“Cassiel”通过精心收集,向本站投稿了8篇雅思阅读5大核心题型,以下是小编为大家整理后的雅思阅读5大核心题型,希望能够帮助到大家。

篇1:雅思阅读5大核心题型
雅思阅读5大核心题型就这样被你征服
1.信息段落配对题
雅思阅读中的段落信息配对题一直是同学们取得高分的拦路虎。我们先来分析一下这种题型的特点和难点。配对题考察的重点只有一个,那就是同义替换。配对题看似简单,因为只要找到信息在那一段落就可以了,不需要像判断题那样的深度
理解和逻辑判断。但是,尤其对于阅读功底不强的同学,这种题目非常棘手。同学们会发现有的题目和原文对应的出题句样子长的一点都不一样,没有任何一个词是原词出现,但他们确实表达的一个意思。例如,剑桥雅思4第三套题第三篇文章中的配对题28题,题目是the importance of taking notes of body language,文中对应的句子却是the recording has to be supplemented by the observer’swritten comments of the non-verbal behavior of the participants. 这两个句子没有一个词是一样的,但细心的同学能发现很明显的三组同义替换那就是重要性、肢体语言、做笔记。因为配对题改写严重的特点,配对题的定位词很难确定,许多在判断题中不会改写的名词在配对题中也被改的面目全非。再加上配对题的出题顺序没有任何规律可言,还经常出现NB----一个段落里包含两个题目信息,所以这种题型蒙对的概率非常低。原则上来讲,配对题每做一道题都需要全文通读,因为每一题都可能在文中的任何位置。
配对题的难度是显而易见的,但是再难的题,我们也能把握其出题规律,找到最高效、快捷的做出尽可能多答案的方法。这种题在考场上我们肯定是没有时间去读很多遍文章的,我们必须做到文章读一遍,所有的题目就处理完了。绝大多数的配对题都是细节题,因此我们都要从题目入手,找到关键词。又由于名词也可能被替换成其他词,所以我们要采用多点撒网,重点抓鱼的策略,把题目中所有的信息词(包括名词、动词、形容词和副词)都划下来,同时记住题目的整体意思。做题过程中,阅读功底不强的同学,可以采取只用扫读的方法,没扫一段或者几句话就回到题目中看看有没有出现所划的信息词。有出现信息词,适当对这句话做点精读,一般答案就可以确定了。阅读功底强的同学,可以采取用略读加扫读的方法,在读懂段落句子大意的同时注意是否有原词出现,发现意思相近或原词出现,适当做精读确定答案。但不管阅读功底强和不强的同学,大家都要记住一个原则:做题的时候要心静,要特别细致,做到能够确定自己没读的一句话确实有或者没有题目信息。这样读完一遍文章后,我们就把自己能做的题都做出来了,做不出来的题我们再回头读很多遍也还是做不出来的,因为只要过程做的仔细,做不出来的题目就是我们不认识的替换,看再多遍也是不能帮助我们确定答案的。
2、标题对应题
List of Heading也就是我们大家熟悉的标题题了。这种题型是唯一一种出现在文章前面的题型。而且,这种题是一种考察文章大意的题型而不是细节题。标题题由两部分组成,一部分是选项,另外一部分是一个段落编号,我们要做的也就是给每个段落找一个小标题。所对应的段落也分为两种情况,一种是所考察的section包含若干个小分段;另一种则只包含一个小段。
标题题是一种高频题型,平均每两次考试会出现一次,有时甚至连续出现。然而,此种题型比较难,是乱序题,而且要求考生总结段落大意,对学生来说要求较高。
List of Heading解题步骤
划去选项中的例子,以及原文中例子所对应段落的序号这种题型有的时候会给例子,有的时候没有例子在剩余的选项中划取关键词关键词应尽量划取名词以及形容词注意是否有相似或相反的标题,若有则至少有一个会是正确答案扫读并总结文章所考查的每个section的中心思想重点看所考查小段的第一句,第二句和最后一句,划出主题句的关键词段落中间部分快速浏览即可对应两组关键词,以确定答案
注意事项乱序性,即正确答案在原文中无顺序可言有简单有难,有的答案一目了然,有的答案却反复推敲都难以确认着重注意转折,并列等连接词适当运用排除法,越到最后就越要应用该法答案不会出现重复使用现象,每个选项只会使用一次做出一道题就划去一道题正确答案具有概括性与总结性干扰项一般是一些小细节,新概念段落高频词理论一段话中反复出现的名词或形容词当一个文章段落在10行以内时,出现2次及为高频词,当一个文章段落在11行以上时,出现3次即为高频词。
3.选择题
I 雅思阅读选择题的题型特点:
a.考察内容细节
除了通常位于文章末尾的multiple choice 题型考察考生对全文大意的理解之外,其余的都是要建立在对文章细节的理解之上的。
b.多项选择题答案集中
多项选择题的答案大都是出现在1-2个小段之内(最多不超过4段)。所以考生只要定位到了相关的段落并进行略读,根据题干要求找到答案。
c.选择项以同义转换为表现形式
选择题的选项部分,通常是将文章的语言进行近义词或同义句形式进行转换。
II 雅思阅读选择题的做题原则:
A.阅读题干,划出定位词
由于选择题考察细节的特点,故题干中的词往往能够提供定位,方便考生在文章中把所对应的句子或段落找出来。
例:In the first paragraph the writer makes the point that blind people (剑4,Test 1, Q27)
这道题目中,明显有两处定位:一处是first paragraph,另一处是blind people,故只需要在第一段找到blind people,就能找出题目所对应的句子了。
但并不是所有的多项选择题都会明确地告知范围。
例:Which THREE of the following statements are true of Johnson’s Dictionary? (剑5 Test 1 Q1-3)因为文章的题目就叫Johnson’s Dictionary,故这道题目根本没有定位词。那么这种题目很难下手,建议放到最后来做。把其它的题目都做完之后,再根据其选项大致推测出所在文章的范围。
B.阅读选项,划出核心词
因为选项提供了对原文正确或者是错误的同义转换,所以在寻找正确答案之前,一定要事先通读选项。
C.定位相关句子段落
由于选择项的干扰性往往很强,所以对找到的相关句子或段落一定要进行仔细阅读,排除错误选项。甄别干扰项这一步骤是考生解题的关键,很多考生在往往对几个选项犹豫不决,经常跳进题目的陷阱。一般说来,干扰项有如下几个类别:
①相似陷阱
如果题目中出现的个别单词与原文中的用词一模一样,尤其是一些经常被同义
替换掉的动词、形容词等,这个选项很有可能是干扰选项,考生应仔细对比分析其
它选项,避免因匆忙下结论,得出错误答案。
②偷换概念陷阱
有时在是中,选项中虽然与文中有对应或相似的词或表达,但选项中偷换了关键性的成分(如谓语部分),使得答案表达错误。
③搭配不当陷阱
这种选项的特点是:选项本身是正确的,但是跟题干却不能形成搭配关系。
4、判断题
雅思阅读有所谓的“小三理论”,就是大家在做雅思阅读的时候,需要注意的三种素质:首先是三看,做题之前,标题、插图和每段的第一句话必须得看,把文章的主要思想和每段的大致重点把握个十有八九,这样做题的时候才有分寸;其次是三力,三种能力分别是4000-6000左右的词汇量和高中的语法能力;一般以上的常识判断能力;以及具备一定的逻辑推理能力;最后是三度,分别指的是划关键词的准确度、回原文定位的速度和对同义词替换的敏感度。烤鸭们可以参照各自的做题经验,找到属于自己的短板和瓶颈,再有针对性的做一些专项训练。
现在主要说说所谓逻辑推理能力。这一概念乍一听有些玄,其实实质内容很好理解,就是涉及到阅读文章的题目和原文的复合句中的连词和介词短语影射出来的两句话或两个短语之间的逻辑关系,即两者是方向一致(均为positive或均为negative),抑或方向相反。具体的表现方式为:
并列、递进(and/or; also/besides/in addition/furthermore)连接两句话,逻辑方向一致;转折、让步(but/however/whereas/yet; although/even if/though/while/despite/in spite of)连接两句话,逻辑方向相反;因果(because/for/as/since/due to/owing to/originate from/result from; so/therefore/as a result/as a consequence/result in/lead to/cause/contribute to)逻辑方向一致。
实例讲解:Eg:1.剑4 P45 Q10 Lost for Words判断题干S:The Navajo language will die out because it currently has too few speakers.(下划线为关键词)原文P: Navajo is considered endangered despite having 150000 speakers.
解析:原文的表示让步的介词despite 为解题关键,前半部分说Navajo这种语言面临灭绝危险,逻辑方向为负向,即为negative;despite将方向逆转,则说明后半部分“having 150000 speakers”中的150000说此种语言的人数是很多的,同题干中的too few矛盾,固答案为FALSE.此题如果没有despite的转折作用,150000的数量因为没有相对的比照和参考,我们是无法判断到底是多还是少的。
5.归纳填空题
归纳填空题是雅思考试阅读理解部分的一线题型,几乎每回考试必有。在阅读理解的诸多题型中,此类题型可以应用的方法技巧较多,若能掌握好这些技巧方法,并将其组合起来,视情况灵活运用的话,归纳填空应该被视作为考生得分的一块宝地。朗阁雅思培训专家在此总结了此类题型解题的一些方法,供考生们参考。
归纳填空题的答题要求分为两类:1. 用原文中的原词填空,有字数的限制,例如不超过二或三个词;2. 从所提供的单词表中选词填空。下文在介绍解题方法时,对这两类答题要求分别简称为1或2。
a 短文全文大意的帮助
首先把短文的全文迅速通读一遍,掌握大意。不要在没有掌握全文大意的情况下立即做题,看一句填一句。虽然短文的词数不多,但作为一篇文章,总有一定的主体思想,句与句之间意思上是相连的,整篇短文就是一个有机的整体。通读全文,有利于掌握文章的逻辑思维,顺着思路选词来填,就比较容易做对了。许多考生往往不先通读短文全文,上来就匆忙去找词填空。看似快,实际上选词时看来看去,思前想后,犹豫不决,不知选哪个才对,反而大大减慢了速度。
b 利用信号词来定位和定词
归纳填空题的形式为一篇短文,文中有若干个空,要求考生在其中填词。空格前后往往会有信号词,我们可以借助之在原文中定位,再在所定位部位的附近范围内找出该采用的原文原词(对于1)或断定该填的单词表中的同义词(对于2)。不少情况下,在空格前和后的信号词,相对应地也是出现在原文中正确的词的前和后的,前后信号词的“夹击”下,更方便我们选对词了。所以信号词技巧也仍然是这种题的重要技巧。
c 空格前后的上下文的帮助
空格肯定是处于句子中的,亦即所谓空格无非是一个句子抽掉了其中的某个词(语)所形成的。因此,在整篇短文大意的大背景下,再考虑空格前后的上下文意思,然后将在1或2中备选的数个词(语)进行比对,就不难确定该填入哪个了。空格前后上下文的意义与全篇短文主体思想的结合分析,在决定选词上尤为重要,注意运用这点,能使我们做题快许多。
d 语法知识的帮助
一些基本的语法知识对于我们确定词性范围甚或选定具体的词都有直截了当的决定作用,又简单又快。空格前后的词往往都提示了空格中的词是何种词性,是否比较级,谓语或非谓语,单数还是复数,及物动词或不及物动词,等等。例如,空格之前是a的话,表明空格该填的是个可数名词的单数形式,而且该名词的发音是以辅音音标开头的(否则,空格前的a就该是an了)。
雅思考试阅读模拟练习及答案
new weapon to fight cancer
1. British scientists are preparing to launch trials of a radical new way to fight cancer, which kills tumours by infecting them with viruses like the common cold.
