建筑师考试大纲辅导考试样题

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建筑师考试大纲辅导考试样题

篇1：建筑师考试大纲辅导考试样题

一、单项选择题（每题1分。每题的备选项中，只有1个最符合题意）

下列工程质量统计分析方法中，可用来判别施工质量是否属于正常状态的方法是（）。

a、分层法 b、因查分析图法 c、排列图法 d、直方图法

答案：d

二、多项选择题（每题2分。每题中的备选项中，有2个或2个以上符合题意，至少有1个错项。错选，本题不得分；少选，所选的每个选项得05分）

建设工程施工技术方案包括对建设工程（）的确定。

a、施工方法 b、工艺顺序 c、施工流向 d、施工时间 e、施工工艺

答案：a、e

三、案例题（每题20分，请根据背景材料，按要求作答）

某工业厂房工程，桩基础采用预制钢筋混凝土管桩，主体结构采用钢筋混凝土框架结构。业主通过招标选择了某监理单位。沉桩施工任务由业主单独发包。土建及机电安装工程由a施工单位承包，并在施工合同中明确机电安装工程由a施工单位通过招标另行发包。管桩由业主选定的供应单位负责运抵现场。

问题：

1、管桩运抵施工现场，可否视为“甲供构件？”为什么？简要回答如何组织检查验收。

2、如果现场检查出管桩不合格或管桩延期供货对正常施工进度造成影响，试指出可能会出现哪些主体间的索赔。

3、a施工单位应何时对机电安装分包单位进行考核？考核的主要内容是什么？

4、施工过程中a施工单位是否需要对机电安装工程的施工质量进行检查验收？为什么？

5、整个工程竣工预验收由哪家单位提出申请？试述竣工预验收程序。

答案：

1、可视为“甲供材料”。因业主负责选定管桩供应单位，沉桩施工单位与管桩供应单位没有合同关系。

应由沉桩施工单位负责组织验收，业主、管桩供应单位及监理单位参加，共同检查管桩质量、数量以及相关质量证明材料，符合要求后予以验收。

2、可能出现的主体间的索赔有：

沉桩施工单位与业主之间的索赔；

业主与管桩供应单位之间的索赔；

a施工单位与业主之间的索赔；

机电安装分包单位与a施工单位之间的索赔。

3、在机电安装工程招标阶段进行考核。考核的主要内容：

（1）相应的资质等级；

（2）满足工程需要的施工技术装备；

（3）合理的人员配置；

（4）完善的质保体系；

（5）良好的业绩和社会信誉。

4、是。因为a施工单位是总包单位，机电安装单位是分包单位，总包单位必须对机电安装分包工程施工质量向业主负责并承担连带责任，所以a施工单位必须对分包单位的施工质量进行检查验收。

5、提出申请单位：a施工单位。

预验收程序：当工程达到竣工验收条件后，a施工单位填写工程竣工报验单，并将全部竣工资料报送监理单位，申请竣工预验收。对监理单位提出的问题及时整改，合格后报监理单位，直至竣工资料及工程实体符合竣工要求。预验收合格后，a施工单位向业主提出正式竣工验收。

篇2：建筑师作图考试大纲概述：试题特点分析

考试大纲的调整与修订对考试科目影响最大的就是将“建筑方案设计”从原“建筑设计与表达”中独立出来。因此，设题思路就会有很大变化，其主导思想是要真正考出建筑师的水平与能力。从经过考试大纲调整与修订之后的设题意图来看，设题总的趋势比过去要“难”。所谓“难”意味着更侧重对应试者建筑方案设计能力的检测，而不是像以往考试那样；建筑规模小，功能简单，测试应试者方案能力要求不高，而对各工种的建筑技术问题，包括结构布置、构造设计、吊顶上各管线终端口及灯具布置等等，却面面俱到。也就是说该科目的考试更符合建筑学专业的特点。但是试图就20设题的情况摸出今后考试的设题特点与规律也许为时尚早，何况我们不赞成纯粹为了应试而进行猜题。根本的目的是按一级注册建筑师的业务能力标准要求自己，通过考试找出自己在哪些知识和能力方面有不足，以便有一个努力的方向。

既然要参加应试，有目的地进行考前准备也是理所当然的，分析往年的设题思路便是

一种较好的准备途径。

我们暂且以年的试题为例，分析一下设题的特点作为参考。

一、设题方向出现新变化2003年的试题(小型航站楼)从建筑类型来说已超出了过去的设题范围。这是多数人没有料想到的，既没有这种设计实践，也许不少人连这种建筑类型的生活体验也没有。其次，建筑规模也突破了10000m2，达到14140m2，而考试时间仍然为6小时，这就加大了该科目的考试难度。不但题型生疏，而且设计任务繁重。

