雅思阅读遇到不认识生词怎么办

“zihan”通过精心收集，向本站投稿了8篇雅思阅读遇到不认识生词怎么办，这次小编给大家整理后的雅思阅读遇到不认识生词怎么办，供大家阅读参考。

雅思阅读遇到不认识生词怎么办

篇1：雅思阅读遇到不认识生词怎么办

雅思阅读遇生词很常见，考生很有可能就会在生词陷阱上丢分，下面我们为大家讲解雅思阅读四种猜词方法。

雅思阅读遇到不认识生词推荐这些猜词方法!

一、同义词猜词

很多时候，单词的意思我们可以通过找到其意思相同或者类似的单词来进行解释。

常见标志词：like, the same as, similar to, means, refer to, that is to say, namely equal to...

Just like his taciturn father, Jon rarely says anything at family gatherings.

我们这里可以看出“taciturn”的词义和“rarely says anything”类似。我们可能对“rarely”这个单词不太熟悉或者不是很肯定其意思，但是我们仔细一看发现“rarely says anything”, “anything”出卖了“rarely”这个单词。“只阅读，不理解”，我们虽然不知道“rarely”的具体意思，但是我们知道，一般来说，anything用在表示否定的句子中，所以“rarely says anything”, 很有可能指的是“很少说话”，所以“taciturn’”的意思是“沉默寡言，话少的”。

PS:平常经常提到的“rare species”, 意思是指“珍稀物种”，所以rare这个单词指的是“稀少的、稀有的”。比如资源变得稀少，我们可以写成“the natural resources are increasingly becoming rare.”

二、标点符号猜词

某些表示解释性质的标点符号也可以作为猜词的一个关键点。

常见标点符号：-- :

George is a scrooge: he thinks only of money and will not spend a penny on anything he can get free.

我们根据解释型的标点符号—冒号后面的内容来大致猜测“scrooge”的词义。“他想到的只有钱，只要能够免费获得，就绝不多花一个子儿!”这种人除了“吝啬鬼、守财奴”还有谁!不过，大家如果看过狄更斯的A Christmas Carol(《圣诞赞歌》)这本书，应该知道其中的主人公的名字就是“Scrooge”, 他每天最大的乐趣就是关起房门，点上蜡烛，把他多年积攒的金币一个个地数，数完了重新再数。他没有朋友，不要亲人，只要金钱，是一个不折不扣的守财奴啊!不过也得佩服这位英国的文学大师，起的名字倒是贴切至极!

三、同位语猜词

同位语在语法上，一般是插入到句子中间，解释或者补充句子的某个部分。

常见形式：…, …, …或者其他形式的插入语，如(), … --- … --- …

Ethics--the standard of deeds and moral codes accepted by the society--has a powerful effect on modem business communication.

我们可以根据插入语，同位语大致地猜测出，“ethics”指的是“行为准则和道德标准”。其实在很多行业中经常会碰到这个单词，比如“business ethics”指的就是“商业道德”的意思。

四、反义词猜词

如果发现上下文中有反义词，那么通常可以迅速得到生词的词义。

常见标志词：unlike, as opposed to, in contrast, however ; but, while, yet, although, even if, not... But… , different from, unfortunately, ...

During the concert the audience was quiet, but after it ended the crowd became boisterous.

在音乐会期间，观众非常安静;但是结束以后，就变得“boisterous”(喧闹)。

雅思考试阅读模拟试题精选

1. Washing， brushing and varnishing fossils — all standard conservation treatments used by many fossil hunters and museum curators alike — vastly reduces the chances of recovering ancient DNA.

2. Instead， excavators should be handling at least some of their bounty with gloves， and freezing samples as they are found， dirt and all， concludes a paper in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences today.

3. Although many palaeontologists know anecdotally that this is the best way to up the odds of extracting good DNA， Eva-Maria Geigl of the Jacques Monod Institute in Paris， France， and her colleagues have now shown just how important conservation practices can be. This information， they say， needs to be hammered home among the people who are actually out in the field digging up bones.

4. Geigl and her colleagues looked at 3，200-year-old fossil bones belonging to a single individual of an extinct cattle species， called an aurochs. The fossils were dug up at a site in France at two different times — either in 1947， and stored in a museum collection， or in ， and conserved in sterile conditions at -20 oC.

5. The team's attempts to extract DNA from the 1947 bones all failed. The newly excavated fossils， however， all yielded DNA.

6. Because the bones had been buried for the same amount of time， and in the same conditions， the conservation method had to be to blame says Geigl. “As much DNA was degraded in these 57 years as in the 3，200 years before，” she says.Wash in， wash out

7. Because many palaeontologists base their work on the shape of fossils alone， their methods of conservation are not designed to preserve DNA， Geigl explains.

8. The biggest problem is how they are cleaned. Fossils are often washed together on-site in a large bath， which can allow water — and contaminants in the form of contemporary DNA — to permeate into the porous bones. “Not only is the authentic DNA getting washed out， but contamination is getting washed in，” says Geigl.

9. Most ancient DNA specialists know this already， says Hendrik Poinar， an evolutionary geneticist at McMaster University in Ontario， Canada. But that doesn't mean that best practice has become widespread among those who actually find the fossils.

10. Getting hold of fossils that have been preserved with their DNA in mind relies on close relationships between lab-based geneticists and the excavators， says palaeogeneticist Svante P??bo of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig， Germany. And that only occurs in exceptional cases， he says.

11. P??bo's team， which has been sequencing Neanderthal DNA， continually faces these problems. “When you want to study ancient human and Neanderthal remains， there's a big issue of contamination with contemporary human DNA，” he says.

12. This doesn't mean that all museum specimens are fatally flawed， notes P??bo. The Neanderthal fossils that were recently sequenced in his own lab， for example， had been part of a museum collection treated in the traditional way. But P??bo is keen to see samples of fossils from every major find preserved in line with Geigl's recommendations — just in case. Warm and wet

14. Much human cultural development took place in temperate regions. DNA does not survive well in warm environments in the first place， and can vanish when fossils are washed and treated. For this reason， Geigl says， most ancient DNA studies have been done on permafrost samples， such as the woolly mammoth， or on remains sheltered from the elements in cold caves — including cave bear and Neanderthal fossils.

15. Better conservation methods， and a focus on fresh fossils， could boost DNA extraction from more delicate specimens， says Geigl. And that could shed more light on the story of human evolution.(640 words nature )

Glossary Palaeontologists 古生物学家Aurochs 欧洲野牛Neanderthal (人类学)尼安德特人，旧石器时代的古人类。

雅思考试阅读模拟试题精选

Permafrost (地理)永冻层

- Questions 1-6 Answer the following questions by using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.

1. How did people traditionally treat fossils?

2. What suggestions do Geigl and her colleagues give on what should be done when fossils are found?

3. What problems may be posed if fossil bones are washed on-site? Name ONE. 4. What characteristic do fossil bones have to make them susceptible to be contaminated with contemporary DNA when they are washed?

5. What could be better understood when conservation treatments are improved?

6. The passage mentioned several animal species studied by researchers. How many of them are mentioned?

Questions 7-11 Do the following statements agree with the information given in the passage? Please write TRUE if the statement agrees with the writer FALSE if the statement does not agree with the writer NOT GIVEN if there is no information about this in the passage

7. In their paper published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ， Geigl and her colleagues have shown what conservation practices should be followed to preserve ancient DNA.

8. The fossil bones that Geigl and her colleagues studied are all from the same aurochs.

9. Geneticists don‘t have to work on site.

10. Only newly excavated fossil bones using new conservation methods suggested by Geigl and her colleagues contain ancient DNA.

11. Paabo is still worried about the potential problems caused by treatments of fossils in traditional way.

Questions 12-13 Complete the following the statements by choosing letter A-D for each answer. 12. “This information” in paragraph 3 indicates：

[A] It is critical to follow proper practices in preserving ancient DNA.

[B] The best way of getting good DNA is to handle fossils with gloves.

[C] Fossil hunters should wear home-made hammers while digging up bones.

[D] Many palaeontologists know how one should do in treating fossils.

13. The study conducted by Geigl and her colleagues suggests：

[A] the fact that ancient DNA can not be recovered from fossil bones excavated in the past.

[B] the correlation between the amount of burying time and that of the recovered DNA.

[C] the pace at which DNA degrades.

[D] the correlation between conservation practices and degradation of DNA.

1. washing， brushing， varnishing 见第一段。

2. handling with gloves / freezing samples ( any one of the two ) 见第二段。

3. losing authentic DNA / being contaminated / contamination ( any one of the three) 见第八段“Not only is the authentic DNA getting washed out， but contamination is getting washed in”(答being contaminated或 contamination比较保险)

4. they are porous porous 的意思是多孔的。见第八段“…… which can allow water — and contaminants in the form of contemporary DNA — to permeate into the porous bones.”