2. If successful, virus therapy could eventually form a third pillar alongside radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the standard arsenal against cancer, while avoiding some of the debilitating side-effects.
3. Leonard Seymour, a professor of gene therapy at Oxford University, who has been working on the virus therapy with colleagues in London and the US, will lead the trials later this year. Cancer Research UK said yesterday that it was excited by the potential of Prof Seymour’s pioneering techniques.
4. One of the country’s leading geneticists, Prof Seymour has been working with viruses that kill cancer cells directly, while avoiding harm to healthy tissue. “In principle, you’ve got something which could be many times more effective than regular chemotherapy,” he said.
5. Cancer-killing viruses exploit the fact that cancer cells suppress the body’s local immune system. “If a cancer doesn’t do that, the immune system wipes it out. If you can get a virus into a tumour, viruses find them a very good place to be because there’s no immune system to stop them replicating. You can regard it as the cancer’s Achilles’ heel.”
6. Only a small amount of the virus needs to get to the cancer. “They replicate, you get a million copies in each cell and the cell bursts and they infect the tumour cells adjacent and repeat the process,” said Prof Seymour.
7. Preliminary research on mice shows that the viruses work well on tumours resistant to standard cancer drugs. “It’s an interesting possibility that they may have an advantage in killing drug-resistant tumours, which could be quite different to anything we’ve had before.”
8. Researchers have known for some time that viruses can kill tumour cells and some aspects of the work have already been published in scientific journals. American scientists have previously injected viruses directly into tumours but this technique will not work if the cancer is inaccessible or has spread throughout the body.
9. Prof Seymour’s innovative solution is to mask the virus from the body’s immune system, effectively allowing the viruses to do what chemotherapy drugs do - spread through the blood and reach tumours wherever they are. The big hurdle has always been to find a way to deliver viruses to tumours via the bloodstream without the body’s immune system destroying them on the way.
10. “What we’ve done is make chemical modifications to the virus to put a polymer coat around it - it’s a stealth virus when you inject it,” he said.
11. After the stealth virus infects the tumour, it replicates, but the copies do not have the chemical modifications. If they escape from the tumour, the copies will be quickly recognised and mopped up by the body’s immune system.
12. The therapy would be especially useful for secondary cancers, called metastases, which sometimes spread around the body after the first tumour appears. “There’s an awful statistic of patients in the west ... with malignant cancers; 75% of them go on to die from metastases,” said Prof Seymour.
13. Two viruses are likely to be examined in the first clinical trials: adenovirus, which normally causes a cold-like illness, and vaccinia, which causes cowpox and is also used in the vaccine against smallpox. For safety reasons, both will be disabled to make them less pathogenic in the trial, but Prof Seymour said he eventually hopes to use natural viruses.
14. The first trials will use uncoated adenovirus and vaccinia and will be delivered locally to liver tumours, in order to establish whether the treatment is safe in humans and what dose of virus will be needed. Several more years of trials will be needed, eventually also on the polymer-coated viruses, before the therapy can be considered for use in the NHS. Though the approach will be examined at first for cancers that do not respond to conventional treatments, Prof Seymour hopes that one day it might be applied to all cancers.
(665 words)
Questions 1-6
Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage? For questions 1-6 write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this in the passage
1.Virus therapy, if successful, has an advantage in eliminating side-effects.
2.Cancer Research UK is quite hopeful about Professor Seymour’s work on the virus therapy.
3.Virus can kill cancer cells and stop them from growing again.
4.Cancer’s Achilles’ heel refers to the fact that virus may stay safely in a tumor and replicate.
5.To infect the cancer cells, a good deal of viruses should be injected into the tumor.
6.Researches on animals indicate that virus could be used as a new way to treat drug-resistant tumors.
Question 7-9
Based on the reading passage, choose the appropriate letter from A-D for each answer.
7.Information about researches on viruses killing tumor cells can be found
(A) on TV
(B) in magazines
(C) on internet
(D) in newspapers
8.To treat tumors spreading out in body, researchers try to
(A) change the body’ immune system
(B) inject chemotherapy drugs into bloodstream.
(C) increase the amount of injection
(D) disguise the viruses on the way to tumors.
9.When the chemical modified virus in tumor replicates, the copies
(A) will soon escape from the tumor and spread out.
(B) will be wiped out by the body’s immune system.
(C) will be immediately recognized by the researchers.
(D) will eventually stop the tumor from spreading out.
Questions 10-13
Complete the sentences below. Choose your answers from the list of words. You can only use each word once.
NB There are more words in the list than spaces so you will not use them all.
In the first clinical trials, scientists will try to ……10…… adenovirus and vaccinia, so both the viruses will be less pathogenic than the ……11…….These uncoated viruses will be applied directly to certain areas to confirm safety on human beings and the right ……12…… needed. The experiments will firstly be ……13……to the treatment of certain cancers
List of Words
dosage responding smallpox virus
disable natural ones inject
directed treatment cold-like illness
kill patients examined
Answers Keys:
1.答案:FALSE (见第2段:If successful, virus therapy could eventually form a third pillar alongside radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the standard arsenal against cancer, while avoiding some of the debilitating side-effects. Virus therapy 只能避免一些副作用,而不是根除。)
2.答案:TRUE (见第3段,特别是最后一句: Cancer Research UK said yesterday that it was excited by the potential of Prof Seymour’s pioneering techniques. )
3. 答案:NOT GIVEN (文中没有提到virus可以抑制肿瘤细胞再生长)
4. 答案:TRUE (见第5段第3、4句: 这里“cancer’s Achilles’ heel”指 “If you can get a virus into a tumour, viruses find them a very good place to be because there’s no immune system to stop them replicating.” Achilles’ heel的意思是“唯一致命弱点”)
5. 答案:FALSE (见第6段第第1句:Only a small amount of the virus needs to get to the cancer.)
6. 答案:TRUE (见第7段:Preliminary research on mice shows that the viruses work well on tumours resistant to standard cancer drug. ……, which could be quite different to anything we’ve had before.“ )
7. 答案:B (见第8段第1、2句:Researchers have known for some time that viruses can kill tumour cells and some aspects of the work have already been published in scientific journals. Journal意思是“日报、期刊、杂志”)
8. 答案:D (见第9段第1句:Prof Seymour’s innovative solution is to mask the virus from the body’s immune system, …… “mask”的意思是“掩盖、隐蔽、伪装”, 在这里和 “disguise”同义。)
9. 答案:B (见第11段第2句: If they escape from the tumour, the copies will be quickly recognised and mopped up by the body’s immune system.. “mop up”这里与 “wipe out” 同义,意思是“消灭、歼灭”。)
10.答案:disable (见第13段最后1句:For safety reasons, both will be disabled to make them less pathogenic in the trial, but Prof Seymour said he eventually hopes to use natural viruses. )
11. 答案:natural ones (见第13段最后1句:For safety reasons, both will be disabled to make them less pathogenic in the trial, but Prof Seymour said he eventually hopes to use natural viruses. )
12. 答案:dosage (见第14段第1句:The first trials will use uncoated adenovirus and vaccinia and will be delivered locally to liver tumours, in order to establish whether the treatment is safe in humans and what dose of virus will be needed.)
13. 答案:directed (见第14段最后1句:Though the approach will be examined at first for cancers that do not respond to conventional treatments, …)
篇2:雅思阅读摘要题题型5大解题步骤讲解
雅思阅读摘要题题型5大解题步骤讲解
题型特点
字数限制? 一般回答最多不超过3个词。
题型特点? 考查范围分部分考查与全文考查。文章摘要题有可能是对文章局部内容的考查,比如某一段或某几段,也有可能是对整篇文章的考查。
顺序原则? 题目顺序与题目答案在原文中出现的顺序一致。
答案特点? 答案多为名词性原词重现。所谓名词性是指名词性质的词,包括名词与动名词;而原词重现是说答案均为原文的文字,不需要对词形或词性等做变更或更改。
解题步骤
①明确字数限制
?表格填空题解题过程中,考生必须培养第一步看字数限制的习惯。
②空格词性预判
? 根据空格前后的词性进行判断,
? 如adj+(n),n+(n),v+(n)等结构;
? 也可根据句子成分进行判断,
? 如空格为主语成分,基本为名词,表语成分基本为形容词
? 定位关键词
并分析定位句?找到空格所在句子的关键词,并定位到文中相应位置对定位句进行分析。
?注意空格所在句子中关键词与原文中的关键词替换;或空格所在句子的关键词是对原文定位句的同义概括。
? 理解原文与题干的同意替换
? 词语的替换,即词与词之间的替换
? 短语的替换,即短语之间的替换
? 句子的替换,即句子之间的互换
? 展开陈述形式,即以解释的方式来诠释某个词、短语或概念
? 填出答案
? 结合关键句和行列信息得出应该填写的内容。
雅思阅读机经真题解析-The Success of Cellulose
You should spend about 20 minutes on Question 1-13 which are based on Reading Passage below.
A
Not too long ago many investors made the bet that renewable fuels from bio- mass would be the next big thing in energy. Converting corn, sugarcane and soybeans into ethanol or diesel-type fuels lessens our nation's dependence on oil imports while cutting carbon dioxide emissions. But already the nascent industry faces challenges. Escalating demand is hiking food prices while farmers clear rain-forest habitats to grow fuel crops. And several recent studies say that certain biofuel-production processes either fail to yield net energy gains or release more carbon dioxide than they use.