为什么会出现这种设题方向的变化?正如前所述：改进后的考试方法就是要客观地检测建筑学专业与相关专业应试者在建筑方案设计能力上的真实差距。如果一位应试者平时缺乏建筑设计的专门训练，要想通过该科目的考试自然感到难度加大了。即使是建筑学专业的应试者，如果建筑设计功底单薄也会感到力不从心，因此加大设题难度势在必行。只有这样才能使真正的建筑师脱颖而出。

二、仍保留提供功能分析图

功能分析图可以帮助应试者更好地理解该建筑类型各房间的相互关系，特别是对于生疏的建筑类型，或者对于相关专业的应试者建立一个功能系统的概念会有一定帮助。之所以讲有一定帮助是因为所提供的功能分析图并不能完全表达该类型建筑所有房间之间有机的功能秩序。掌握这一点对于合理地进行功能分区和平面布局十分重要，这要靠应试者平时对这一类型建筑功能了解的程度，或者生活体验的程度。因为感觉到的才能真正理解它，才能在设计中把握它。

由于功能分析图不代表所有房间在一层进行功能布局，因此，试题又以文字对竖向功能分析作了说明，提示应试者先进行竖向功能布局，再分别对一、二层进行各自的平面功能布局。

三、设计深度有所要求

由于现在的试题题型不需要考虑结构布置、建筑构造、吊顶平面设计等内容，但在建筑方案设计的深度上却提出了新的要求，即要求对一些设施做到合理的配置，为此试题会提供一些必要的设施尺寸。如2003年的试题围绕小型航站楼，提供了旅客进出港办理各项手续及行李运送设施的平面图。既然提供这些资料也就意味着你在建筑方案设计中要合理体现出来。正如我们设计卫生间必须画出各种洁具一样，只不过对后者的尺寸及布置方式我们比较熟悉。而对于前者比较生疏而已。、

在一般设计要求上，仍保持过去设题对设计深度要求的是必须考虑无障碍设计。这是历年考试保留的测试项目。

四、建筑功能单一化

尽管2003年设题题型出人意料之外，面积也突破历年设题规模，但以两层平面就能构成一个完整的建筑类型方案这一设题原则基本没有变。也就是说建筑功能虽复杂但比较单一，而不是功能综合体，至少到目前为止设题还没有跳出这个框框。今后会不会以控制平面图的适当比例设题两层以上的建筑类型，比如旅馆类型建筑、写字楼建筑等，仍然可以用2～3张1号图纸完成若干层平面设计的内容，不是不可能。因为多层甚至高层建筑设计方案有更多的考核点(如标准层设计、消防规范、垂直交通体系、结构选型与格网尺寸等)也需要对应试者进行检测。

五、强调流线设计

2003年的试题是一座小型航站楼设计，这是最典型的强调流线设计的建筑类型。事实上，交通类型建筑的功能布局合理与否很大程度取决于流线的组织，这是一个复杂的设计：有旅客人流、有行李货流；有进港人流。有出港人流；有国内旅客，有国外旅客它们各自要符合工艺流程，又互不交叉干扰，要通过流线设计将各种功能空间有秩序地串起来，等等。应试者如果没有较强的建筑设计能力很难把流线组织得井井有条。类似的交通类型建筑如铁路旅客站、长途汽车客运站等，以及其他诸如图书馆建筑、博览馆建筑、餐饮建筑等都十分强调流线的设计，这大概是今后考试的重点之一。

六、图纸内容与要求有所变化

尽管图纸仍按常规以2～3张1号图为限，但由于该建筑规模较大，因此打破历来平面图按1：200比例绘制的惯例，而采用1 t 300比例，这就会影响到绘图时清晰表达的程度。

此外，该试题增加了绘制总平面图的要求。因为往年试题由于建筑规模不大，用地紧凑，可以在一层平面表示总平面设计的内容。而2003年的试题用地较大，场地设计内容较重要，需要单独进行总平面设计能力的测试，因此图纸要求也是合理的。

除上述图纸内容与要求有所变化外，其余的图纸要求与往年试题基本没变。只是由于该建筑面积较大，房间内容较多，在计算建筑面积时允许上下浮动的幅度有所提高(4-10％)。

篇3：大学英语四、六级考试口语考试样题

CET Spoken English Test

Sample Paper

Topic A - 1

Topic Area : City Life

Topic : City Traffic

Part 1 (5 minutes)

Examiner:

Good

morning (Good afternoon), everybody. Could you please tell me your name

and the number of your admission ticket? Your name, please. And your

number? … Your name? … And your number? ... Thank you.

Now would you please briefly introduce yourselves to each other? Remember, you should not mention the name of your university. (1.5 minutes)

OK, now that we know each other we can do some group work. First

of all, I'd like to ask each of you to say something about life in the

city.