5. human evolution 见第十五段。其中“shed light on sth”的意思是使某事显得非常清楚，使人了解某事。

6. 4 分别为第四段的“an extinct cattle species， called an aurochs”，即欧洲野牛，已经绝迹;第十一段“Neanderthal”，是人类学用语，尼安德特人，旧石器时代的古人类;第十四段“woolly mammoth”和“cave bear”，其中mammoth是猛犸，一种古哺乳动物。

7. T 见第二段。

8. T 见第四段“Geigl and her colleagues looked at 3，200-year-old fossil bones belonging to a single individual of an extinct cattle species， called an aurochs.”即他们研究的骨化石是一头欧洲野牛身上的。

9. NG

10. F 见第十二段第一、二句话。

11. T 见第十二段末句“But P??bo is keen to see samples of fossils from every major find preserved in line with Geigl's recommendations — just in case.”意即为保险起见，Paabo还是非常希望见到用Geigl建议的方法保存的化石样本。“just in case” 的意思是以防万一，就是Paabo对用传统保存处理的化石不放心的意思。

12. A 见第三段。This information就是前一句中“…… just how important conservation practices can be”(to preserve good DNA)。“be hammered”之中hammer一词的意思是不断重复强调。

13. D 面信息。需要理解文章各处关于Geigl和她的同事所作的研究

雅思阅读遇到不认识生词怎么办

篇2：雅思阅读遇到生词你该这么办

莫慌!雅思阅读遇到生词你该这么办

为了更好地表达文章的主旨，揭示所要诠释的思想，作者常常在文章中对一些比较重要的词汇vocabulary、概念concept和难懂的术语terminology等做出一些解释，这种解释称作针对性解释，它可以提供明确的信息，可以利用这些针对性解释来猜测词义。

雅思阅读猜词之根据定义

如果生词是句子或段落所解释的定义，理解句子或段落本身就是推断词义。

例如：1.Anthropology is the scientific study of man。由定义可知，anthropology(人类学)就是“研究人类的科学”。

2.In slang the term “jam” constitutes a state of being in which a person finds himself or herself in a difficult situation。

同样，从上下文的定义可知jam一词在俚语中的意思是“困境”。

定义句的谓语动词多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define, represent, signify, constitute等。

雅思阅读猜词之根据复述

虽然复述不如定义那样严谨、详细，但是提供的信息足以使阅读者猜出生词词义。复述部分可以是单词、短语或是从句。

例如：1.Semantics, the study of the meaning of words, is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently。

此处注意同位语，逗号间短语意为“对词意义进行研究的学科”。该短语与前面生词semanties是同位关系，因此我们不难猜出semantics指“语义学”。

在复述中构成同位关系的两部分之间多用逗号连接，有时也使用破折号，冒号，分号，引号，和括号等。

2.Capacitance, or the ability to store electric charge, is one of the most common characteristics of electronic circuits。

由同位语我们很快猜出生词capacitance词义---电容量。

需要注意的是：同位语前还常有or, similarly, that is to say, in other words, namely, or other, say i. e. 等副词或短语出现。

3.定语从句Krabacber suffers from SAD, which is short for seasonal affective disorder, a syndrome characterized by severe seasonal mood swings。

根据生词SAD后面定语从句which is short for seasonal affective disorder和同位语a syndrome characterized by severe seasonal mood swings, 我们可以推断出 SAD含义，即“季节性情绪紊乱症”。

雅思阅读猜词之根据举例

恰当的举例能够提供猜测生词的重要线索。

例如：1.The consequences of epochal events such as wars and great scientific discoveries are not confined to a small geographical area as they were in the past。

句中“战争”和“重大科学发现”是生词的实例，通过它们我们可以猜出epochal的大致词义“重要的”，这与其确切含义“划时代的”十分接近。

雅思阅读中所出的文章范围广，领域涉及多面，因此，要考生完全读懂文章是不可能的。这就需要考生们要具有根据上下文或者关键词来猜测词义与长难句的能力。小“烤鸭”们，不要再害怕因读不懂文章而阅读低分了，只要掌握方法并且加强训练，相信每一位同学都可以在雅思阅读考试中获得好成绩!

雅思阅读素材积累： Runaway Devils Lake

Devils Lake is where I began my career as a limnologist in 1964, studying

the lake's neotenic salamanders and chironomids, or midge flies. Back then, the

lake covered about 80 square kilometers, had a maximum depth of about 3 meters

and held about 130,000 acre-feet of water. The lake has since risen 13 meters,

from a surface elevation of 430 meters above mean sea level to 443 meters.

Estimated lake volume is now 4.1 million acre-feet, or about 32 times greater

than it was in 1964, and about 370 times greater than it was in 1940 when the

lake stood at a record low elevation of 427 meters.

The Devils Lake Basin is an endorheic, or closed, basin covering about

9,800 square kilometers in northeastern North Dakota. The basin is at the

epicenter of an unprecedented wet period in the lake's modern-day history going

back to 1867, when the lake's surface elevation was first measured. Basin

climate has become substantially wetter since 1990, with the years 1990 through

ranking as the wettest 20-year period in more than a century. The National

Weather Service has referred to this trend as “the new climate” for the Devils

Lake region, cautiously predicting that the current weather pattern may continue

for several decades and possibly intensify. Indeed, the agency has warned that

the region faces the strong possibility of an “unprecedented fourth consecutive

major spring flood threat in .”

Rising lake waters have flooded much of the region, engulfing hundreds of

homes and farmsteads, more than 650 square kilometers of productive farmland,

major highways and bridges, state parks, Native American tribal lands,

historical landmarks and more than half a million trees. Submerged too is the

North Dakota Biological Station, a two-story limnological facility established

in 1909 to study the lake's unusual ecology and biogeochemistry. Portions of

U.S. Highway 281 are now underwater, which has forced the relocation of this

principal north-south highway several kilometers to the west. Other roads and

highways are either extremely hazardous or simply impassable because of

encroaching floodwaters. Amtrak and the BNSF Railway may have to reroute their

trains over more southern lines as rising waters threaten to wash out roadbeds

and bridges. The small town of Minnewaukan, once located 13 kilometers west of

the lake, is now partly underwater, and many of its 300-plus residents have been

forced to abandon their homes. Only a handful of people remain in Churchs Ferry

and nearby Penn, communities established more than a century ago. The city of

Devils Lake, North Dakota's eleventh largest city with about 7,000 residents,

sits behind a U.S. Army Corps of Engineers levee that protects the community

from storm-generated waves that reportedly reach 2 meters or more in height.

Without the levee, 3 to 4 meters of water would now cover parts of the city. To

date, efforts by federal, state and local governments to control flooding and

protect communities exceed $1 billion, a cost that is rising as fatefully as

lake waters.

Ancient Lake Minnewaukan

Devils Lake owes its existence to a continental glacier that covered much

of North America during the Pleistocene Epoch. Carving a basin as it advanced

over the landscape, the glacier deposited excavated materials along its leading

edges, leaving terminal moraines marking the farthest extent of glacial ice

sheets. Near the end of the Pleistocene, roughly 11,000 years ago, the glacier

began its retreat. As the glacier withdrew, glacial meltwaters poured into the

basin, creating a vast proglacial lake dammed by morainal deposits. Native

Americans called this lake Minnewaukan, meaning, among other possible

interpretations, Bad Spirit Water. Recent flooding has perhaps given credence to

a legend told by those Native Americans, claiming that the lake once overflowed

and flooded the entire world.

Based on abandoned beaches, or strand lines, geologists estimate that the

ancestral lake reached a maximum surface elevation of between 444 and 445

meters. At that elevation, the lake covered about 1,050 square kilometers, held

about 5 million acre-feet of water and had a maximum depth of around 50 meters.

A natural outlet called Tolna Coulee, which allowed water to flow out of the

basin and prevented the lake from rising and expanding further, controlled the

maximum elevation. How often the lake has overflowed is uncertain, but

geologists believe it has happened at least twice over the past 4,000 years,

most recently around 2,000 years ago.

During the centuries that followed the lake's origin, climate shifts caused

water levels to fluctuate between 6 and 12 meters every few hundred years.

Sediment analyses by geologist Edward Callender, published in his 1968

University of North Dakota doctoral thesis, indicated that the lake might have

been completely dry 6,500 years ago. After the lake last rose to its maximum

elevation and began overflowing, water levels continued to fluctuate in response

to alternating dry and wet periods. A persistently dry climate 500 to 600 years

ago held levels at relatively low elevations for perhaps as long as 200 years.

Wetter conditions followed, raising the lake to levels that prevailed until the

late 1800s. Levels then began dropping precipitously, falling to the

lowest-recorded elevation by 1940 before rising again.

Whether Lake Minnewaukan was completely dry at times or not, periodic

drawdowns during dry conditions reduced its immense volume to numerous remnant

lakes scattered across the south-central region of the basin. Nonindigenous

people who settled the region beginning in the mid-1800s named the largest and

most prominent of these remnants “Devils Lake,” perhaps because of the lake's

highly saline, undrinkable water, or perhaps in tribute to Sioux warriors whose

canoes were often capsized in the lake's treacherous, storm-tossed waters.

In 1964, Devils Lake consisted of three principal basins called West Bay,

Main Bay and East Bay. West Bay then was essentially dry and Main Bay covered

about 53 square kilometers. The Rock Island State Military Reservation separated

East Bay—which covered about 27 square kilometers—from Main Bay. According to T.