B
A successor tier of start-up ventures aims to avoid those problems. Rather than focusing on the starches, sugars and fats of food crops, many of the prototype bioethanol processes work with lignocellulose, the ”woody“ tissue that strengthens the cell walls of plants, says University of Massachusetts Amherst chemical engineer George W. Huber. Although the cellulose breaks down less easily than sugars and starches and thus requires a complex series of enzyme-driven chemical reactions, its use opens the industry to nonfood plant feed- stocks such as agricultural wastes, wood chips and switchgrass. But no company has yet demonstrated a cost-competitive industrial process for making cellulosic biofuels.
C
So scientists and engineers are working on dozens of possible biofuel-processing routes, reports Charles Wyman, a chemical engineer at the University of California, Riverside, who is a founder of Mascoma Corporation in Cambridge, Mass., a leading developer of cellulosic ethanol processing.” There's no miracle process out there,“ he remarks. And fine-tuning a process involves considerable money and time. ”The oil companies say that it takes 10 years to fully commercialize an industrial processing route,“ warns Huber, who has contributed some thermochemical techniques to another biomass start-up, Virent Energy Systems in Madison, Wis.
D
One promising biofuel procedure that avoids the complex enzymatic chemistry to break down cellulose is now being explored by Coskata in Warrenville, III, a firm launched in by high-profile investors and entrepreneurs (General Motors recently took a minority stake in it as well). In the Coskata operation, a conventional gasification system will use heat to turn various feedstocks into a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen called syngas, says Richard Tobey, vice president of Engineering and R&D The ability to handle multiple plant feedstocks would boost the flexibility of the overall process because each region in the country has access to certain feedstocks but not others.
E
Instead of using thermochemical methods to convert the syngas to fuel—a process that can be significantly more costly because of the added expense of pressurizing gases, according to Tobey—the Coskata group chose a biochemical route. The group focused on five promising strains of ethanol-excreting bacteria that Ralph Tanner, a microbiologist at the University of Oklahoma, had discovered years before in the oxygen-free sediments of a swamp. These anaerobic bugs make ethanol by voraciously consuming syngas.
F
The ”heart and soul of the Coskata process,“ as Tobey puts it, is the bioreactor in which the bacteria live. ”Rather than searching for food in the fermentation mash in a large tank, our bacteria wait for the gas to be delivered to them,“ he explains. The firm relics on plastic tubes, the filter-fabric straws as thin as human hair. The syngas flows through the straws, and water is pumped across their exteriors. The gases diffuse across the selective membrane to the bacteria embedded in the outer surface of the tubes, which permits no water inside. ”We get efficient mass transfer with the tubes, which is not easy,“ Tobey says. ”Our data suggest that in an optimal setting we could get 90 percent of the energy value of the gases into our fuel.“ After the bugs eat the gases, they release ethanol into the surrounding water. Standard distillation or filtration techniques could extract the alcohol from the water.
G
Coskata researchers estimate that their commercialized process could deliver ethanol at under $1 per gallon-less than half of today's $2-per-gaIlon wholesale price, Tobey claims. Outside evaluators a Argonne National Laboratory measured the input-output ”energy balance“ of the Coskata process and found that, optimally, it can produce 7.7 times as much energy in the end product as it takes to make it.
H
The company plans to construct a 40,000-gallon-a-year pilot plant near the GM test track in Milford, Mich., by the end of this year and hopes to build a full- scale, 100-million-gallon-a-year plant by . Coskata may have some company by then; Bioengineering Resources in Fayetteville, Ark., is already developing what seems to be a similar three-step pathway in which syngas is consumed by bacteria isolated by James Gaddy, a retired chemical engineer at the University of Arkansas. Considering the advances in these and other methods, plant cellulose could provide the greener ethanol everyone wants.
Questions 1-6
Use the information in the passage to match the people (listed A-D) with opinions or deeds below. Write the appropriate letters A-D in boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet.
NB you may use any letter more than once
A. George W. Huber
B. James Gaddy
C. Richard Tobey
D. Charles Wyman
1. A key component to gain the success lies in the place where the organisms survive.
2. Engaged in separating fixed procedures to produce ethanol in a homologous biochemical way.
3. Assists to develop certain skills.
4. It needs arduous efforts to achieve highly efficient transfer.
5. There is no shortcut to expedite the production process.
6. A combination of chemistry and biology can considerably lower the cost needed for the production company.
Questions 7-10
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?
In boxes 7-10 on your answer sheet, write
TRUE if the statement is true
FALSE if the statement is false
NOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage
7. A shift from conventionally targeted areas of the vegetation to get ethanol takes place.
8. It takes a considerably long way before a completely mature process is reached.
9. The Coskata group sees no bright future for the cost advantage available in the production of greener ethanol.
10. Some enterprises are trying to buy the shares of Coskata group.
Questions 11-13
Summary
Complete the following summary of the paragraphs of Reading Passage, using No More than Three words from the Reading Passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 11-13 on your answer sheet.
Tobey has noticed that the Coskata process can achieve a huge success because it utilises 11 as the bioreactor on whose exterior surface the bactcria take the syngas going through the coated 12 to produce the ethanol into the water outside which researchers will later 13 by certain techniques. The figures show a pretty high percentage of energy can be transferred into the fuel which is actually very difficult to be achieved.
文章题目:纤维素的成功
篇章结构
体裁
论说文
题目
纤维素的成功
结构
A段:可再生生物燃料面临挑战
B段:制作原型乙醇可以依靠纤维素
C段:生物燃料加工过程的微调需要花费大量时间和金钱
D段:Coskata公司将利用气化系统用热量把原料转化为singas
E段:由于热化学方法成本高,C
oskata公司选择生化途径
F段:利用singas生产乙醇的过程
G段:Coskata公司的商业化使得乙醇提取成本降低,产出能量提高
H段:植物纤维素制造乙醇前景广阔
试题分析
Question 1-。。。
题目类型:LIST OF HEADINGS
题号
定位词
文中对应点
题目解析
1
bacteria
F段第一句
F段第一句说”the heart and soul of the Coskata process” as Tobey puts it, is the bioreactor in which the bacteria live,意思是Coskata process(指的是利用singas生产乙醇)的核心在于细菌得以生存的生物反应器,选项中说获取成功的主要因素存在于organism所生存的地方,这个地方指的就是bioreactor.
因此,本答案为C
2
Similar
H段第三句
H段第二句提到了James Gaddy已经开始开发类似的通过三步细菌就会消耗singas生产乙醇的过程,原句is already developing what seems to be a similar three-step pathway ......中的similar就是和题目中的homologous是同义替换。
因此,本答案为B
3
techniques
F段倒数一二三句
F段说Tobey认为利用singas生产乙醇的过程依赖于一种吸管,通过这种导管使得大量气体得到有效传导,等细菌消化完singas就会释放乙醇,通过distillation 和filtration techniques可以提取乙醇。这些导管,以及蒸馏,过滤技术都是一些assists.
所以,本答案选C
4
Less easily
B段第三四句
B段中提到Humber认为乙醇的制作由粮食中的淀粉,糖类等转移到纤维素,但是纤维素的分解不太容易,需要复杂的化学反应,而且目前没有一家公司具备生产成本优势,所以要想实现更高效的转化,需要付出艰苦的努力。
因此,本答案为A
5
No miracle,considerable time
C段第二、三句
C段中Charles Wyman提出了”there is no miracle process out there”也就是说,没有奇迹般的生产过程,和there is no shortcut to expedite the production process表达的意思一致,no miracle意味着no shortcut。而且,后面一句and fine-tuning a process involves considerable time and money也指出了微调的过程需要大量时间和金钱,也说明了没有捷径加速生产过程
因此,本答案为D
6
Costly, biochemical
E段第一句
E段中刚开始Tobey就提出了用thermochemical的方法把singas转化为燃料是more costly的,之后又提到Coskata group chose a biochemical route,说明biochemical的方法会降低成本。此句话中的biochemical和选项里的a combination of chemistry and biology是同义转换的。
因此,本答案选C
参考答案:
Version 18106 主题 纤维素的成功
1
C
2
B
3
C
4
A
5
D
6
C
7
TRUE
8
TRUE
9
FALSE
10
NOT GIVEN
11
plastic tubes/ the filter-fabric straws
12
the selective membrane
13
extract
篇3:雅思阅读表格填空题型解题5大步骤讲解

雅思阅读表格填空题型解题5大步骤讲解
题型特点:
顺序原则 题目基本上按照文章顺序排列
字数限制 一般填入的词最多不超过3个单词
定位内容 定位的内容相对比较集中
考查内容 考查内容均为细节
答案特点 所填答案基本唯一
解题路线图:
①明确字数限制
?表格填空题解题过程中,考生必须培养第一步看字数限制的习惯。
②空格词性预判
? 根据空格前后的词性进行判断,
? 如adj+(n),n+(n),v+(n)等结构;
? 也可根据句子成分进行判断,
? 如空格为主语成分,基本为名词,表语成分基本为形容词
? 定位关键词
并分析定位句? 找到空格所在句子的关键词,并定位到文中相应位置对定位句进行分析。
? 注意空格所在句子中关键词与原文中的关键词替换;或空格所在句子的关键词是对原 文定位句的同义概括。
? 理解原文与题干的同意替换
? 词语的替换,即词与词之间的替换
? 短语的替换,即短语之间的替换
? 句子的替换,即句子之间的互换
? 展开陈述形式,即以解释的方式来诠释某个词、短语或概念
? 填出答案
? 结合关键句和行列信息得出应该填写的内容。
雅思阅读机经真题解析-Life code:unlocked
A
On an airport shuttle bus to the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics in Santa Barbara, Calif, Chris Wiggins took a colleague's advice and opened a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet. It had nothing to do with the talk on biopolymer physics he was invited to give. Rather the columns and rows of numbers that stared back at him referred to the genetic activity of budding yeast. Specifically, the numbers represented the amount of messenger RNA (mRNA) expressed by all 6,200 genes of the yeast over the course of its reproductive cycle. “It was the first time I ever saw anything like this,” Wiggins recalls of that spring day in . “How to make sense of all these data?”
B
Instead of shirking from this question, the 36-year-old applied mathematician and physicist at Columbia University embraced it-and now six years later he thinks he has an answer. By foraying into fields outside his own, Wiggins has drudged up tools from a branch of artificial intelligence called machine learning to model the collective protein-making activity of genes from real-world biological data. Engineers originally designed these tools in the late 1950s to predict output from input. Wiggins and his colleagues have now brought machine learning to the natural sciences and tweaked it so that it can also tell a story—one not only about input and output but also about what happens inside a model of gene regulation, the black box in between.
C
The impetus for this work began in the late 1990s, when high-throughput techniques generated more mRNA expression profiles and DNA sequences than ever before, “opening up a completely different way of thinking about biological phenomena,” Wiggins says. Key among these techniques were DNA microarrays, chips that provide a panoramic view of the activity of genes and their expression levels in any cell type, simultaneously and under myriad conditions. As noisy and incomplete as the data were, biologists could now query which genes turn on or off in different cells and determine the collection of proteins that give rise to a cell's characteristic features- healthy or diseased.
