved such impressive results.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the conclusion of the argument?
(A) Many industries switched to the greatest extent possible from high-priced oil to lower-priced alternatives throughout the 1970's.
(B) Total residential energy consumption was higher in the United States in 1980 than it had been in 1970
(C) Many industrial users of energy had paid little attention to energy conservation prior to 1970.
(D) Industrial output grew less rapidly from 1970 to 1980 than it had from 1960 to 1970.
(E) The industries whose production dropped sharply during the 1970's included a disproportionately large number of energy-intensive industries.
篇7：GRE考试阅读重要原则
GRE考试阅读重要原则
原则一：迅速读懂
原则二：利用语法、不靠语法
即在GRE阅读中，考生永远也不需要再考场上分析一句话的语法成分，也不要想这句话有没有语法错误，考生的唯一任务就是现场迅速的读懂文章。
然而在初期可以少量的运用语法，目的有二：一为初学者如果看不懂句子得结构，往往会感到心情沮丧，或大脑混乱，根本就读不尽文章，因此引入语法能够给读者以信心;二为运用语法，可以了解文章的语法结构，并最终完全熟悉各种类型的句子，达到一遍就可以读懂句子得效果。
原则三：学练结合，以连为主
训练的类别：1、难句阅读训练;2、阅读理解力训练;即“懂”3、阅读速度与阅读习惯训练，即“迅速”。
实际上，对于英语语法得学习，包括对英文单词的中文释意的记忆和对英语句子得中文翻译，都只是我们学习英语的辅助工具;我们最终的目的，是为了提高对英语的实际使用能力。具体到GRE阅读考试的应用上，就是看到英语句子时，正确的做法不应该是现场分析出其余法结构，再背出每个单词的中文释意，再把这些中文单词串成句子，最后才根据翻译出来的中文来想这句话的意思是什么，而是读到每个单词、每一句话的时候，大脑中的第一反映是其意思而不是中文释意。
在进行GRE阅读训练时候，有几个建议提供给大家：
要点一：在难巨资进行的阅读和训练中，只以在大脑中反映出所读英文的意思(不是中文释意)为唯一目的。什么时候读者发现自己完全消除了在阅读过程中的在大脑中的中文释意和语法分析过程，此要求即达到。
四种训练方式：a、意群训练;b、不回视训练;c、合理化原则推力训练;d、速度与理解力的平衡点训练
a、意群训练：以几个相邻的表示同类意思的词为阅读的对象，而不是单个的单词。同时避免发声阅读，克服内心的声音和喉头与嘴唇的颤动，关键是：
要点二：眼睛在阅读材料上移动的速度要比自己在心中或喉头出生阅读的速度要快
b、不回视训练：保证第一遍阅读时的高度注意力，避免回视，关键是：
要点三：在阅读文章时，都要注意整句的回视现象，坚持一遍就都下来
c、合理化训练：根据文章中得上下文的逻辑推理，将不懂得地方进行合理推理。
要点四：凡遇到不懂得地方，就用合理化推理进行推理
d、速度与理解力的平衡点训练：
一、推出自己的速度与理解力的平衡点;二、在阅读中根据所读的内容的难度和重要性程度，调整自己的现场阅读速度
要点五：贵在坚持，不可半途而废。
GRE阅读，就是充斥着一些或很长、或很怪异的句子，称之为GRE难句。句子，作为任何阅读文章最基本的阅读单位，其重要性不言而喻。
GRE长难句练习及解析：期的纺织厂主们
For instance, early textile-mill entrepreneurs, in justifying women’s employment in wage labor, made much of the assumption that women were by nature skillful at detailed tasks and patient in carrying out repetitive chores; the mill owners thus imported into the new industrial order hoary stereotypes associated with the homemaking activities they presumed to have been the purview of women.