E. B. Pope of the U.S. Bureau of Fisheries, Main Bay and East Bay had become

isolated during the 1890s after lake levels dropped about 6 meters during the

previous 25 to 30 years. Besides Devils Lake, other major lakes nearby included

Pelican Lake to the west and, to the east, East Devils Lake, Swan Lake, West

Stump Lake and East Stump Lake, in that order.

Water Supply and Overflows

Devils Lake receives nearly all of its water from surface runoff and direct

precipitation. Most surface-water runoff originates from a chain of remnant

lakes located a few kilometers north of Devils Lake, although many of these

smaller lakes have now merged with Devils Lake as the water levels rise. (By

September , for example, Devils Lake and all of the lakes to the

east—including the two Stump lakes—had completely merged.) Total annual inflows

ranged from near zero during the drought-stricken 1930s to nearly 400,000

acre-feet in 1993. Inflows, averaging 65,500 acre-feet annually between 1950 and

1993, rose to 317,000 acre-feet annually between 1993 and , a fivefold

increase. The years 1993 to 1995 contributed 24 percent of all inflow to Devils

Lake between 1950 and 1995.

雅思阅读遇到不认识生词怎么办 If Devils Lake rises approximately two additional meters and begins

overflowing, as scientists predict it will, lake waters will enter the Sheyenne

River. The Sheyenne, which originates 50 kilometers west of the river's juncture

with the Tolna Coulee outlet, meanders on an easterly course that lies about 15

kilometers south of the Devils Lake Basin. After turning south, the river is

impounded by a Corps of Engineers dam (Bald Hill Dam) located 20 kilometers

north of Valley City, a town of about 6,300 residents. The dam's narrow

reservoir (Lake Ashtabula) extends 43 kilometers upstream and contains about

71,000 acre-feet of water at full capacity. After passing through Valley City,

the river joins the Red River of the North near the city of Fargo. The Red River

flows northward before emptying into Canada's Lake Winnipeg.

Like climate predictions in general, predictions about when the current

lake will overflow are rife with uncertainty. For example, in a report published

in , the U.S. Geological Survey predicted that the probability of the lake

exceeding 443 meters between years 2008 and was only 10 percent, but the

lake reached that elevation in . Also predicted was a 50-percent probability

that the lake would not exceed an elevation of 442 meters between 2008 and 2040.

In fact, the lake had reached 442 meters by June 2009. Recent computer

simulations predict that the probability of the lake overflowing by 2030 is only

15 to 20 percent, even with planned man-made outlets in operation. That scenario

may prove to be far too optimistic, however, given that precipitation totals

during water year 2011 (October 1–September 30), which are forecast to continue,

raised the lake 0.7 meters.

篇3：雅思阅读生词看不懂怎么办

雅思阅读生词看不懂怎么办如何做生词预判?

雅思阅读主要是考察考生的同义词和同义句的理解，并不是说认识越多的生词越好。尤其是有些雅思阅读文章中涉及一些专业词汇和术语，平时很难用到。通过雅思生词的预判，考生可以在不影响做题的情况下，用最短的时间完成对雅思阅读文章的整体掌握。

为了更好地表达文章的主旨，揭示所要诠释的思想，作者往往常常在文章中对一些比较重要的词汇、概念和难懂的术语等做出一些解释，这种解释称作针对性解释，它可以提供明确的信息，可以利用这些针对性解释来猜测词义。

1、生词预判之定义句

在雅思阅读中，如果生词是句子或段落所解释的定义，理解句子或段落本身就是推断词义。

例如： anthropology is the scientific study of man。

由定义可知，anthropology就是“研究人类的科学”。

In slang the term “jam” constitutes a state of being in which a personfinds himself or herself in a difficult situation。

同样，从雅思阅读上下文的定义可知jam一词在俚语中的意思是“困境”。定义句的谓语动词多为：be, mean, deal with, beconsidered, to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define, represent, signify,constitute等。

2、生词预判之猜测词义

虽然复述不如定义那样严谨、详细，但是提供的信息足以使阅读者猜出生词词义。复述部分可以适当词、短语或是从句。

同位语 Semantics, the study of the meaning of words, is necessary if you areto speak and read intelligently。

此例逗号中短语意为“对词意义进行研究的学科”。该短语与前面生词semanties式同位关系，因此我们不难猜出semanties指“语义学”。

在复述中构成同位关系的两部分之间多用逗号连接，有时也使用破折号，冒号，分号，引号，和括号等。

Capacitance, or the ability to store electric charge, is one of the mostcommon characteristics of electronic circuits。

由同位语我们很快猜出生词capacitance词义---电容量。

需要注意的是：同位语前还常有or, similarly, that is to say, in other words, namely, orother, say i. e. 等副词或短语出现。

定语从句 Krabacber suffers from SAD, which is short for seasonal affectivedisorder, a syndrome characterized by severe seasonal mood swings。

根据生词SAD后面定语从句which is short for seasonal affective disorder和同位语a syndromecharacterized by severe seasonal mood swings, 我们可以推断出 SAD含义，即“季节性情绪紊乱症”。

3、生词预判之前后句线索

恰当的举例能够提供猜测生词的重要线索，例如：

The consequences of epochal events such as wars and great scientificdiscoveries are not confined to a small geographical area as they were in thepast。

句中“战争”和“重大科学发现”是生词的实例，通过它们我们可以猜出epochal的大致词义“重要的”，这与其确切含义“划时代的”十分接近。

雅思阅读中所出的文章范围广，领域涉及多面，因此，要考生完全读懂文章是不可能的。这就需要考生们要具有根据上下文或者关键词来猜测词义与长难句的能力。

综上，雅思阅读中涉及到多个学科领域的文章生词，但雅思考试终归不是考察考生的词汇量的掌握，而是阅读理解能力，所以，生词预判能力的掌握能更好地帮助考生在有限时间内完成雅思阅读考试。这个能力需要考生在不断的练习中去总结经验，理论知识已经给到给位了，剩下的还是要靠考生自己。

雅思考试阅读模拟练习及答案

Don’t wash those fossils!

Standard museum practice can wash away DNA.

1. Washing， brushing and varnishing fossils — all standard conservation treatments used by many fossil hunters and museum curators alike — vastly reduces the chances of recovering ancient DNA.

5. The team’s attempts to extract DNA from the 1947 bones all failed. The newly excavated fossils， however， all yielded DNA.

Wash in， wash out

7. Because many palaeontologists base their work on the shape of fossils alone， their methods of conservation are not designed to preserve DNA， Geigl explains.

9. Most ancient DNA specialists know this already， says Hendrik Poinar， an evolutionary geneticist at McMaster University in Ontario， Canada. But that doesn’t mean that best practice has become widespread among those who actually find the fossils.

10. Getting hold of fossils that have been preserved with their DNA in mind relies on close relationships between lab-based geneticists and the excavators， says palaeogeneticist Svante P bo of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig， Germany. And that only occurs in exceptional cases， he says.

11. P bo’s team， which has been sequencing Neanderthal DNA， continually faces these problems. “When you want to study ancient human and Neanderthal remains， there’s a big issue of contamination with contemporary human DNA，” he says.

12. This doesn’t mean that all museum specimens are fatally flawed， notes P bo. The Neanderthal fossils that were recently sequenced in his own lab， for example， had been part of a museum collection treated in the traditional way. But P bo is keen to see samples of fossils from every major find preserved in line with Geigl’s recommendations — just in case.

Warm and wet

13. Geigl herself believes that， with cooperation between bench and field researchers， preserving fossils properly could open up avenues of discovery that have long been assumed closed.

(640 words nature )

Glossary

Palaeontologists 古生物学家

Aurochs 欧洲野牛

Neanderthal (人类学)尼安德特人，旧石器时代的古人类。

Permafrost (地理)永冻层

雅思考试阅读模拟练习及答案

Questions 1-6

Answer the following questions by using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.

1. How did people traditionally treat fossils?

2. What suggestions do Geigl and her colleagues give on what should be done when fossils are found?

3. What problems may be posed if fossil bones are washed on-site? Name ONE.

4. What characteristic do fossil bones have to make them susceptible to be contaminated with contemporary DNA when they are washed?

5. What could be better understood when conservation treatments are improved?

6. The passage mentioned several animal species studied by researchers. How many of them are mentioned?

Questions 7-11

Do the following statements agree with the information given in the passage? Please write

TRUE if the statement agrees with the writer

FALSE if the statement does not agree with the writer

NOT GIVEN if there is no information about this in the passage

7. In their paper published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ， Geigl and her colleagues have shown what conservation practices should be followed to preserve ancient DNA.

8. The fossil bones that Geigl and her colleagues studied are all from the same aurochs.

9. Geneticists don’t have to work on site.

10. Only newly excavated fossil bones using new conservation methods suggested by Geigl and her colleagues contain ancient DNA.

11. Paabo is still worried about the potential problems caused by treatments of fossils in traditional way.

Questions 12-13

Complete the following the statements by choosing letter A-D for each answer.

12. “This information” in paragraph 3 indicates：

[A] It is critical to follow proper practices in preserving ancient DNA.

[B] The best way of getting good DNA is to handle fossils with gloves.

[C] Fossil hunters should wear home-made hammers while digging up bones.

[D] Many palaeontologists know how one should do in treating fossils.

13. The study conducted by Geigl and her colleagues suggests：

[A] the fact that ancient DNA can not be recovered from fossil bones excavated in the past.