[ C1, C2, C3 ]

1) How do you like living in Beijing ( Shanghai , Nanjing …)?

2) What do you think is the most serious challenge of living in a city like Beijing ( Shanghai , Nanjing …)?

3) How do you like shopping in a supermarket?

4) Where would you like to live, downtown or in the suburbs, and why?

5) What measures do you think we should take to reduce air pollution in Beijing ( Shanghai , Nanjing …)?

6) Can you say something about the entertainment available in your city?

7) Where would you like to find a job after graduation, in a big city like Beijing or Shanghai or in a small town and why?

8) What's your impression of the people in Beijing ( Shanghai , Nanjing …)?

Part 2 (10 minutes)

Examiner:

Now let's move on to something more specific. The topic for our

discussion today is “City Traffic”. You'll have a picture (some

pictures) showing two different types of transport. I'd like each of you

to give a brief description of each type and then compare the two

types. You'll have one minute to prepare and each of you will have one

and a half minutes to talk about the picture(s). Don't worry if I

interrupt you at the end of the time limit. Now here are your pictures.

[1 minute later]

Now, [ C1 ], would you please start first? [ C2 ] and [ C3 ], please put your pictures aside and listen to what [ C1 ] has to say.

[1.5 minutes later]OK. [ C2 ], now it's your turn.

[1.5 minutes later]OK, [ C3 ], and now it's your turn.

Right.

Now we all have some idea of various kinds of city transport. I'd like

you to discuss this topic further and see if you can agree on which is

the best type of transport for a big city like Beijing ( Shanghai ,

Nanjing …). During the discussion you may argue with each other or ask

each other questions to clarify a point. You will have about four and a

half minutes for the discussion. Your performance will be judged

according to your contributions to the discussion.

[If one candidate talks too long]

Sorry, I'll have to stop you now. Let's listen to what [ C? ] has to say.

[If

one candidate keeps silent for a long time] / [If the group is silent

for some time, then ask one of the candidates to start the discussion.]

Now, [ C? ], could you please say something about your view of …?

[4.5 minutes later]

All right, that's the end of the discussion.

Part 3 (5 minutes)

Examiner:

Now I'd like to ask you just one last question on the topic of “City Traffic”.

[Select a question from the following list to ask each of the candidates.]

[ C1 or C2 or C3 ]

oDuring the discussion, why did you say that ... ?

oWhat kind of transport do you usually use in your city?

oDo you have any suggestions as to how traffic conditions can be improved in big cities?

oDo you think private cars should be encouraged?

oWhy do you think some Western countries encourage people to ride bicycles?

Now, that's the end of the test. Thank you, everybody.

体例说明：

内容

体例

举例

o 主考用语:

黑体

Good morning.

o 对主考的提示:

[ 白体]

[Interrupt him/her if …]

o 变量（考生姓名）:

[ 斜体 ]

[ C1 ]

o 时间提示:

( 白体)

建筑师考试大纲辅导考试样题 (5 minutes)

o 过程说明:

斜体

Part 1

o 可变换的内容:

( )

Good morning (Good afternoon)

篇4：6月英语四级考试样题

6月英语四级考试样题

Part I Writing (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic.“ One Way to Solve the Problem. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese.”

1.机动车被看作是空气污染的首要原因

2.提出解决这一问题的方法

3.并说明原因

Part Ⅰ

Writing

One Way to Solve the Problem

To deal with the air pollution caused by vehicles in cities is a challenging job. My suggestion is to produce vehicles powered by solar energy.

Compared with mineral fuels such as gasoline, solar energy is inexhaustible in supply. The growth of cities and increase of vehicles call for more supply of energy, but there is a limit to the reserve of mineral fuels. So solar energy with its endless supply is one of our solutions to energy crisis. The second advantage of solar energy is its cleanliness. Traditional vehicles operating on gasoline give of exhaust, causing damage to human health and polluting the air. From the perspective of environmental protection, solar energy is a much better choice. After the new technology becomes economically feasible, the sky over cities will be brighter, and the air will no longer be a threat to our health.

Because of the two benefits of using solar energy as a new fuel, we should spend more money on the research which can make our dream come true.

Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(15 minutes)

Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked E A I, I B 3, I C I and IDa. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.

About Story Reader

Parents dearly hope their children learn to read well. They also hope their children learn to read quickly and easily, so that they’re ready for the demands put on them by school and the world.

Kids want to learn how to read, but they also crave entertainment, whether it’s quiet and passive or dynamic and interactive. The aims of the Story Reader line of electronic books are to entertain children and to introduce them to the process of learning how to read in a gentle and enjoyable way. In this article, we’ll show you how Story Reader works and if it accomplishes that goal.