D
Yet predicting such gene activity requires uncovering the fundamental rules that govern it. “Over time, these rules have been locked in by cells,” says theoretical physicist Harmen Bussemaker, now an associate professor of biology at Columbia. “Evolution has kept the good stuff.” To find these rules, scientists needed statistics to infer the interaction between genes and the proteins that regulate them and to then mathematically describe this network's underlying structure-the dynamic pattern of gene and protein activity over time. But physicists who did not work with particles (or planets, for that matter) viewed statistics as nothing short of an anathema. “If your experiment requires statistics,” British physicist Ernest Rutherford once said, “you ought to have done a better experiment.”
E
But in working with microarrays, “the experiment has been done without you,” Wiggins explains. “And biology doesn't hand you a model to make sense of the data.” Even more challenging, the building blocks that make up DNA, RNA and proteins are assembled in myriad ways; moreover, subtly different rules of interaction govern their activity, making it difficult, if not impossible, to reduce their patterns of interaction to fundamental laws. Some genes and proteins are not even known. “You are trying to find something compelling about the natural world in a context where you don't know very much,” says William Bialek, a biophysicist at Princeton University. “You're forced to be agnostic.” Wiggins believes that many machine-learning algorithms perform well under precisely these conditions. When working with so many unknown variables, “machine learning lets the data decide what's worth looking at,” he says.
F
At the Kavli Institute, Wiggins began building a model of a gene regulatory network in yeast-the set of rules by which genes and regulators collectively orchestrate how vigorously DNA is transcribed into mRNA. As he worked with different algorithms, he started to attend discussions on gene regulation led by Christina Leslie, who ran the computational biology group at Columbia at the time. Leslie suggested using a specific machine-learning tool called a classifier. Say the algorithm must discriminate between pictures that have bicycles in them and pictures that do not. A classifier sifts through labeled examples and measures everything it can about them, gradually learning the decision rules that govern the grouping. From these rules, the algorithm generates a model that can determine whether or not new pictures have bikes in them. In gene regulatory networks, the learning task becomes the problem of predicting whether genes increase or decrease their protein-making activity.
G
The algorithm that Wiggins and Leslie began building in the fall of 2002 was trained on the DNA sequences and mRNA levels of regulators expressed during a range of conditions in yeast-when the yeast was cold, hot, starved, and so on. Specifically, this algorithm-MEDUSA (for motif element discrimination using sequence agglomeration)—scans every possible pairing between a set of DNA promoter sequences, called motifs, and regulators. Then, much like a child might match a list of words with their definitions by drawing a line between the two, MEDUSA finds the pairing that best improves the fit between the model and the data it tries to emulate. (Wiggins refers to these pairings as edges.) Each time MEDUSA finds a pairing, it updates the model by adding a new rule to guide its search for the next pairing. It then determines the strength of each pairing by how well the rule improves the existing model. The hierarchy of numbers enables Wiggins and his colleagues to determine which pairings are more important than others and how they can collectively influence the activity of each of the yeast's 6,200 genes. By adding one pairing at a time, MEDUSA can predict which genes ratchet up their RNA production or clamp that production down, as well as reveal the collective mechanisms that orchestrate an organism's transcriptional logic.
Questions 1-6
The reading passage has seven paragraphs, A-G
Choose the correct heading for paragraphs A-G from the list below.
Write the correct number, i-x, in boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet.
List of Headings
i. The search for the better-fit matching between the model and the gained figures to foresee the activities of the genes
ii. The definition of MEDUSA
iii. A flashback of a commencement for a far-reaching breakthrough
iv. A drawing of the gene map
v. An algorithm used to construct a specific model to discern the appearance of something new by the joint effort of Wiggins and another scientist
vi. An introduction of a background tracing back to the availability of mature techniques for detailed research on genes
vii. A way out to face the challenge confronting the scientist on the deciding of researchable data
viii. A failure to find out some specific genes controlling the production of certain proteins
ix. The use of a means from another domain for reference
x. A tough hurdle on the way to find the law governing the activities of the genes
Example: Paragraph A iii
1 Paragraph B
2 Paragraph C
3 Paragraph D
4 Paragraph E
5 Paragraph F
6 Paragraph G
Questions 7-9
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?
In boxes 7-9 on your answer sheet, write
TRUE if the statement is true
FALSE if the statement is false
NOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage
7. Wiggins is the first man to use DNA microarrays for the research on genes.
8. There is almost no possibility for the effort to decrease the patterns of interaction between DNA, RNA and proteins.
9. Wiggins holds a very positive attitude on the future of genetic research.
Questions 10-13
Summary
Complete the following summary of the paragraphs of Reading Passage, using No More than Three words from the Reading Passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 10-13 on your answer sheet.
Wiggins states that the astoundingly rapid development of techniques concerning the components of genes aroused the researchers to look at 10 from a totally new way. 11 is the heart and soul of these techniques and no matter what the 12 were, at the same time they can offer a whole picture of the genes' activities as well as 13 in all types of cells. With these techniques scientists could locate the exact gene which was on or off to manipulate the production of the proteins.
文章题目:Life code: unlocked
篇章结构
体裁
说明文
题目
生命密码解密
结构
(一句话概括每段大意)
A. 回忆基因研究突破的初始
B. 参考“机器学习”的工具构建基因活动的模型
C. DNA芯片技术的介绍
D. 基因的活性研究中的数据障碍
E. 科学家很难从基因交互模式的研究中获取理想数据
F. Wiggins 和另外一个科学家的相关科学讨论
G. 研究基因模型和数据的配对,来预测基因的活动
试题分析
Question 1-6
题目类型:List of Headings
Question 7-9
题目类型:True, False or Not Given
Question 10-13
题目类型:Summary
题号
定位词
文中对应点
题目解析
1
Another domain,reference
文中的第二句
第二句话中,有提到一个“machine learning”的工具构建出了使用现实世界中的生物数据所反映出的基因整体合成蛋白质活动的模型。该句中中的 “data”对应定位词”reference”,该段中后半部分是关于这个工具所给出的一个结果。
2
Mature techniques,
Detailed research
第一、二句
第一句话中提到了“high-throughput techniques”,这个和“mature techniques”互为同义词转换, 且在该段开头有提到相关工作的开展是在90年代末期,而Wiggins在回忆这个工作情况实在之后了,所以这个时间和选项中的“tracing back to”相对应;而第二句话中有提到第一句中所提到的技术对于任何细胞在任何条件下的活动有了一个全方位的观察“panoramic view”,对应所选答案中“detailed research”
3
Tough hurdle,
The law, governing,activity of the genes
第一、四、五句
首先需要定位,在所选答案中出现了“law, governing”这样的关键词,而在D段的首句出现了“the fundamental rules that govern it”的信息,所以首先定位在此,然后看该段之后的内容来佐证定位的正确性。在第四句的开头可以看到“to find these rules”,这个these表指代,指代之前的内容,而在第五句开头有了一个关键的逻辑词”but”,表转折,且第五句中有一个很关键的词“anathema”表示诅咒,证明科学家认为这个科学数据是一个“tough hurdle”,和答案中的关键词所对应。
4
Challenge
第二句
E段开始第一个单词就是but,表转折,该段所描述的意思与前文的情节有所不同,且第二句话最开始就是“even more challenge”,从逻辑上表示递进,从意思上,直接点出有更大的挑战,和所选答案的关键词相匹配
5
Algorithm,Wiggins and another scientist
第二句
F段第二句话中,提到Wiggins研究不同的算法时“worked with different algorithms”,他开始参与Leslie的小组讨论,这个和所选答案所提到的内容一致
6
Pairing,Foresee
最后一句
最后一句,“by adding one pairing at a time,”pairing对应所选答案中的“better-fit matching”, 后半部分提到的predict对应foresee,且as well as前后连接的两部分内容与所选答案中“between…and”之间的内容相对应
7
The first man, DNA microarrays
第二、三段
第二段中第二句提到了”Wiggins has drudged up tools from a branch of artificial intelligence called machine leaning…”, 而在第三段中第二句提到“Key among these techniques were DNA microarrays”,无论是哪方面,文章中并没有给出Wiggins是否是第一个用DNA芯片技术来研究基因的人,所以是NOT GIVEN
8
Almost no possibility,
interaction
第五段
第五段【E段】,第三句话,“Even more challenging, the building blocks that make up DNA, RNA and preteins…; moreover, subtly different rules of interaction govern their activity, making it difficult, if not possible,…”这句话有明确指出: 构建DNA,RNA和蛋白质的基本材料是以各种方式进行组装的,而且支配他们活动互动规则之间的区别都很微小,所以减少他们根据基本定律的交互模式的想法即使不是不可能,但是也是很困难得以实现的。所以是TRUE
9
Positive attitude, future genetic research
全文
全文除了描述Wiggins的研究以外,关于对基因研究的态度在第一段有提到,但是仅仅只是对于某件事的回忆,并没有给出对未来基因研究有积极的态度,所以是NOT GIVEN
10
Astoundingly rapid development of techniques
第三段
C段第一句话,high-throughput techniques作为定位词,“opening up a completely different way of thinking about biological phenomena”对应填空中“concerning… aroused the researchers to look at…”,所以填biological phenomena
11
Heart and soul
第三段
C段第二句话第一个单词Key对应填空中出现的关键词heart and soul,所以填写DNA microarrays
12
At the same time
第三段
同样是C段第二句话的后半部分,“…in any cell type, simultaneously and under myriad condition”, simultaneously 同义替换填空中的定位词at the same time,所以定位,填myriad condition
13
Whole picture of…, all types of cell
第三段
依然是C段的第二句话“…that provide a panoramic view of the activity of genes and their expression levels in any cell type…”根据空格前后信息进行定位,whole picture 是 panoramic view的同义转换,all types of cell 对应any cell type, 所以填their expression levels
篇4:雅思阅读题型大解析
雅思阅读题型大解析
雅思阅读题型之list of heading
依照topic sentence解题是很常见的做题方式。因而要注意分析每一段落的topic sentence.(一般句首的主题句比较偏多,很多文章都是句首点明观点)。与summary题相同,雅思阅读list of heading中的备选项一般多于答案的数量,这就意味着一个段落可以有几个符合的备选项,同样先把符合这个段落的备选项挑出来,缩小选择的范围,再从中选择会容易一些。
此类题型跟我们常见的多选题一样,正确选项一定含有文章的要点(关键词、中心词),因为题目侧重的就是段落的核心。所以,虽然有些备选项的内容是正确的,在文章中也有提及,但却是文章中的细节,而不是大意,就应舍去。文章段落中所给的example绝对不会是雅思阅读题型之list of heading题的答案,因为它们只是对段落中主要观点的解释说明,并不全面系统,是片面的。
雅思阅读题型之matching
通常这就是我们说的匹配题,其中并不是每一个的备选项都符合每一个题目,通常,备选项只有特定的一部分是正确的,符合题目要求的。所以在做题的时候可以先把符合该题干的备选项挑出来,缩小选择的范围,再去解题。解题的时候最好选用的方法是排除法。在雅思阅读matching题中一定要注意问的问题是涉及主观方面的还是客观方面的。所谓主观方面是指别人的观点、建议、设想等;而所谓客观方面是指事实、介绍、指导等。
面对此类题型,我们需要强调的是看清题序,对号入座。雅思matching题,尤其是图片matching题,一定要注意,所给图示的顺序标号不一定与原文中的叙述顺序相一致。做题时要以题目的顺序为标准,不要只是根据原文顺序依次选择。否则就算直到正确的搭配项也会因为答案填写顺序的失误而丢分!