[B] the correlation between the amount of burying time and that of the recovered

DNA.

[C] the pace at which DNA degrades.

[D] the correlation between conservation practices and degradation of DNA.

(by Zhou Hong)

篇4：雅思写作审题遇到生词易跑题怎么办

雅思写作最重要的要求就是：雅思写作要扣紧主题，符合题意。否则，再精彩、语言再优美、论据再充实，作文也无法得到高分。

雅思写作审题遇到生词易跑题?试试这些方法

雅思写作偏题原因：生词

生词，是考生审题出现偏差最普遍的问题。一方面，雅思考生越来越低龄化：很多考生年龄小，大多数词汇量非常少，有的考生能够认识的单词甚至还不到1000个。另一方面，雅思的大作文考题尤其是学术类的，话题偏重于社会话题，语言偏书面化，因此有很多考生，其中不乏许多大学生，都会有此感慨：题目有单词不认识啊。

▲对策

①积累话题核心词

1.何谓“题干核心词”

雅思议论文题目虽多，但是会有一些出现频率比较高的实意词即为：“题干核心词”。

2.学习“题干核心词”的方法

对于“题干核心词”的学习，建议考生从“写作机经”入手，找出题干中出现的实意词并作积累。

●请看以下雅思真题：

1. International travel often leads people to have someprejudicesrather than broad-mind. What are the main reasons of this phenomenon? What do you think people can do to get better understanding of the countries they visit?

2. International travelsometimes makes people more prejudicedrather thanboard-minded. Give out reasons why it cannot bring benefits to those visitors. Do you have ways to improve people's understanding of the countries they visit?

上述两道雅思真题虽然提问方式有所不同，但是题干中核心词是相同的，而且尤其是“prejudice”一词是理解难度比较大的。因此，如果考生认真复习机经积累题干中的实意词，那么，遇到生词的几率就将大大降低。

②借助连接词

1.何谓“连接词”

连接词主要是表明“词与词”或“句与句”或“段与段”之间关系的词。在题干中出现比较多的，能够帮助考生猜测词义的是：表示比较、转折、让步、并列的连接词。

2.学习“连接词”的方法

建议考生可以按照连接词所表示的不同逻辑分别记忆。

题目中出现频率较多的连接词有：

表示比较：in contrast， by comparison， similarly， while

表示转折：however， on the other hand， nevertheless

表示让步：although， despite， in spite of

表示并列：and

●请看以下雅思真题：

Many people believe that today there is a general increase inanti-social behaviorand lack of respect for others. What might have caused this situation? How to improve it?

在这道雅思题目中，anti-social behavior是一个具有相当难度的词。在考生词汇面与量都不令人满意的情况下，这个词是很难理解的。当然，如果有的考生背过前缀的话，他也能理解这个词。但是，事实是很少有考生会背前缀，因为它太枯燥了。那么，我们借助并列连接词“and”能否猜出这个生词的意思呢?答案是肯定的。“lack of respect for others”表示对他人不尊重，是不利于社会和谐的行为。那么，和它并列的“antisocial behavior”呢?当然也是对社会不利的行为了，也就是“反社会行为”。

雅思写作范文及解析：关于online shopping的讨论

雅思写作题目：In modern society, it is possible to go shopping, work and communicate via the Internet without face-to-face contact with one another. To what extent do you think this is a positive or negative development?

雅思写作题目讲解：

首段：背景描述 + 论点转述(正向 / 反向 ) + 自己的观点

第二段：支持/反对的观点论点 +理由

第三段：支持/反对的观点论点+ 例证

第四段：让步段 “让步+转折句”即观点的合理性，+对此观点的反驳

第五段：总结全文 +强调观点 +得出结论(提倡的解决措施)

雅思写作范文：

Science and technology developing rapidly, especially for the Internet popularizing, gives rise to various considerable changing and advantages , in terms of online shopping , relative money logger applying widely and enhancing the effectiveness of the work greatly, etc .However, the potentially detrimental impact from Internet can not be ignored, which is conspicuously embodies in the alienation between individuals and the deficiency of skills of effective communication .After the thoughtful and serious consideration , I prefer to harbor the above perspective that the Internet has its own demerits and localization more .

科学技术的迅猛发展，特别是互联网的普及，使网上购物、相对理财工具的广泛应用以及工作效率的大幅度提高等方面产生了各种可观的变化和优势。互联网的三重影响不容忽视，这突出地体现在个人之间的疏离和有效沟通技巧的缺乏上。经过深思熟虑和认真考虑，我倾向于持有互联网有自己的观点。缺点和定位更多。

To begin with, emotional alienation between individuals has been the irreversible tendency of the current society. Namely, an increasingly prevalent number of individuals in current society consider the Internet as the indispensable part of life to devote more time and energy into entertaining on it, unavoidably, to exacerbate the preference and awareness of everyone living in the self-centered world without too much considering the relation and emotion with others.

首先，人与人之间的情感异化一直是当今社会不可逆转的趋势。也就是说，在当今社会中，越来越多的人认为互联网是生活中不可缺少的一部分，为了花费更多的时间和精力在互联网上娱乐，不可避免地会加剧生活在以自我为中心的世界中的每个人的偏好和意识。多考虑与他人的关系和情感。

Besides, the Internet disseminating and applying widely exerts the devastating impact on the social skills of individuals .For example, Individuals can tackle almost various issues and troubles in daily routine by using the Internet, inevitably, resulting in lacking of face-to-face verbal communication and coordination with others, even to lose the skills of coping with the practical issues in daily life in private with clear trait of thought and effective approach.

此外，互联网的广泛传播和应用对个人的社会技能产生了破坏性的影响。例如，个人在日常工作中，不可避免地会利用互联网解决各种各样的问题和麻烦，导致缺乏面对面的语言交流。与他人交往和协调，甚至丧失了处理日常生活中实际问题的能力，具有清晰的思维品质和有效的途径。

There is no denying that the Internet not only brings about the convenient and fast, but provides the unprecedented platform to communicate with individuals without going outside, however, from another point of view, remaining within doors to communicate tend to exacerbate the emotional alienation between individuals further and emerge with the loss of skills of adapting to society and dealing with specific issue that confused them in daily life.

毋庸置疑，互联网不仅带来了方便快捷，而且为个人提供了前所未有的交流平台，而不走出门外，然而，从另一个角度来看，留在门内交流往往加剧了情感的疏离。在个人之间，随着适应社会和处理日常生活中使他们困惑的特定问题的技能的丧失而进一步浮现。

On balance, based on the above analyzing and thought ,conspicuously , I firmly harbor the perspective that Internet has the compelling obligation to cause the alienation between individuals and certain loss of social skills due to its insuperable limitation .Only when we face up with pessimistic consequence triggered by Internet and take the effective and efficient way can we probably change the deteriorating social phenomenon .

综上所述，基于以上的分析和思考，显然，我坚定地认为，互联网具有强制性的义务来造成个人之间的疏离，以及由于它无法克服的局限性而造成的某些社会技能的损失。互联网引发的系列事件，采取有效而有效的途径，可能改变日益恶化的社会现象。

以上就是关于雅思写作复习经验关于网购话题的解析和范文。但是如何运用地道的语言将文章的中心内容清晰准确表达出来,这就需要大家在平时多读、多背英文相关话题经典金句,积累充足的写作表达素材。争取在最后的写作中,减少构思时间,把主要精力放在推敲英文上,力争将语法、拼写、标点等的低级错误降至最低。最后，建议大家对经典范文进行仿写,不断提升自己的写作水平。

雅思大作文：the education system for today's world

雅思大作文题目：in some countries, secondary schools aim to provide a general education across a range of subjects. In others, children focus on a narrow range of subjects related to a particular career. For today's world, which system is appropriate?Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.

作文范文：

Resource input and immediate goals on education vary according to governmental policies within nations. In regard to secondary schools, some set up the whole range of subjects whereas others provide less for more specific future rewards for teenagers. Nowadays, from my point, I would stand for the latter due to its higher efficiency, more clarified direction and better experience.

Curriculum of all sorts have pros and cons for individuals. One major advantage lies in a wider perception of the world as each course represents a particular field that human beings have been developing and can offer a new perspective. Moreover, the students, through these courses, are prone to foster their initial but real interests and thus can make more rational choice on majors when entering universities. However, secondary schooling becomes more frustrating and shallow because students ought to prepare more subjects for inevitable assessments and less focus is dedicated in each one, which mounts burden and may be less competitive comparing to overseas freshmen in colleges for being too general.

In contrast, a narrower benefits students in different conditions in more persuasive ways. Poor families, especially in counties with less fiscal support on this industry, may drop out their young offsprings if immediate or short-term rewards are not realized from educative investment whereas a certain career out of specialized training guarantees the youth's rights of education. When it comes to the brilliant minds, this pattern ensures these potential specialists a good start as the habit of concentration can be developed. Last but not least, this curriculum setup allows students a smooth fit-in of their first jobs and, if necessary and motivated, they can develop themselves generalists by the time they earn a stable income.

In conclusion, the second system seems more reasonable with the significant superiority but each can be more feasible in different regions and under various circumstances.