【标识】
For instance, early textile-mill entrepreneurs, 1[in justifying women’s employment] 2[in wage labor], made much of the assumption 3[that women were by nature skillful at detailed tasks and patient in carrying out repetitive chores]; the mill owners thus imported into the new industrial order 4[hoary stereotypes] 5[associated with the homemaking activities] 6[that they presumed] 7[to have been the purview of women].
【难点】
1. 介词结构倒装。in justifying women’s employment修饰entrepreneurs。2. 介词结构倒装。in wage labor修饰women’s employment。3. 同位语从句。that引导的同位语从句进一步解释assumption。4. 宾语倒装。hoary stereotypes是imported的直接宾语。5. 分词结构倒装。associated with the homemaking activities修饰stereotypes。6. 定语从句及省略。that引导的定语从句修饰activities，此处省略引导词that。7. 介词结构倒装。to have been the purview of women修饰activities。
【译文】
比如，早期的纺织厂主们在说明他们在工资劳动中雇佣妇女的理由时，已经做了很大程度的假设，他们认为妇女天生就擅长做细活，并在进行重复性的杂务时也更加细心;因此，早期的纺织厂主们就把这样的陈词滥调引入到了新的工业秩序中，即认为家务劳动是妇女的天职。
【3s版本】
纺织厂主倾向于雇女工是因为他们的成见认为妇女擅长干细致的家务活。
GRE阅读：长难句分析
With the conclusion of a burst activity , the lactic acid level is high in the body fluids , leaving the large animal vulnerable to attack until the acid is reconverted , via oxidative metabolism , by the liver into glucose , which is then sent (in part) back to the muscles for glycogen resynthesis .(4+)
难句类型：复杂修饰、插入语、专有名词
译文：随着爆发出来的运动的结束，再体液中乳酸含量会变得很高，使得大型动物处于容易受到攻击的状态，直到乳酸通过有氧新陈代谢，被肝脏转化成(convert into)葡萄糖，而葡萄糖接下来又会(部分)传送回肌肉中重新合成糖原 。
解释：本句中修饰成分极多，以分词修饰和介词结构修饰为主，作各种类型的状语。前面的状语和主句还好理解，从leaving开始句子变难;leaving引导的直到句末的结构来做整个句子的状语;分词中又包含了三个状语，其中的两个via oxidative metabolism by the liver又起到了插入语的作用，把be converted into拆成两段。
本句的另外一个特征是其中充斥着专有名词。其中的body fluids, oxidative和resynthesis通过字面的意思或者根据词头、词根我们还是应该猜出其意思的，lactic acid, metabolism和muscle这三个词在生物类文章中极其常用，大家应该背下来;而glycogen这种东西则没办法，只能作一个首字母提炼。但是请记住，GRE和GMAT文章中只要出现了这种专有名词，出题者是一定会在文章中把它在文章中所乃至的词义解释清楚的，所以读者遇到文章中做了解释的专有名词，应该力求把解释看懂。
意群训练：With the conclusion of a burst activity , the lactic acid level is high in the body fluids , leaving the large animalvulnerable to attack until the acid is reconverted , via oxidative metabolism , by the liver into glucose , which is then sent (in part )back to the muscles for glycogen resynthesis .
Hardy’s weakness derived from his apparent inability to control the comings and goings of these divergent impulses and from his unwillingness to cultivate and sustain the energetic and risky ones. (难度3)
难句类型：复杂修饰、省略、抽象词
译文：哈代的缺陷一方面缘起于他的某种明显的无能，无法控制好那结不尽相同的创作冲动的穿梭往来;另一方面缘起于他不愿意去培养和维持那些富于生机活力和风险性强的创作冲动。
解释：介词from的宾语有两个并列的部分，由and所连接，在and之后的第二个from前，省略了前面一样的谓语动词derive。本句之所以难，有两个原因，一是derived from 后面的成分太长，初学者难以一下子看下来;二是作为一篇文科文章，用词抽象，难以迅速理解。
意群训练：Hardy's weakenss derived from his apparent inability to control the comings and goings of these divergent impulses and from his unwillingness to cultivate and sustain the energyetic and risky ones.