有些匹配题需要找到所列的内容在文章哪一段有所体现。其实这一类题与第一个说的题型有点相似。在做的时候最好能像做雅思阅读list of heading题一样先把文章段落之间的关系搞清楚,划分好文章的层次.虽然这样做会耗费一定的时间,但是比起盲目地满篇找答案还是方便快捷得多得.而且准确性也会有保证.这类题也可以参考short answer题的做法,试着回答题干的问题,看在哪一段能找到答案。
另外,也要注意分析这类题的题干信息,如题目中出现了an overview of…就要注意观察文章的开头和结尾部分,因为这两个部分尤其会出现overview的观点。出现in the future就要多注意文章的结尾部分,因为该部分最容易提出对未来的展望。有些匹配题关注要点是人物的观点和贡献,发现之类的。要求将每个人物与他们各自的观点搭配.做这一类题时,最好边读文章边把所有的人名框起来,这样回原文中定位的时候就会比较简单了。
雅思阅读题型之multiple choice
通常这类题型我们叫做选择题,其中的标准答案一定是包括文章要点。然后题目选项与原文是存在差别的,有些看似相近的句子,其实意义很多不同。一定要注意问的问题是涉及主观方面的还是客观方面的。所谓主观方面是指别人的观点、建议、设想等;而所谓客观方面是指事实、介绍、指导等。
同时我们在做此类选择题目的时候,需要要审清题意,搞清楚题目到底要我们选择几个答案。不要漏选,也不要多选。其中常用的解题技巧就是“排除法”,而使用排除法时可以参考T/F/NG题的做法,因为要排除掉的就是F和NG的内容。如果实在找不出答案,就把答案从可靠到不可靠的顺序排下来,选最有可能的那一个。此外,有时候会要求选出适合的title,这个时候一定要注意Title必然包含文章的主要信息,而且一定要全面。有些选项虽然是正确的,但是只包含了文章主要内容的一部分,所以不能选。
雅思阅读题型之Y/N/NG和T/F/NG
首先要明确知道这种题型中Y/N/NG和T/F/NG所表示的意义,通常我们说前者是对观念的判断,考察的是题干与作者观点之间的一致性,故一般用于议论文;后者是对事实的判断,考察的是题干与文章中所给事实的一致性,因而多用于说明文。如果考生遇到不准确的情况,建议考生选择NG。
在做此类题型的时候,一定要在阅读训练中清楚的掌握哪些是事实哪些是观点。同时也要注意观点的错误和正确之分。经常阅读题会发生前面一大堆的观点在最后一部分进行反驳,说这些观点不对什么的。所以要切记观点的正确性。同时也要注意转折词的使用!But, However, Although, Though等!
雅思阅读:简短题型的答题技巧
雅思阅读“简短回答问题”解题方法
a. 题型要求:
每个题目都是一个特殊问句,要求根据原文作出回答。
绝大部分的题目要求有字数限制,一般有如下几种表达方式:
◆ no more than two/three/four words(不超过2/3/4 个字);
◆ one or two words(一个或两个字);
◆ use a maximum of two words(最多两个字)。
有字数限制的,一定要严格按照题目要求去做。少部分的题目要求中没有字数限制,这时,请注意,答案字数也不会很长,一般不会超过四个字。总之,这种题型的答案都是词或短语,很少是句子,所以又叫“短问答”。考试中,A 类和G 类一般都是每次必考,考一组,共三题左右。
b. 解题步骤
◆找出题目中的关键词,最好先定位到原文中的一个段落。将题目中的关键词与原文各段落的小标题或每段话的第一句相对照。有些题目能先定位到原文中的一个段落,这必将大大加快解题时间,并提高准确率。但并不是每个题目都能先定位到原文中的一个段落的。题目中如果包含年代、人名、地名、数字,这些词肯定是关键词,因为原文中不会对这些词做改变,而且这些词特别好找,所以依据这些词在原文中确定答案比较快。
◆从头到尾快速阅读该段落,根据题目中的其他关键词,确定正确答案。确定一个段落后,答案在该段落中的具体位置是未知的。所以,需要从头到尾快速阅读该段落,确定正确答案。
◆答案要对应题目中的特殊疑问词。
答案必须要对应题目中的特殊疑问词。绝大部分的答案是名词或名词短语,也有少部分是动词或形容词短语。
◆要注意顺序性,即题目的顺序与原文的顺序基本一致。
题目是有顺序性的。第一题的答案应在文章的前部,第二题的答案应在第一题的答案之后。这个规律也有助于确定答案的位置。
注意事项:
◆所有的答案都不用大写,专有名词除外。
一句话的第一个字母需要大写,我们的答案大部分都是词或短语,都不是一句话,所以不用大写。但答案中的专有名词,如人名和地名需要大写。例如:Australian taxpayer ,不能答为:australian taxpayer。
◆绝大部分的答案来自原文原词,极少一部分需要自己写答案。
大部分的答案来自原文原词,而且是原文中连续的几个词。只有极少一部分需要自己写答案。所以,在考试中,如果发现有很多都需要自己写答案,应首先怀疑自己找错答案的位置。需要自己写答案的例子:
原文:…… if your iron produces droplets of water instead of giving off steam, your temperature control is set too low.
题目:What should you do if our iron starts to drip water?
答案及解释:原文说:如果你的熨斗产生水滴而不是放出水蒸气,是以为你把温度设置的过低。题目问:如果你的熨斗开始滴水,你应该做什么?答案应该是升高温度的意思,但原文中并没有相应的原词,需要自己写出来。最好的答案是根据your temperature control is set too low 改为set temperature high/higher。同样正确的答案为:increase the temperature 或turn up temperature。
雅思阅读能力如何提高
首先,当然是词汇。任何一篇内容相对复杂的阅读文章,都不可避免地出现大量生僻词语或者是难度相对较大的单词。从文章的选材而言,范围是十分丰富的,主要来自世界各国主要的英文报刊杂志,内容涉及任何一个国家的文化、经济、自然和科技等。而IELTS考试所考查的,是实际运用语言的能力,所以在考试中真正需要理解的单词,或是题目中真正考查到的单词,往往是英语(Q吧)阅读中的一些最核心的单词。这些单词虽然数量不多,难度不大,但却是必须掌握的。就考试而言,掌握6000左右的常用词汇,即大学六级大纲中所要求的词汇是必须的。
第二,复杂的句型结构。有些同学的词汇量已经达到了6000左右,但是依然感觉读不懂文章,这就是因为文章中充斥着大量结构复杂难以把握的复杂句。如:The challenge now is to develop policies and practices based on a presumption of shared responsibility between men and women, and a presumption that there are potential benefits for men and women, as well as for families and the community, if there is greater gender equality in the responsibilities and pleasures of family life. 这是一个相对复杂的句子,主干是the challenge now is to develop policies and practices, 从based on到句子的结尾处是由过去分词短语充当的状语。后一个presumption后面有一个由that引导的从句,充当presumption的同位语。在同位语的后面,有一个if 引导的条件状语从句。一般而言,对同学们造成障碍的是并列句或并列复合句,倒装结构,所以在训练时可以精挑一个语段做仔细分析。
第三,题型多样化。这个障碍使原本已经拥有相当英语语言实力的考生,在考试中因为缺乏对题型的理解,或是被众多题型干扰,不能正常发挥。一些必考题型如list of headings, summary, T/F/NG等,可以作为练习重点。如summary题是很多同学感到头痛的题型,普遍感到非常难找。其实不然,只要记住两大原则即可。原则一,顺序原则。summary题的答案排列顺序,必定与文章的行文顺序一致。原则二,完整的summary,不仅应该能够体现文章本身所表达的思想含义,而且必须是符合语法规律的英语文章。所以根据语法也可以进行判断。
在准备考试的过程中,除了要做IELTS考题之外,还要进行泛读和快速阅读。泛读可以选择一些英美主流媒体的文章,在网站上可以找到,目的是熟悉单词和句型。快速阅读就是用扫描文章的方法对其结构有大致的了解,并把握其主旨。同时,在重点句子和词汇上做出标记。这种方法对阅读考试帮助极大,平时可多加练习。另外,为了提高阅读的速度还要养成良好的阅读习惯,不能边看边用嘴跟着读,眼、嘴并用必会降低阅读速度;一旦发现生词(这种情况绝大多数同学都肯定要遇到),先不要紧张,要通过英语构词法(前缀、词根和后缀)来分析推测词义,或结合上下文、前后词语去猜测,如果根据上下文及前后词语还是无法确切了解其真正含义,可以再看一下这个词对整个句子所构成的影响是肯定的,还是否定的,实际上这对你理解作者的意图已足够了,实在不行就做上记号,将来看一看是否影响答题,如无影响就坚决忽略。
雅思阅读
篇5:雅思阅读题型介绍
雅思阅读题型介绍
文章介绍
第一部分的内容选自通知、广告、时间表、宣传品、以及其它类似的内容。第二部分的内容选自大学招生简章、课程介绍、大学课程介绍、图书馆指引、规定、以及其它类似的内容。第三部分的内容选自报纸、杂志、期刊、小说或非虚构的书籍、以及其它类似的内容。所有文章总计长度约在2400字左右。
题目形式
雅思考试阅读部分(培训类)有11种基本的题型,部分题型还会有其它的变化形式。
题型1 选择题
题型2 多项配对
题型3 填空
题型4 完成句子
题型5 完成笔记、总结、或流程图
题型6 完成总结
题型7 为段落或文章的部分选择相对应的小标题
题型8 寻找信息
题型9 判断作者观点、看法或文章中的具体信息
题型10 分类
题型11 配对
题型一选择题
题目可能已经给出句子的前半部分,考生需在选项中选择一个的方法答案完成这个句子。题目也可能是一个完整的问题,考生需在选项中选择一个的答案。考生需从四个可供选择的答案A、B、C或D中选择一个的答案。题目的顺序与相对应的信息在文章中出现的顺序是相同的。
这种题型可能出现的形式有:
有时考生需从多于四个可供选择的选项中进行选择,也有可能需选择不止一个作为正确答案。另外,也有可能在一组问题的末尾再提出一个总括性的问题,如为文章选择一个最适合的标题。
题型二多项配对
题目将给出数个选项,考生需将这些可供选择的选项与文章节选或段落进行对应。文章节选或段落用字母所标注,会出现某些选项不被选择的可能,或者有些选项会被用到不止一次。多项配对题考察的是考生在阅读时使用跳读和扫读技巧寻找特定信息的能力。