雅思大作文：economic growth is the only way to end world poverty and hunger

雅思大作文题目：Some people say that economic growth is the only way to end world poverty and hunger. Others say that economic growth is causing damage to the environment ,and should be stopped now. Discuss both views and give your opinion.Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.

作文范文：

Developed worlds have been devoting real efforts in economy growth since Industrial Revolution and have eventually succeeded in feeding their populations. Thus, some propose that stronger economy is the only approach in eradicating famine and poverty in the global context whereas some others argue that it should not be encouraged for the sake of environmental protection.

The state of being poor and hungry could indeed be improved out of economic development. The two fundamental reasons of this condition are mainly caused by the low amount of income on average and uneven social distribution. In dealing with the first, thriving businesses simply boost the social fortune like food, houses and a variety of products in aggregate, an objective and solid foundation of more resources for each member in the society. As for the second reason, it is extensively acknowledged that the majority of social resources are held by the elite groups in all social forms, but even under this circumstance, an ordinary citizen of a modern developed nation may worry less on the provision of food or welfare services comparing with a normal medieval farmer. As well as those, this method is clearly more humane and sustainable than others such as plundering other societies and eliminating the lower class.

A developing and prospering economy is commonly associated with environmental disruption. This is inevitable because people could not properly handle industrial waste with initial technology and the disposal results in pollution of all sorts. However, cleaner energy is generated and more by-products are reused and recycled with the progress of science and technology, leading to the reduction of pollution in the long term. What is more, the second idea mentioned is ridiculous and infeasible as the human survival and comfort is the top priority for common people and the authorities.

To conclude, I believe the development of economy can not be halted so more people can be relieved from poverty and hunger. Meanwhile, the awareness of protecting environment should be raised before it is too late.

雅思大作文：public museums and art galleries will not be needed

雅思大作文题目：Nowadays，Some people claim that public museums and art galleries will not be needed because people can see historical objects and works of art by using a computer.To what extent you agree or disagree with this opinion? Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.

作文范文：

Museums and art centres have become major tourist attractions within urban areas, and yet some propose that these sites would be visited on websites for intensive spread, alternative preservation and cheaper visiting costs. This argument is partially true.

Virtual visits mainly benefits on three parties. For culture and art, pictures of artefacts and exhibits can be immediately uploaded and globally browsed, which guarantees a significantly faster and wider spread. In regard to relics and works of art, it is beneficial that their pictures uploaded and saved on servers can be easily backed up at present and their three-dimensional models will be established with the progress of virtual reality technology in the future, because they face inevitable ruin out of time and disasters. Consequently in the long run, data of these items are preserved in the form of images and models, entitling descendants to have possible visits. Lastly, viewing artworks online is obviously more economical for visitors.

However, museums and art galleries in reality should not be replaced. One of the main reasons of actual visit is that first-hand observations, embedding deeper impresions, provides better experiences because it is more enjoyable to have a close look at vivid striations on a body sculpture and have a gentle touch on rocks of a castle ramport in comparison with picutures. In addition, these sites are currently the favourite places of interst for tourists and, for the sake of the local tourism income, these attractions are still needed.

To conclude my own view, the tendency of virtualizing many activities seems to be natural and unavoidable and this argument can indeed gain its favour out of solid reasons. Nevertheless, the total replacement of physical existence of the sites will deprive people’s right to sense their real magnificence and marvel.

篇5：雅思阅读时碰到生词怎么办

面对阅读中的生词，我们一定要查字典么?

通过词的前后缀 (前缀表意，后缀表词性)

E.g：Internet—net是“网”，inter-是有互通，互联的意思，所以Internet是“互联网”;

那么national“国家的”变成international就是“国际的”;

City“城市”变成“inter-city”就是“城际的”。

通过符号来看意思--冒号，括号和破折号表解释说明

E.g：Video recordings avoid these problems to a large extent, but even they have limitations (the camera cannot be everywhere), and …(C4T3P3)

这句话中学生若不明白limitation的含义，完全可以通过括号里面的意思猜到limitation是贬义词，就是不好的，对于理解不理解的到是“限制”的意思对做题没有影响，题目照样能做对。

Typically, children do not end up on the streets due to a single cause, but to a combination of factors: a dearth of adequately funded schools, the demand for income at home, family breakdown and violence.(C4T3P1)

冒号后面即为解释说明什么是a combination of factors，或者简单来说就是有哪些factors，因题目问的是孩子们为什么会沦落街头，那在冒号后面就是作为答题的重要依据了。

Chimpanzees have a “play-face”—a gaping expression accompanied by a panting “ah,ah” noise.(C5T2P2)

破折号在这里解释说明了什么是play-face，简单解释也就是一种expression，那么如果学生能够定位准确，不能理解什么是play-face，对答案的判断也没有任何影响。

特别注意：很多学生分不清连词符和破折号。连词符是短的，并且和单词之间没有空格;儿破折号是长的，且和前后单词有空格。

其实符号在雅思阅读中用来表解释说明的现象非常普遍，只是很多学生在做题的时候并没有意识到出题人的这个考察点，因为非常的细微，一般语法能力还不错的学生其实在不经意间已经用了上述猜单词方法，只是自己没有意识到而已。所以对于基础薄弱的学生，要重点提出，加以总结，让其能够在阅读中应用。

同位语、插入语表解释说明

E.g：Graeme Ritchie, a computational linguist in Edinburgh, studies the linguistic structure of jokes in order to understand not only humor but language understanding and reasoning in machines. (C5T2P2)

本句提到Graeme Ritchie这个人，这个人是谁呢，后面解释说他是a computational linguist in Edinburgh，结合我们所说第一点，不认识computational，但computer应该知道，-al结尾形容词，linguist以-ist结尾，表“...人/家”，后面一个in+大写，猜也知道是地名，所以大概能猜到这个人是电脑方面的一个什么专家。如果能判断到这一点，对后面的判断18题会很有帮助。

特别注意：同位语注意是位置的“位”，也就是说和被解释词在句中的位置是相同的，这类用法多见于解释专有名词(比如人名，地名)，这对于做配对题和一些细节判断题很有帮助;其次要注意的是有时候插入语两边的逗号也会变成两个破折号，其用意相同，完全可以当做两个逗号看待。

表“包含、包括、举例”的

E.g：World science is dominated today by a small number of languages, including Japanese, German and French…(C5T2P3)

这个例子比较简单，但是如果真的不认识languages，完全可以通过Japanese, German and French来猜测其意思，一定是上一级词汇，所以意思是“语言”。也就是说看到include，involve，contain，for example，for instance，such as等表“包含、例如”的词时候，若能认识这些词后面一到两个词的意思，会帮助猜测这些词之前的单词意思，一定是这一到两个词的上义词。

定语从句

E.g：And they are known to have used wooded pulleys, which could have been made strong enough to bear the weight of massive blocks of stone.(C7T4P1)

His talent and devotion to the subject were perceived by his teacher, Thomas Hall, who encouraged him to attend a series of lectures given by the eminent scientist Michael Faraday at the Royal Institution. (C9T1P1)

定语从句本身是修饰作用，但这种句子的修饰其实是在帮助我们理解一个复杂词汇，把不懂得具象化。比如第一句的wooden pulleys不知道，后面大致能明白说是它可以承受巨大重量，那只要理解这个wooden pulleys是个可以承重的东西即可;同理，第二个句子不仅有定语从句，还用到了方法3，Thomas Hall是谁，是his teacher，他怎么了，他鼓励他学生去参加Michael Faraday的课，进一步解释说明了Thomas Hall的身份。

知道一些单词的熟词僻义--通过语境判断意思

这个方法是给英语词汇还不错的学生的，很多学生会有一个困扰是虽然背了很多单词，但好像还是不能看懂文章，这里并不是本文讲解重点，所以不在此赘述，但是其中一个原因就是本来认识的单词却换了意思。

比如在实验类文章中，study不是“学习”的意思，而是“研究”的意思;subject不是“课程、科目”，而是“实验对象”;solution不是“解决办法”，而是“溶液”，比如在C9T1P1中提到purple solution，不可能是“紫色解决办法”吧，所以这里应该明白其有另一个意思。

再比如在天文类文章中orbit是轨迹，但是其还有一个意思是“眼眶”(曾在C5T2P2考过);

还有，pupil是“学生”，但还有一个意思是“瞳孔”。

所以这也是平时在做题中需要总结归纳的要点，要引起重视。

雅思阅读中想要考到7分请别忽略这些词

说起雅思阅读，很多“烤鸭”的一致感受就是：做!不!完!先抛开海量生词、解题技巧不熟练和定位出错，很多“烤鸭”认为“只有读完全文才能做完题”。

然而，并不是!