题型三填空
这种题型要求考生回答关于文章中具体的、事实性的信息的问题,考生需在问卷上填写多个单词或数字进行作答。一般来说,题目的指示会说明“从文章中选取不超过三个单词和/或一个数字作答”,但有些时候是“一个单词”、或“不超过两个单词”、或“四个单词”。数字可以用阿拉伯数字、也可以用文字的形式填写。如果考生填写了超过问题指示中所要求的字数,即使所填的内容中包含正确的答案,也会被扣分。缩写的单词不会被作为考试的内容。带有连字符的单词按照一个单词计算。
这种题型要求考生能够有效地进行跳读,在文章中寻找相关的段落,并能够有效地进行扫读,寻找相关的句子并对详细信息进行仔细阅读。题目的顺序通常是经过了编排的,所以答案出现的顺序通常来说是与文章的顺序相同的。
题型四完成句子
? 第一种形式:考生需按照要求的字数完成一个从文章中抽取出来的句子。
? 第二种形式:题目中给出了前半个句子(该句与文章内容有关),考生需从若干个选项中选取合适的内容完成这个句子。考生有时需要多次使用某一个选项作答。
如果是第一种形式,题目的指示中会说明考生最多可以使用多少个单词。最常见的指示会说明“用不超过三个单词和/或一个数字作答”,但有些时候是“一个单词”、或“不超过两个单词” 、或“四个单词”。数字可以用阿拉伯数字、也可以用文字的形式填写。
如果考生填写了超过问题指示中所要求的字数,即使所填的内容中包含正确的答案,也会被扣分。缩写的单词不会被作为考试的内容。带有连字符的单词按照一个单词计算。在考生需填写单词完成句子的题目中,单词必须是直接从文章中选取的。如果是第二种形式,考生需从若干个答案中选择的答案进行作答,并将答案所对应的字母填写在答卷上。选择的答案数量比问题的数量要多。
在几乎所有需要将句首和句尾进行配对的题目里,可供选择的句尾的语法都是符合语法规则的。考生需按照意思来将句首和句尾进行配对,而不是通过语法。文章中题目出现的顺序是与文章的顺序相同的。
题型五完成笔记、表格或流程图
考生需要使用一个或多个单词来填写笔记、表格或流程图里的空格。题目的指引中会清楚地说明需选择一个词、不超过两个词、三个词或者四个词等。这种题型要求考生需能够有效地进行跳读,在文章中寻找相关的段落,并能够有效地进行扫读,寻找相关的句子并对详细信息进行仔细阅读。对于这种题型来说,答案通常会集中出现在文中某一部分,而不是散落在整篇文章中。
? 第一种形式:考生需从题目所提供的一组单词和词组中选取合适的一个单词或多个单词进行填空,可选择的单词或词组数量会比需要填写的单词的数量要多。
? 第二种形式:没有可供选择的单词,考生需从文章中选取一个单词或词组进行填空。
题型六完成总结
考生需要使用一个单词或者多个单词来填写笔记、表格或流程图里的空格。如果考生需从文章中选取单词或数字进行填空,题目的指引中会清楚地说明需选择一个词、不超过两个词、三个词或者四个词等。对于这种题型来说,答案通常会集中出现在文中某一部分,而不是散落在整篇文章中。
这种题型最常出现在雅思考试阅读(培训类)的第三部分,但也有可能出现在其他部分。完成总结的对象可能是整篇文章也可能是文章的一部分。有时题目会给出总结所需的小标题,可以帮助考生找到需要进行总结的部分。需要总结全文的题目是考察考生寻找要点的能力,需要总结部分文章的题目考察的是考生寻找补充性的细节信息。
? 第一种形式:考生需从题目所提供的一组单词和词组中选取合适的一个单词或多个单词进行填空,可选择的单词或词组数量会比需要填写的单词的数量要多。
? 第二种形式:没有可供选择的单词,考生需从文章中选取一个单词或词组进行填空。
题型七为段落或文章的部分选择相对应的小标题
题目会给出一组小标题,这些小标题对应文章中的部分段落。考生需将这些小标题与具体的段落进行配对。通常考生需要对7-8个小标题进行配对,而文章可能有不止7-8个段落,有一些小标题可能已经作为示范进行了配对。小标题的数量总是比段落的数量要多,而且每个小标题只能使用一次,所以考生需要进行仔细思考再选择。这种题型考察的是考生区分要点和补充性细节信息的能力。
题型八寻找信息
在这种题型中,题目出现的顺序与信息出现的顺序是不相同的。考生不一定需要在每一段文章中寻找信息。但考生有可能需要在同一个段落里寻找不止一个信息,在这种情况下,题目的指引中会对此进行说明。这种题型考察考生在段落中寻找特定信息的能力。
考生需要寻找的信息包括:
? 特定信息
? 某种事情/事物的例子
? 事件等发生的原因
? 一个描述
? 一个总结
? 一个解释
? 其他
题型九判断作者观点、看法或文章中的具体信息
题目会提供一组表示意见/看法,或是事实性信息的陈述。这种题型考察考生进行跳读、扫读和对细节进行阅读理解的能力。
? 针对意见或看法,考生需回答这些陈述是否符合或反映了作者的观点或看法。答案的形式有“是”(YES)、“否”(NO)、或“无从判断”(NOT GIVEN)。
? 针对事实性信息,考生需回答这些陈述是否与文章中的信息一致。答案的形式有“一致”(TRUE)、“不一致”(FALSE)、或“无从判断”(NOT GIVEN)。
题型十分类
题目会提供一组信息、以及数个类别,这些类别用一个或多个字母代表。考生需根据信息的共性将这些信息归类到各个类别中。这种题型考察考生能否区分文中信息之间的关系和关联,最常见于涉及事实性信息的文章中,如说明文。考生需要进行跳读和扫读以寻找相关的信息并对细节进行阅读理解。
题型十一配对
题目会提供一组内容,如原理、观点、人名、地名、物品等。考生需将这些内容与一组选项中的相应内容进行配对。题目指引中会对是否需要使用多次进行配对进行说明。这种题型考察考生进行跳读和扫读的能力,以及阅读理解文中某一部分要点的能力。
提示:
? 应仔细阅读题目的指示和说明,这些信息会告诉你在哪里寻找答案、需要如何回答问题、以及答案字数的限定。题目里的指示还会说明答案是否可以多次使用,并提醒你把答案转抄到答卷上。
? 注意大多数的题型下,题目出现的顺序和信息在文章中出现的顺序都是一致的。
? 进行扫读练习,以便能在文章片段中快速寻找与题目相关的关键词。你也可以用扫读练习在段落中寻找关键词。
? 在大多数情况下(如填空题),你所填写的答案需符合正确的语法要求,正确的单词拼写和词组搭配是非常重要的,出现错误是要被扣分的。
? 在大多数情况下,你可以在文章里找到需要填写的单词,并应将这个词正确仔细地抄在答卷上。运用笔记、表格、图表或流程图中的内容以及范例来预测答案所涉及的信息的类型。
? 在辅导课上,与同学和老师讨论每种题型下答案可能出现的形式。
? 在阅读的时候将关键词和词组用下划线标记出来,并注意题目中的关键词与文中关键词的联系。
? 熟悉同义词以及带有概括作用的词汇,这可以帮助你找到相关信息。
? 练习如何用不同的方式表达相同的意思和信息。
? 思考某些信息之间有什么共性、又有什么不同之处。
? 练习相关的阅读技巧,如跳读、扫读,用于寻找信息。
? 有些考生认为只有做题才能帮助提高成绩,因此陷于题海战术。这并不能让考生按照希望的那样快速提高成绩,这对备考和英语学习是不利的。备考的过程中应该广泛阅读不同的材料,如报纸、期刊、杂志和书籍,并利用这些资源为备考服务。
? 注意熟悉不同的文体,并且练习如何更好地理解这些文体。在练习中熟悉所有雅思考试阅读(培训类)的题型。
? 要注意阅读的方法不止一种。有的考生会一字一句地慢慢地仔细阅读,并把所有的生词划出来,还因为这些生词而打断了阅读的连贯性。你应该明确,考试的主要任务是找到题目的答案,因此考试中运用的阅读技巧与你需要记忆内容时所用的阅读技巧是不同的。考试过程中不应过于担心出现的生词,同时应该在平时多加练习如何根据上下文的语义来猜测生词的意思,尽量不要用字典查每一个生词。
? 在任何时候都要认真阅读题目的指示。有些题型是会有不同的变化形式的,如果不明确题目的要求,你是很容易出现混淆而导致出错的。
? 在阅读的时候应该注意时间限制。如果某个题目你一时找不到答案,就应该继续做下一道题目,避免在某一道题目上花费过多的时间。
? 注意不要过于依赖于从文中寻找某个词来作答。你应该练习如何改述、在文中找到改述的内容。
? 遇到那些题目出现的顺序与文章顺序一致的题型,要记得你是无须返回前文寻找每一个问题的答案的。
雅思考试阅读理解预测试题及答案
In the earliest stages of man's development he had no more need of money than animals have. He was content with very simple forms of shelter, made his own rough tools and weapons and could provide food and clothing for himself and his family from natural materials around him. As he became more civilized, however, he began to want better shelter, more efficient tools and weapons, and more comfortable and more lasting clothing than could be provided by his own neighborhood or by the work of his own unskilled hands. For these things he had to turn to the skilled people such as smiths, leather workers or carpenters. It was then that the question of payment arose.
At first he got what he wanted by a simple process of exchange. The smith who had not the time to look after land or cattle was glad to take meat or grain from the farmer in exchange for an axe or a plough. But as more and more goods which had no fixed exchange value came on the market, exchange became too complicated to be satisfactory. Another problem arose when those who made things wanted to get stocks of wood or leather, or iron, but had nothing to offer in exchange until their finished goods were ready.