学习过英语论文写作或者常读外刊的同学应该知道，英语文章写作忌讳重复。为了避免重复，就会使用大量的指代，也就是我们从一开始学习英语就会接触到的“代词”。

说起代词，大家肯定都能想到人称代词、指示代词、物主代词、不定代词等等。大家肯定都知道概念，但是放在雅思阅读文章中，还会用吗?唐翀老师在天津环球教育教课过程中，经常会给学生们强调一些功能性词汇的重要性，今天我们就来说说指代关系在我们雅思阅读考试中如何为我们所用。

Skimming(即略读)，如果你掌握了Skimming的技巧，那么你能少读不少的篇幅。我们首先就来看一下指代在Skimming上的用法。我用C6T2P2的句子结尾匹配题举个栗子。

Q23 Home medical aids

Q24 Regular amounts of exercise

Q25 Feelings of control over life

Q26 Feelings of loneliness

对应原文：Paragraph 8

The increasing self-reliance of many elderly people is probably linked to a massive increase in the use of simple home medical aids. For instance, the use of raised toilet seats has more than doubled since the start of the study, and the use of bath seats has grown by more than 50%. These developments also bring some health benefits, according to a report from the MacArthur Foundation's research group on successful ageing. The group found that those elderly people who were able to retain a sense of independence were more likely to stay healthy in old age.

我们审题后，能将Q23定位在原文第8段，并且通过第一句话的self-reliance, is probably linked to锁定答案G。但是这一段后面还有三句话是否要读?Q24是否也会在这段出题?我们来分析一下：

第二句话以For instance开头，我们知道For instance/ example这种表达，前一句话为theory部分，后面是具体case，所以此段第二句话仍为第一句话做案例阐述。

第三句话以These开头，很明显，还是指代上文，所以跳过不用读。最后一句话主语为The group，定冠词the指代的肯定是上文已经出现过的某group，并且这句话也出现了第一句中self-reliance的同义替换independence，由此我们可以判断，这篇文章的句子结尾匹配题极有可能为一道题对应原文一段的内容。

当然，雅思真题中在代词上出题的不在少数，C9T4P1就是非常典型的一篇文章。我们来看看这篇文章的一道判断题：

Q3 Marie was able to attend the Sorbonne because of her sister's financial contribution.

原文：

Paragraph 2 … From her earnings she was able to finance her sister Bronia's medical studies in Paris, on the understanding that Bronia would, in turn, later help her to get an education.

Paragraph 3 In 1891 this promise was fulfilled and Marie went to Paris and began to study at the Sorbonne (the University of Paris).

通过题干中的Sorbonne很容易就定位在了原文第三段，读来读去发现没有出现her sister's financial contribution，于是很多同学就放心的写下了NOT GIVEN。为何没有出现题目关键词?因为出现了this这个单词。需要我们回到第二段寻找this指代的内容，即Bronia would, in turn, later help her to get an education。

再举个栗子，C9T4P2中的人名理论匹配题。

Q21 A child's awareness of self is related to a sense of mastery over things and people.

原文：Paragraph B

Cooley (1902) suggested that a sense of the self-as-subject was primarily concerned with being able to exercise power. He proposed that the earliest examples of this are an infant's attempts to control physical objects, such as toys or his or her own limbs. This is followed by attempts to affect the behaviour of other people.

做完这道题需要读完原文对应的三句话内容，但我见过学生有只读一句话或两句话就做题的，然后说：老师，这个人没有对应的理论…

我们来看一下。

第一句话出现人名Cooley，这肯定得读，画出这句的关键词self-as-subject，exercise power，发现题干中没有对应内容。第二句话以he开头，肯定指代上一句的Cooley了，他在这句的主要观点是婴儿会尝试控制物品(当然，不认识physical objects的同学可以通过后面的such as推测出含义)。

题干中没有单独的一道题是说小孩自我意识的形成与控制物品有关系，到这里，很多同学就慌了：难道这个人与做题无关?一定要注意，后一句话还有一个this指代呢，读完了就能发现一个并列关系physical objects and other people，从而锁定Q21。

希望这几个简单的例子能提醒各位烤鸭，做题不要慌，先弄清指代内容，再决定是略读还是一定读!

提高雅思阅读成绩要怎么做

通常来说，如果考生的雅思阅读可以拿到高分，那么考生其他部分的成绩也不会太惨。要想提高考生的雅思阅读成绩，我们要如何做呢?一起看看新东方小编给大家整理的内容吧。

首先，是如何提高自己英语阅读的基本能力。而这样的能力又主要分为两个层次：词汇的掌握和读句子的能力。阅读基本能力的提升，需要至少2个月的时间，通过给学生专业化的方案指导，将课堂上的学习和课堂后的复习相结合，让其在一个合理的时间规划期内去提升自己的基础能力，达到一个最佳的效果。这也是对于我们老师在教学中要求一直秉持的原则，忌急于求成，囫囵吞枣。

那么怎么去做基础能力提升呢?对于大部分学生而言，词汇的把握是核心。第一、同学们必须去把握阅读部分的高频词，这些词汇是所有同学都必须认真记忆的，按照我们最新的权威数据统计，大概在1000个单词左右，我们也为所有的学员将这些单词做成了独有的单词库，帮助大家以最高效的方式掌握必考词汇;第二、同学们需要掌握好一些近义词或同义词词组，雅思的阅读部分考查就是看同学们对同义词替换的一个把握，这些词组的掌握是同学们获得高分的基础。

我们同样为同学们对这些词组进行了总结和研究。在我们课堂上，我们授课老师会定期抽查同学们对于这2个词汇库的掌握，督促同学们做好词汇的记忆工作。未参加培训的同学不妨可以效仿这样的模式，给自己一些压力和期限，认真做好最基本词汇与词组的积累。

解决雅思阅读的第二方面，就是要掌握好雅思阅读部分解题的关键性技巧。雅思阅读部分共有3篇文章，每篇1000词左右，有40道题目要回答，时间是一小时。如果没有对考试题型有透彻理解，那么很难在这么紧张的时间里去做好题目。因此一定要按照不同考题的特点和对应的能力要求，有的放矢的去准备以及应对。笔者在日常的教学中会指导同学们把握不同题目的做题方法和技巧，一方面要让他们知道为什么要这样去思考，去做题，另一方面告诉他们怎么去灵活变通的去使用技巧。

只有把方法以及如何灵活运用这些方法讲透，学生们才能真正地掌握好、正确使用、自信满满地考取高分。我的小部分学生曾和我透露过这样的困惑，在参加过一些培训之后，考试不理想，但是明明上课的时候听得很爽，只是到考场上做题却犯难。

其实，那正是因为题目的解题技巧没讲透，没讲清楚应该怎么灵活的运用，培训老师没有从考生的角度去思考。我们的模考体系就是考虑到这一点建立健全起来的，通过阶段性测试检验学生有没有真正地听懂，老师有没有认真负责地讲清楚。模考也不断让同学们看到自己阶段性学习成果，从而更有动力。

雅思阅读得分注意这四大习惯

习惯1、从阅读习惯上讲，单纯以学习英语为目的的阅读和以获取信息为目的的阅读存在很大差异。

前者是一个语言知识积累的过程，后者是以语言知识和能力为工具达到获取有用信息的过程。雅思阅读强调把握信息的能力，所以要培养上述第二种习惯。很多同学在参加雅思考试之前，都只是把英语当成一个学习的对象，而未能上升到把英语作为工具来使用的阶段。所以，在阅读过程中，往往陷入逐字逐句的意思理解和语法分析，依然持学英语的习惯。没有去识别信息的主观意图，当然谈不上习惯不习惯，更谈不上把握信息的能力。

习惯2、养成习惯的，首先要确立以把握信息为目的的主观意图。

刚开始时不要怕慢，不是去完整地理解句子的意思，而是刻意的猜测句子在段落中的功能。以下面一段文字为例： (1) Care needs to be taken with religious items. (2) There have been anumber of incidents over the years involving foreigners that have drawn a strongreaction from an offended government and people - for example， the family oftourists who foolishly clambered all over a revered Buddha statue. (3) Whenbuying an object， it is important to distinguish between the object's aestheitcappeal and its religious significance. (4) Representations of the Buddha， forexample， must be placed at ....

句(1)当中的needs to be taken 表示“需要、应该”，显然是作者的态度和观点，当表示态度或观点的句子出现在段首，通常是topicsentence ，信息。小编还是要提醒大家注意总结雅思阅读资料，多了解一些雅思阅读得分技巧。

句(2)There be 句型表事实，事实跟在观点后，毫无疑问是充当论据的角色。句子中的核心名词 incidents是复数，表示这个句子对下文具有结构性功能，下文会论据进行细节性列举。

句(3)it is important to do 表示作者对某个事情的认知和判断，出现在两个 for example中间，是一个细分的判断。

句(4)中的for example，表明它是个细节性的论据。

对信息的识别，往往不需要理解太多的词汇的意思可以做到。

习惯3、习惯的养成需要一个过程，这个过程时间上可以缩短。

可以找一些段落刻意的去分析，开始时会很慢，甚至比你搞清全部的细节意思还要慢。但是，经过一段时间的操练，会收到意想不到的效果。

习惯4、下面给大家一信息的线索：

a. 判断句在段首、b. 强调句在段尾、c. 祈使句在段首、d. “But， However，等转折词后的句子、e. “forexample”前的句子、f. 问号后的句子、g. 表观点的句子永远比表事实的句子重要、h. 段落以细节信息开头，看段落的一句话。等等。

篇6：托福阅读技巧之遇到生词怎么办

托福阅读技巧之遇到生词怎么办

1.托福阅读技巧：【下定义法】

这个方法在托福阅读考试中的运用还是很普遍的，多用于描述一个新专业、新领域、新单词等。而且在文章首段出现的频率最高，因为文章首段通常都是为本文话题或标题下定义。

例1：Archaeology is partly the discovery of the treasures of the past， partly the careful work of the scientific analyst， partly the exercise of the creative imagination.