Thus the difficulties of exchange led by degrees to the invention of money. In some countries easily handled things like seeds or shells were given a certain value and the farmer, instead of paying the smith for a new axe by giving him some meat or grain, gave him so many shells. If the smith had any shells left when he had bought his food, he could get stocks of the raw materials of his trade. In some countries quite large things such as cows or camels or even big flat stones were used for trade. Later, pieces of metal, bearing values according to the rarity of the metal and the size of the pieces, or coins were used. Money as we know it had arrived.
1. Exchange of goods became difficult because _________.
A man became more civilized
B smiths began to look after land or cattle in their spare time
C more and more goods which had no fixed exchange values came to the marker
D farmers hadn't enough grain or meat to provide for skilled workers
2. Money was not used until _______.
A paper was invented
B people practiced a simple process of exchange
C nothing could be offered in exchange
D the exchange of one thing for another became too complicated
3. The best title for this passage is _____.
A What is money
B What are money's functions.
C The importance of money
D The beginning of money
注释:
1. stage 阶段;时期at an early stage in our history
在我们的历史早期
(前面与the连用)演员生涯;剧院工作;戏剧工作 行程,旅程
to travel by easy stages 从容旅行
2. content n.内容,容量,目录,满足adj.满足的, 满意的, 愿意vt.使满足
We should never content ourselves with a little book knowledge only. 我们切不可满足于仅仅有一点点书本知识。
3. shelter n.掩蔽处,身避处,掩蔽,保护,庇护所,掩体v.掩蔽,躲避
He stood in the shelter at the bus stop. 他站在公共汽车站的候车亭里。
4. smith n.铁匠,金属品工匠
leather n.皮革,皮革制品
carpenter n.木匠
5. axe or plough 斧或犁
6 complicate 使复杂化,使错综加重(疾病)使混乱,难做、难懂;使恶化
be complicated in 卷入……(的麻烦中)
Don't complicate life for me! 不要为我把生活搞复杂了!
答案:1 C 2 D 3 D
雅思考试阅读理解模拟测试题及答案
Next Year Marks the EU's 50th Anniversary of the Treaty
A. After a period of introversion and stunned self-disbelief, continental European governments will recover their enthusiasm for pan-European institution-building in . Whether the European public will welcome a return to what voters in two countries had rejected so short a time before is another matter.
B. There are several reasons for Europe's recovering self-confidence. For years European economies had been lagging dismally behind America (to say nothing of Asia), but in the large continental economies had one of their best years for a decade, briefly outstripping America in terms of growth. Since politics often reacts to economic change with a lag, 2006's improvement in economic growth will have its impact in 2007, though the recovery may be ebbing by then.
C. The coming year also marks a particular point in a political cycle so regular that it almost seems to amount to a natural law. Every four or five years, European countries take a large stride towards further integration by signing a new treaty: the Maastricht treaty in 1992, the Treaty of Amsterdam in , the Treaty of Nice in . And in they were supposed to ratify a European constitution, laying the ground for yet more integration—until the calm rhythm was rudely shattered by French and Dutch voters. But the political impetus to sign something every four or five years has only been interrupted, not immobilised, by this setback.
D. In 2007 the European Union marks the 50th anniversary of another treaty—the Treaty of Rome, its founding charter. Government leaders have already agreed to celebrate it ceremoniously, restating their commitment to “ever closer union” and the basic ideals of European unity. By itself, and in normal circumstances, the EU's 50th-birthday greeting to itself would be fairly meaningless, a routine expression of European good fellowship. But it does not take a Machiavelli to spot that once governments have signed the declaration (and it seems unlikely anyone would be so uncollegiate as to veto it) they will already be halfway towards committing themselves to a new treaty. All that will be necessary will be to incorporate the 50th-anniversary declaration into a new treaty containing a number of institutional and other reforms extracted from the failed attempt at constitution-building and—hey presto—a new quasi-constitution will be ready.
E. According to the German government—which holds the EU's agenda-setting presidency during the first half of 2007—there will be a new draft of a slimmed-down constitution ready by the middle of the year, perhaps to put to voters, perhaps not. There would then be a couple of years in which it will be discussed, approved by parliaments and, perhaps, put to voters if that is deemed unavoidable. Then, according to bureaucratic planners in Brussels and Berlin, blithely ignoring the possibility of public rejection, the whole thing will be signed, sealed and a new constitution delivered in -10. Europe will be nicely back on schedule. Its four-to-five-year cycle of integration will have missed only one beat.
F. The resurrection of the European constitution will be made more likely in 2007 because of what is happening in national capitals. The European Union is not really an autonomous organisation. If it functions, it is because the leaders of the big continental countries want it to, reckoning that an active European policy will help them get done what they want to do in their own countries.
G. That did not happen in 2005-06. Defensive, cynical and self-destructive, the leaders of the three largest euro-zone countries—France, Italy and Germany—were stumbling towards their unlamented ends. They saw no reason to pursue any sort of European policy and the EU, as a result, barely functioned. But by the middle of 2007 all three will have gone, and this fact alone will transform the European political landscape.
H. The upshot is that the politics of the three large continental countries, bureaucraticmomentum and the economics of recovery will all be aligned to give a push towards integration in 2007. That does not mean the momentum will be irresistible or even popular. The British government, for one, will almost certainly not want to go with the flow, beginning yet another chapter in the long history of confrontation between Britain and the rest of Europe. More important, the voters will want a say. They rejected the constitution in 2005. It would be foolish to assume they will accept it after 2007 just as a result of an artful bit of tinkering.
Questions 1-6 Do the following statemets reflect the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 1?
Write your answer in Boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet.
TRUE if the statemenht reflets the claims of the writer
FALSE if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer
NOT GIVEN if it is possbile to say what the writer thinks about this
1. After years' introspection and mistrust, continental European governments will resurrect their enthusiasm for more integration in 2007.
2. The European consitution was officially approved in 2005 in spite of the oppositon of French and Dutch voters.
3. The Treaty of Rome , which is considered as the fundamental charter of the European Union, was signed in 1957.
4. It is very unlikely that European countries will sign the declaration at the 50th anniversary of the Treaty of Rome.
5. French government will hold the EU's presidency and lay down the agenda during the first half of .
6. For a long time in hisotry, there has been confrontation between Britain and the rest of European countries.
雅思阅读考试小范围预测
The tuatara-past and future 动物
The meaning of history study 人文社科
Birds intelligence 动物
Food Addictive 工业
Ancient Greek Coins 人文社科 0118 0510
Culture and Communication人文社科
Ocean power 能源 0829A 20091024
Who should look after the child? 人文社科 Paper money 发展史
Hibernation 动物
Human Rights to animal 人文社科
Blind to Change 心理学
Skink in New Zealand 动物
Odd and curious money 人文社科
Living with uncertainty 自然环境
The power of music 艺术
Japan's ancient pottery 历史
Fish communications 动物
Darkside of Technological Boom 科技
Children's adults 文学
Does class size matter?教育
Trade 发展史
The history of Russian Ballet 发展史
Aquaculture in New Zealand 农业
We have star performers 商业管理
The influence of social network to people's loneliness人文社科
Expert in musician 人文社科
Butterfly farms in UK 农业
Consumer advertisement 商业管理 0305 20141002
Children and robot 科技 20160305 20141002
Typography Introduction of Printed books 发展史
Fluoridation in the water 医疗健康
Undergraduate students study dramas 人文社科
Unique golden textile 工业
British Woodlands 自然环境
Coastal sculpture 艺术
Solving an Arctic Mystery 人文社科
When did music begin? 艺术
Tick Tock Body clock 生物
The importance of being playful 人文社科
Entrepreneur training 商业管理
SSDP Project 环保
Newly Hatched birds 动物
Egypt‘s Sunken Treasures 考古
Alcohol fuel in England 能源
New Zealand Home Textile Craft 人文社科
Sweet Trouble–Australia sugarcane industry 农业
The Grimme Fairy Tale人文社科
Gesture 人文社科
Dust and American 环保
Australia Parrots 动物
An ancient city- Titris Hoyuk考古
篇6:雅思阅读题型分析
雅思考试阅读一般会有3篇文章,共40道题目,阅读文章的长度在1500到3000词左右。常见的阅读题型有:填空题、匹配题、回答问题、多重选择题、完成图表题、示意图题型、辨别正误题型等等。
雅思阅读八大题型详解
雅思阅读题型一、paragraph headings(段落标题)最频繁的题型之一
一般来说有10个左右的标题选项会给出在阅读文章的后面,其中会包含一到两个段落和其标题的例子。这种题目要求考生对给出的段落在文章内容中找出与其相匹配的段落标题,虽然题目给出的标题会应用于多个段落,但是在正式的考试中,一个选项只能适用于一个段落。
雅思阅读题型二、辨别正误题型(True / false /not given)
该题型还涉及到:(not given / not mentioned)没有提到,有时还会出现下列提法accurat / inaccurat精确/不精确;supported / contradicted 一致/不一致。 correct / incorrect正确与不正确。辨别正误题型属于难度较大的题型。通常在阅读测试中的第三或第四部分出现。
雅思阅读题型三、回答问题(short-answer question tasks)
回答问题是根据所给文章或图表回答问题。这种题目是考察考生对信息的筛选和提取能力,比如在IELTS阅读测试中通常是用下列单词提问:.what、which、when、where、who、whose、whom、why、 how等。除了利用上述单词进行提问外,有时会在答题指引中将所提问题列出。
雅思阅读题型四、完成图表、示意图题型(table、chart or diagram completion)
这种题目就是要求考生将图标的信息补全。在雅思阅读中,会出现很多的图表和示意图,这些图表中的文字内容不多,但是问题的答案都包含在图表之中,需要考生自己去填补。
雅思阅读题型五、配对题(matching)
这种题型也是考察考生的信息筛选能力。这种题型较为普遍,配对的范围主要包括新产品的发明家、发明时间,事件和事件的发展经过,事件发生的原因和结果,文章内容中概念的解释和标志性事物及其所处的年代等等。
雅思阅读题型六、摘要(summary)、填空题型 (gapfill)
填空题通常有两种形式:一种是根据文章内容选择词或短语填空,一般是为阅读文章的缩写内容进行填空;另一种则无参考文章,只是一篇短文。第一种题型相对第二种题型较难,所花费时间较多,因为要将两篇文章进行语句、词语的比较。不过这种缩写形式对于理解所给阅读文章有所帮助。第二种形式是利用所给单词或短语进行填空。上述两种形式填空题都需要借助语法、词法知识,分析所需填空文章中相关句子的含义。
雅思阅读题型七、完成句子题型 (sentence completion tasks)
这种题目比较花时间,需要考生根据选项在文章仔细的寻找相关的信息,这也是考察考生筛选信息和提取信息的能力。题目会给出句子的一部分内容,没有给出的部分就要求考生在文章中去找,或者给你选项让你选一个。
雅思阅读题型八、多重选择题型 (maltiple-choice tasks)
IELTS阅读测试中多重选择题型与toefl测试中的多重选择题型虽然类似,但实质上差别很大。ielt阅读测试中的多重选择题型更多侧重于对文章的理解,而非强调语法、词法的运用。
14种雅思阅读题型技巧讲解大全之最难选择题
雅思阅读选择题之题型要求
这是一个传统题型,大家都很熟悉。但就是这种大家都熟悉的题型,IELTS考试也要弄出新花样:四选一和多选多两种。
四选一,选项肯定是四个。即要求从A、B、C、D四项中选择一个最符合题意的选项。
多选多,选项肯定是五个或五个以上,而正确答案的数目肯定在两个以上。
哪个更难呢?很多同学会好不犹豫地说是多选多。实际上,多选多很容易,是一种简单题型。它具有以下几个特点:
(1) 正确答案的数目是已知的。在题目的要求中会告诉你要选出几个选项。题目要求中常WHICH FOUR, WHICH THREE 等字样。
(2) 答案在原文中是集中出现的,对应原文中的例举。找着一个答案,其余几个就在它的前后不远处。
我们举一个中文阅读的例子来说明。文章如下:
帕金森症是一种顽症。它是由大脑中缺乏一种叫多巴胺的化学物质引起的。(后面删减100字)很多名人深受其苦。比如,我们的改革的总设计师邓小平、拳王阿里、以故数学家陈景润等等。(后面删减100字)
题目是:以下哪三个人得过帕金森症?