从“is”这个词不难发现后面的部分都是为archaeology下定义：对过去财物的发掘，细致的科学分析，创造力的想象——考古学(以-ology为后缀都是表示某门学科)。

例2：The seasonal impact of day length on physiological responses is called photoperiodism.

“is called”的前半句也起了解释说明的作用：日长的生理反应称为光周期的季节性影响。

2. 托福阅读技巧：【符号法】

无论是考试中还是剑桥系列，我们常发现某个单词或词组，乃至句子的前后常会出现一些特殊符号，比如：破折号(—)，冒号(：)，小括号，引号(“ ”)。这些符号都是帮助大家猜测生词的clue，它们的前后通常都是对托福阅读词汇的解释和说明。

例：Inall cases， someone has to act as a source of language data— informant.

Informant指的是充当语言资料来源的人。需要提示的是，经常会在小括号里出现i.e，意思是that is to say.

3. 托福阅读技巧：【举例子】

托福阅读试题经常会在某个潜在生词的后面，举出一系列的例子。此时，大家可以根据例子总结它们的共性。举例子的一些标志词：for example， for instance， such as， just like， e.g.

例：The market for tourism in remote areas is booming as never before. Countries all across… such as mountains， Arctic lands， deserts， small islands and wetlands…

第一句的remote可以通过后面的例子，高山、北极地区、荒漠、小岛、湿地，得出指的是偏远地区。

4. 托福阅读技巧：【句子关联词】

句子之间的关联词主要分为转折和并列，透露了两句之间表达意思的方向性是否一致。我们完全可以通过已知的半句所表述的涵义，借助关联词，来推测另外半句的意思。

并列关系：and， similarly，equally， also， both … and…

转折关系：but， however，yet， instead， nevertheless， by contrast， on the other hand

例：International commerce was therefore dominated by raw materials， such as wheat， wood and ironore， or processed commodities， such as meat and steel.

“or”表示或者，虽然是并列关系，但在意思上是相反的。Processed commodities不难理解是加工过的产品，那“or”前面的句子指的就该是没有加工过的产品，即raw materials，原材料。

5. 托福阅读技巧：【常识&上下文】

常识和上下文也是作为揣测词义的一个有效途径。这里所言的常识是涉及各领域、学科，以及平时累积的，众所周知的知识、常理。

例：The earliest method of making fire was through friction. European peasants would insert a wooden drill in a round hole and rotate it briskly between their palms.

最早的取火方式是钻木取火，其原理是摩擦生热。通过下文的例子也可看出这一点。欧洲的农民会把一个木制的钻头插入一个圆形的洞，然后在手掌间迅速的旋转它。Friction就是摩擦的意思。

托福阅读需要注意的知识点

一、列举和并列句

列举指的是：First,Second,Third等逐条列出。并列句是指：A，B and C，即逐项列出。它们共同的特征是列出二点或三点以上的条目。该类型语言点常考的题型是“细节性问题”，主要有两种：

1. Which 题型

该题型只要求从并列的三顶中选一项作为答案，其它条目与题目无关。在这种情况下，往往题目的答案出自最后一个选项。

2. EXCEPT 题型

该题型俗称“三缺一”题型，即题目 4 个选项中有三个符合文章内容，剩下一个不符合，题目便是要求选出这个不符合文章内容的选项。例如：All of the following are mentioned as types of evidence concerning handedness EXCEPT 这种题型只适合于考并列、列举句，这是因为它要求其三个选项一定是文章中出现的，也就是并列或列举之处。利用这一特点。我们在读文章的时候就可多留意，如看到并列、列举句，可预想其有可能被考到;如发现题目中有“三缺一”题型，则应到并列、列举处找答案。

二、否定及转折句

否定句是指带有NO或NOT，NEVER等否定词的句子，而转折句则指带有HOWEVER，BUT 或RATHER等关联词引导的句子，它们可以用下面的句型说明：A is not B，as C，but is D 。对于以上的句型常出“推断性问题”。

三、举例句

句中由as或such as，for example等引导的短语或句子为举例句，常考“推断性问题”和“细节性问题”。上面句型中的as C为插入的举例句。

四、数字与年代

文中的数字、年代、日期等常常是出题者注意的考题点。

五、最高级及绝对性词汇

文章中若出现must，all，only，anyone，always，never等绝对性词汇或first，most beautiful等最高级词汇，往往是考题要点，一般出“细节性题目”。这是因为它们都有一个共同的特点，那就是概念绝对，答案唯一，无论是出题还是做题，不会产出歧义和疑问，因此很容易出题，答案绝对正确。相反地，如果文章中出现相对性的词汇、例如Some of the people chose red hats,some chose green hats, and others blue ones. 其中some为相对性词汇，如果我们出这样一道题：What color hats did some people choose. 那么就没有唯一正确的答案，因为有可能为red,green 或blue，给评卷带来困难。

六、比较级及比喻

如果文中含有more than或as as，like(a fly)等句型，则为比较级或比喻句结构，往往也是考题点，一般出“推断性题目”。

七、同位语及插入语

文章中带有由that is，i.e.，or等词汇引导的名词词组，放在一个名词后面，为同位语;插入语是指副词、不定式、分词、从句等结构故在句首，句中或句尾，不做句子成分，但修饰整个句子、表达作者感情的语法结构。这些用逗号隔开的持殊结构往往也是考查的重点，一般会出“细节性题目”。

八、因果句

句中若有如下结构或词汇的称为因果句：

(1)因果连词：because，since，for，as，therefore，so，consequently 等;

(2)表示因果的动词：cause，result in，originate from 等;

(3)表示因果的名词：base, basis, result,consequence 等，这些因果句都是指明某两个事件之间因果关系的，尤为出题者所青陈。因为通过出题可以考查文中两个事件内在的因果关系。此种句型一般出“推断性问题”。

九、段落句

文章各段第一句(段首句)和末段员后一句(文尾句)都是十分重要的地方，往往是文章作者表达中思想，进行总结综述的地方，因此常出(1)主题性问题，(2)细节性问题(3)结构性问题。

十、特殊标点

有一些特殊标点的含义也属于考查范围，它们是：

(1)破折号，表示解释。考细节性问题;

(2)括号，表示解释。考细节性问题;

(3)冒号，一股同上，有时冒号也表示列举，则考“ EXCEPT ”题目;

(4)引号。表示引用，考细节性问题：

(5)惊叹号，表示作者感情，考态度性问题。

托福阅读考试出题点和应试技巧

托福阅读出题点1：时间和数字(number)

一般来说，出现时间概念的文章(essay)或段落通常和时间顺序(order)有关，作者会用不同的时间点串出一条时间线索(clue)。而个别数字的出现则意味着这个数字所阐述概念的重要性是不容忽视的(ignored)，因此，除非文章中出现了数据堆积的现象(phenomenon)，考生都需要把数字记录(record)下来。在记录时间和数字时需要注意两个问题(question)，一是在记录时间的同时要同步记录下该时间点所发生事件的关键词，二是无论文章中的时间和数字是什么形式(form)，考生在记录的时候都一律记录成阿拉伯数字，以便于之后做题时的查询。

托福阅读出题点2：主题段和主题句的关键词(key words)

TOEFL文章中的主题段和主题句都是参与搭建文章结构的，因此记录它们中的几个关键词对于把握全文的结构非常重要。同时，文章中有很多的重要信息(information)也会包含在这部分内容中。

托福阅读出题点3：人名、地名和专有名词(proper noun)

这些概念在文章中出现的时候，一般都会出现大写字母或引号等标记(sign)，非常有利于信息索引和定位。此外，当提到这几个具体的概念时(concept)，文章通常是在用这些概念说明某个理论或者观点(opinion)，因此记录下这些概念对于理解相关理论和观点可以起到一定的辅助作用。

托福阅读出题点4：举例主体

有的时候，为了说明某些理论和观点，文章中会出现大段的举例文字。

实际上(in fact)，TOEFL考试中考查这些例子具体内容(specific content)的时候非常少，而更多的是考查作者使用这些例子的原因(reason)或它们所证明的观点。因此，考生在快速笔记中只需要记录下例子是什么就可以了，至于例子中所阐述的具体信息，可以适当忽略(omit)。

托福阅读出题点5：新概念和局部核心概念

所谓“新概念”是指当考生读到文章某个位置时，之前没有出现过的概念。这种新概念的出现(appearance)，意味着已有的概念已经不能说明这里要阐述的问题，所以，新概念的出现必然也意味着一个重要信息的出现。而“局部核心概念”是指在连续的几个段落中集中阐述的主题概念，对于这种概念来说，无论是作为观点还是举例大家都应该注意(pay attention to)，因为它显然是作为重点在文章中被强调的(emphasized)。

托福阅读出题点6：重要的逻辑关系(relation)

很多考生在阅读文章的时候只注意到了文章所阐述的重要内容，但是忽略了信息之间的逻辑关系，因而对信息关联理解不准确(incorrect)，这也是一种严重的错误(mistake)。因此，在阅读过程中记录下信息之间所产生的逻辑关系可以避免(avoid)考生丢失信息之间的关联信息。

说了这么多托福阅读考试的出题点，那么大家有哪些应试技巧呢?

一、猜测生词的技巧

考生在托福阅读词汇备考中不可能穷尽所有的单词，因此考生有必要掌握一些猜测生词的技巧。考场上遇到生词不要慌，一般文章中都会有一些提示性信息来帮助我们理解单词的意思。此外，我们还可以通过上下文的逻辑关系来推测单词的意思。这里小编为大家分享几种猜词生词的方法。

1. 通过例子猜单词

例1：In the animal world the task of moving about is fulfilled in many ways. For some animals locomotion is accomplished by changes in body shape.

通过阅读上面的句子我们会发现，后面的“some animals”是前面“the animal world”的一个子集，是为了具体说明所有动物的某种特征而举的例子，它们之间是部分与整体的关系，那么整体具有的特点，部分也一定会具有。因此，单词“locomotion”应该和前面的“moving about”意思是一样的。

2. 通过连接词猜单词

句子中的连接词主要分为并列关系、转折关系、因果关系、递进关系等。通过连接词我们就可以根据已知半句话的意思推测另外半句话的意思，进而猜测单词的意思。

例2：The heavy amounts of heat and pollution rising form cities both delay and stimulate the fall of precipitation, depriving some areas of rain while drenching others.

上面这句话中出现了表示转折关系的连接词while(然而)，说明前后内容是相反的。如果知道depriving是“剥夺”的意思，那么drenching的意思则与之相反，也就是“给予”的意思。

二、破解长难句的技巧

托福阅读中经常会出现一些长难句，遇到长难句考生首先要做的就是找出句子的主干，也就是句子的主谓宾，然后再确定剩余部分的成分。要想快速地找到句子的主干，考生必须要有扎实的语法基础，熟练掌握英语中的五大基本句型以及主要的修饰成分。

在阅读长难句时有一个技巧能够帮助考生迅速找到句子的主干，那就是按照意群阅读，而不是一个字一个字地阅读，因为逐字阅读往往会破坏句子的整体性，影响对句子的理解。

三、阅读提速的技巧

参加过托福考试的同学都深有体会，那就是托福阅读的时间是非常紧张的。要想在规定时间内完成所有文章的阅读和题目的作答，就需要掌握一些提高阅读速度的技巧。首先是关于做题习惯的问题：有些考生习惯读完文章再做题，这样在熟悉全文的基础上，做题也会更有把握;有些考生习惯先看题，带着问题去阅读文章，这样就会更有针对性。事实上，托福阅读是按照文章顺序来出题的，考生不妨每阅读完一段话做一下这段话涉及到的题目，这样信息量比较集中，缓解了阅读通篇文章的疲劳感。

托福阅读目标28+的准备策略

此文虽然专门针对那些真实托福考试已经达到89分或以上并且想要在下一次托福考试中的提高阅读成绩的同学而写，但实际上也同样适用于所有想要提高下一次托福考试的阅读成绩的同学。如果你目前为止还没有考过真实的托福考试，只参加过新东方的模考，那么在看这篇文章的时候，需要把这个89分的标准再适当默默上调2～4分。这么做的原因是模考的压力不如真实考试大，同时也没有暂时没有阅读和听力的加试。

以我目前的教学经验(5400小时)，托福总分在88或以上的同学，阅读以21分为界，可分成两个群体。

阅读21分以下总分89+

阅读21分以上总分89+

这部分学生群体组成比较复杂，可以分为两个小群体：

学神型的初中生和学霸型的高一生

这部分学生的家长从孩子出生就非常注重孩子英语能力的培养，导致这批幸运儿的英语能力远胜于同龄人好多个马位，也让孩子从“学习-领先-成就和满足感-更努力学习-领先更多-更多成就和满足感”的正循环中得到有非常强的自信心和自我管理能力。这部分同学由于年龄小，很多学术和学科词汇还没有接触，所以首要的任务是先把终极词汇4300里面的前30个list(托福阅读和听力的高频词)背得滚瓜烂熟。同时由于之前的学校的阅读材料大部分的内容都是短句，所以托福的长难句结构的分析能力就成为了另外一个重点进攻的战场。托福阅读中所涉及的句法点看似不多，但其实都需要非常深刻的洞见，才能灵活地把句法知识和托福阅读考试的考点结合起来。在实际的教学过程中，这个能力几乎所有同学都没法自行掌握。经常出现的一种情况是，同学明明觉得文章已经“读懂了”，但是题目却老做不对(有同学还会质疑题目出得不好

篇7：考研英语阅读遇到不认识的单词怎么办？

考研英语阅读遇到不认识的单词怎么办？

做阅读时一个单词的词义可能会影响到大家对整句话的理解，所以当大家遇到不认识的单词时，应该怎么办呢？此时，大家可以从两方面出发去理解词汇大意。

第一步、词内推测

所谓“词内推测”，就是通过分析生词“内部”的前缀、后缀和词根，推测生词的大致含义。请让我们来快速普及一下基本的构词法知识。

1、五大前缀2、后缀决定词性3、词根决定含义。这三点都是决定单词意思和词性的重要组成部分，可以在平时的阅读当中积累常见的词根词缀。

第二步、词外推测

通过以上讲述，我们就明白了考试时可以依靠单词内部的前缀、后缀、词根，推测出生词的基本含义。但是，决定单词含义的还有另外一个重要的因素――语境（上下文）。古人云：“词本无意，意随‘文’生。”一个单词的含义在不同的语境，意思也会千差万别。因此，语境也成为推测生词含义的重要依据。所以，这里讲的“词外推测”，就是通过分析生词“外部”的上下文语境，推测生词的含义。

在阅读实战当中，只使用上述两种方法中的任何一种都难以发挥最佳的'效果，最好是将两种方法组合使用，既进行“词内推测”，又进行“词外推测”，这样就可以在最短的时间内最准确地推测出生词的正确含义。

例1――

“Creationism” in the passage refers to__

Creationism是一个比较生僻的单词，当年很多考生都不认识。

我们先进行“词内推测”：我们学过一个中学词汇create，动词，表示“创造”，create + ion = creation 创造（名词），我们可以初步确定creation（创造）+ ism（理论、主义）= 关于“创造”的理论或者主义

再进行“词外推测”，文章当中有两处可以体现出creationism的含义

第一处：

Rumor has it that more than 20 books on creationism/evolution are in the publisher's pipelines.

从本句中的语境中，推测出creationism是与evolution（进化论）针锋相对，立场相反的一种理论。我们都知道进化论是经过证实的科学理论，那么creationism就是一种不符合科学的理论。

第二处：

“Scientific” creationism， which is being pushed by some for “equal time” in the classrooms whenever the scientific accounts of evolution are given， is based on religion， not science.

从本句的语境中，推测出creationism是建立在宗教基础上，不是建立在科学基础上的理论。我们知道，宗教一般都跟上帝或者神有关。

综上所述――

词内推测：creation（创造）+ ism（理论、主义）= 关于“创造”的理论或者主义

词外推测：creationism是建立在宗教基础上的一种理论，都跟上帝或者神有关。

我们得出结论：creationism含义为“神创论”。

例2――

真题中有这样一道题

The word “homogenizing” most probably means_______.

词内推测：前缀homo-表示“同一”，例如，homophone（同音字）= homo（同一）+ phone（声音）

homogenizing = homo （同一） + geniz（e）（产生） + ing（名词后缀）

我们可以初步推测出该词的含义为“使……产生一致”

再来看上下文，进行词外推测：

In spite of “endless talk of difference，” American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people.

词句较为简单，我们可以翻译成汉语“尽管人们无休无止地讨论差异，但是美国社会成为一个令人惊奇的‘使人们一致’（词内推测已猜出）的机器”。

综上所述――

词内推测：homogenizing = homo （同一） + geniz（e）（产生） + ing（名词后缀），含义为“使……产生一致”。

词外推测：纵观全文以及那句话，主要是在讨论美国的社会机制使得来自不同国家和地区的人都变得同一。

我们得出结论：homogenizing含义为“同化”。

考研阅读两步猜词法是一种由“已知”推测“未知”的技巧。只要你可以利用“已知”的信息（构词法和上下文），进行科学而有步骤的推测，就可以快速而准确地得到“未知”信息（生词的含义）。

篇8：雅思阅读遇到生僻词怎么办

举例1：Husband：it's really cold out tonight.Wife： Sure it is. My hands are practically numb.How about lighting the furnace?

根据生活经验，天气寒冷时，手肯定是”冻僵的，冻得麻木的“。

在猜测词义过程中，除了使用上面提到的一些雅思阅读技巧，参加雅思考试的学生还可以依靠构词方面的知识，从生词本身猜测词义。

1.根据复合词的各部分猜测词义例如：

Growing economic problems were highlighted by a slowdown in oil output.Hightlight或许是一个生词，但是分析该词结构后，就能推测出其含义。它是由high(高的，强的)和light(光线)两部分组成，合在一起便是”以强光照射，使突出"的意思。

Bullfight is very popular in Spain.Bull(公牛)和fight(打，搏斗)结合在一起，指一种在西班牙颇为流行的体育运动---斗牛。

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