A. 邓小平
B. 里根
C. 拳王阿里
D. 布什
E. 陈景润 答案:ACE
四选一在考试中,一般比较难。它的特点是:四个选项,哪个都像。好像在原文中都提到了,但又都和原文的叙述不太一样。很容易选错。
选择题和问答题的区别在于:问答题要求你自己从原文中找答案。而选择题给你四个选项,让你选择,在给你提示的同时,也给了你一个陷阱。有些选择题,如果改为回答题,你可能能够做对,但给了你四个选项,反而选错了。
考试中,四选一,A类和G类一般都是每次必考,考一组,共3题左右。多选多,不是每次必考。
雅思阅读选择题之解题步骤
(1) 找出题干中的关键词,最好先定位到原文中的一个段落。
将题干中的关键词与原文各段落的小标题或每段话的第一句相对照。有些题目能先定位到原文中的一个段落,着必将大大加快解题时间,并提高准确率。但并不是每个题目都能先定位到原文中的一个段落的。
如果题目中的关键词难以确定答案的位置,选项中的关键词也可以作为定位的参考依据。
(2) 从头到尾快速阅读该段落,根据题干中的其他关键词及选项确定正确答案。正确选项常常是原文相关词句的改写。
确定一个段落后,答案在该段落中有的具体位置是未知的。所以,需要从头到尾快速阅读该段落,确定正确答案。短问答的答案常常是原文原词,而选择题的答案常常是原文相关词句的改写。
(3) 有些题目比较简单,可以直接选择。对于难题,可以用排除法确定正确答案。
有些题目比较简单,从原文很快找到对应答案。这时可以直接选择不必看其它选项。既可以节省时间,同时也避免受干扰选项的误导。
有些题目比较难,看每个选项都有点像,但又都不太象。这时,可以用排除法,先排除掉肯定不对的选项,然后在剩下的选项中再做出选择。通常,有两个选项必有好排除,另外两个有一定的难度。请参见本题型的注意事项部分,其中分析了干扰选项的特点。
(4) 要注意顺序性,即题目的顺序和原文的顺序基本一致。
题目是有顺序性的。第一题的答案应在文章的前部,第二题的答案应在第一题的答案之后。这个规律也有助于同学们确定答案的位置。
雅思阅读选择题之注意点
1. 如果一个选项合乎题意,还要看其它选项中是否有both…and、all of the above的字样。
我们举一个中文阅读的例子:
原文:如果你随便停车,要罚你款,还要把你的车拖走。
题目:如果你随便停车,将:
A. 被罚款
B. 你的车被拖走
C. 没事儿
D. both被罚款and你的车被拖走 答案:D
如果选项中有一个是all of the above,它是正确选项的可能性很大。Both…and是正确选项比all of the above小一些。总之,如果一个选项合乎题意,不要马上选。看一眼其余选项中是否有both…and, all of the above的字样。
2. 注意题干中是否有not, except的字样。
题干中有这些词时,通常是将它们大写并使用黑体,特别醒目。如果不注意看,必然答错题。
如前面的关于帕金森症的中文阅读文章,可能出一道四选一的题目:
题目:下面的人得过帕金森症EXCEPT
A. 邓小平
B. 里根
C. 拳王阿里
D. 陈景润 答案:B
3. 干扰选项的特点
做选择题的过程就是与干扰选项做斗争的过程。清楚干扰选项的特点,就能做到百战百胜。干扰选项特征如下:
A. 无:选项中所讲的内容在原文中根本不存在,或找不到语言依据。要注意,答题的唯一依据是原文,不能凭借自己的知识或主观想象。
B. 反:与原文相矛盾的选项。这时要注意题干或原文中是否有NOT、EXECPT等词,也要注意反义词。
C. 满:含有“绝对意义”的词汇如must、always、all、will的选项,一般为错误选项。选项中含有“相对意义”的词汇如can、may、sometimes、some、not always,一般为正确答案。也就是说,越是模棱两可、含含糊糊,越可能是正确答案,因为它适用的范围更广。这条规律的适用性很强,实践证明它的准确率在90%以上。
D. 偏:似是而非,与原句部分相似的选项。这是不太容易排除的。
E. 混:张冠李戴,有时题干是主语,选项是谓语,要留心题干的主语和选项的谓语构成的主谓结构是否张冠李戴。这种干扰项规律也比较明显,常常是这样的:
原文:甲事物的特征是X。乙事物的特征是Y。
题干是甲事物,选项中肯定有特征Y,但肯定没有特征X。为什么呢?特征Y就是让你选的干扰项,如果选项中有特征X,你肯定会选它,就不会选错了。也就是出题者为了这个精心布置的陷阱成功,他会舍弃特征X,而在文章的其它地方谈到甲事物的时候,出现一个正确答案。
4. 正确选项应是原文的改写,与原文特别一致的选项应引起怀疑。
正确选项应是原文相关词句的改写,所以与原文特别一致的选项是正确选项的可能性不大。
篇7:雅思阅读题型分析
首先,这两种题型可不是考官随心所欲的产物。T/F/NG题型多出现在前两篇阅读中,而Y/N/NG大多出现在第三篇中。为啥?因为T/F/NG一般是根据所有的facts,也就是事实判断来出题,Y/N/NG是根据idea或者argument,也就是观点来出题。而我们在“三篇文章难度是否一致”那期文章中讲到过,前两篇文章大多是说明类事实陈述文章,而第三篇文章相对来说观点类的会更多一点。大家懂了吗,可以找出剑桥真题检验一下哦。这两种题型很nice,一般都是顺序出题的。
篇8:雅思阅读题型分析
这种题型又可能分成两种,一种是带选项的,一种是不带选项的。宝宝们猜猜哪一种会更简单?答案是不带选项的会更简单一点。因为不带选项的意味着你可以把文章中的原词直接写上,这里面是不需要太多的同义替换技巧的,找到原文,抄下来原词,搞定。
至于带选项的summary,你会发现题目中会设置同义替换,也有可能会有一些归纳总结。也就是原文当中三句话的内容,对应到题目summary里的浓缩成了一句话描述,甚至最后选的词有可能是一个归纳总结性的词。这对大家的理解概括能力以及同义词掌握程度要求就比较高。(再次强调同意替换词的重要性,宝宝们一定坚持背我们的同义替换打卡计划)。这种题型还很任性,有可能是顺序有可能是乱序。
雅思阅读题型之list of headings
这种题型平时我们用中文说的话就是小标题题或者段落标题题。这种题型肯定是乱序出题的,毕竟如果matching headings是顺序出题的话,这题就没法做了,直接一段对一个标题。(虽然大家很希望如此对吧)
雅思阅读题型之multiple choice
这其实是我们做的比较多的一种题型,这里面又包含了两种题型,一种是四选一的,一般来说会在第3篇文章中出现;还有一种是五选二或者多选多的。这些题目一般来讲会是顺序出题。
雅思阅读题型之matching information
就是会有几句话放在一个地方,然后题目描述会问你“哪一个段落包含以下信息?”这种问法熟悉吧。这个题型是乱序出题的。另外要注这information里有一个技巧,所有的这些的题干在开始会有一个抽象词,比如说adion,example,或者是figure类似的。你在定位原文的时候要注意这些提示词。
雅思阅读题型之matching features
给你几个人物让你在原文当中找他的观点,或者几个年代让你在原文中在不同年代发生的事情。大家注意一下这种题目一定是乱序出题的,如果是顺序的话也就没有matching的意义了,所以所有的matching题一点是乱序的。
这里提醒大家额外注意,matching features的选项是顺序的。举个例子,题目要求你把5个人名和他们的观点进行配对,那么这5个人的观点,也就是选项部分,在原文当中是顺序出现的。所以这种题型的解题技巧是按照选项顺序对照原文,然后再对应这些基本观点是出自哪些人。所以matching features是乱序出题,但是选项是顺序出现在原文中的。
雅思阅读题型之matching sentence endings
就是每个题干都是半句话,下面选项中有很多后半句,让你做一个基本的对应。这种题型是乱序出题的。
雅思阅读题型之table completion,也就是表格填空。它的顺序不一定,有可能顺序也有可能乱序。
雅思阅读题型之sentence completion,就是一句话中间给你挖出一个空填上就行。也有时候会挖两个空,一般来讲这两个空会有并列关系,它们两个算一道题计一次分。这种题型一般是顺序出题的。
雅思阅读题型之notes completion,题型设置和table completion很相似,不一定顺序还是乱序。
雅思阅读题型之labeling diagram。给你一个diagram然后你在原文中找到对应说明段落再把空填好。这种题目同样有可能会顺序也有可能会乱序。另外这个题型在OG里面或者剑11里面都出现过,所以大家关注一下。
雅思阅读题型之short answer question,就是简答题。直接给你一个题目,你用一两个或者两三个单词回答。这种题型是顺序出题的,每个题的题干在原文当中和自然段的顺序是对应的。
雅思阅读题型之flow chart completion,这个和diagram比较像,大家在做的时候直接看题目描述就可以了。题目描述是怎么说的,它就对应哪一种题型。同样,这种题型有可能顺序出题,也有可能乱序。