Story Reader is a compact, roughly 12-inch-by-12-inch plastic case (with a carrying handle ) that opens to reveal an actual book that fits snugly into the Reader itself. Story Reader’s core feature is that it “reads” the book aloud to a child as he follows along. The child turns the pages when prompted by the Story Reader or at his own pace.

Books have both text and illustrations. The electronic book responds to the child’s wishes. The Story Reader speaks the text for the current page. If the child turns back a few pages, the Reader recognizes that page and reads it again. Kids react well to this interactivity because it instills a sense of cuntrol over the story.

There are Three Story Reader Products

The basic Story Reader, introduced in , is as described above and is intended for kids three years of age and older.

Each book has a small companion cartridge that slides into a port on the case and contains the audio encoded into its memory for the story.

The device has a volume control but no on/off switch--a deliberate choice so kids can simply open it up and begin reading. It takes four AAA batteries (or operates on household current with an optional adaptor) and retails for around $20.

Find out more information about the more than 60 titles at the Story Reader website.

Early in , Publications International, Ltd.--Story Reader’s publisher--introduced My First Story Reader, designed for newborns to kids up to age three. As with the original, a narrator reads the story aloud, this time from a 12-page book made from a heavier paperstock that includes sound effects and music to enliven the experience.

My First Story Reader features two play modes, one with narration, the other that asks questions about the images on each page. The child can press any of three buttons to answer basic questions about shapes and colors. The last two pages of each My First Story Reader book features a sing-along rhyming melody. My First Story Reader retails for about $20.

Late in 2006, Publications International introduced a video version of Story Reader called Story Reader Video Plus for kids up to the age of seven. Retailing for about $35, it combines a stand-alone Story Reader with an “Animated Story Mode” that plays through your television and includes a “Learning Game Mode”. The Animated Story Mode works just as it sounds--when you connect it to your television through color-coded cables, the story appears on screen and changes as your child turns the pages. Kids get to the Learning Game Mode by turning to the last page of the book. There, they can choose from five educational games. While it depends on the story, generally there are pattern games, memory games, and platform games. Similar to Nintendo games like Super Mario Brothers, in a platform game the child uses the included controller to guide him through the environment and conquer obstacles.

Story Reader Video Plus isn’t a video game, technically, and Publications International bills the Story Reader line more as electronic books than toys. This reassures many parents, and it’s why Story Reader is sold in bookstores and in the book section of major retailers.

What about the Educational Underpinnings of Story Reader?

Studies show an alarming decline in reading rates among all age groups in America, especially among the young.

Children are bombarded on a daily basis with multiple forms of entertainment that compete with traditional learning.

Kids naturally emulate the adults in their lives, and seeing their parents and other family members enjoy reading is a powerful motivator. Establishing and keeping a Read-At-Home Night helps families spend time together and helps form lifelong reading habits in children.

Here’s how you do it:

· Set aside one night a week in your household and call it “Read-At-Home Hour”--or anything you prefer. Establish a time allotment that works for your family, for example, 30 minutes or an hour.

· Minimize interruptions from the TV, computer, and video games--and turn on the telephone answering machine.

· Choose one book for the entire family to read aloud together, or encourage individual family members to choose their own books to read quietly. Electronic books can work in this context, as well.

· Finally, sit down, relax, and read.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答;8-10题在答题卡1上，

1. The aims of the Story Reader line of electronic books are __

[A] to entertain and teach children

[B] to play with the child

[C] to ease the parents’ burden

[D] to ease the teachers’ burden

2. Story Reader’s key characteristic is that __

[A] it “reads” the book which the child likes

[B] it “reads” the book while the child plays

[C] it “reads” the book while the child follows along

[D] it “reads” the book while the parent works

3. Children __ are suitable users of the basic Story Reader.

[A] up to six months old

[B] up to age one

[C] up to age two

[D] up to age three

4. The basic Story Reader for sale is about __

[A] 12 dollars

[B] 20 dollars

[C] 35 dollars

[D] 60 dollars

5. My First Story Reader is characteristic with

[A] two play modes

[B] three play modes

[C] four play modes

[D] five play modes

6. Story Reader Video Plus is a video version of Story Reader designed for __

[A] newborns to kids up to age three

[B] newborns to kids up to age seven

[C] children up to the age of five

[D] children up to the age of seven

7. How many games can children choose from the Animated Story Mode?

[A] four

[B] five

[C] six

[D] seven

8. If the Story Reader speaks the text for the current page, but the child tums back a few pages, it will __________

9. Late in 2006, we can infer that there were Story Reader products___________.

10. Like Super Mario Brothers, children in a platform game use the included controllers to__________

快速阅读答案

Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)

文章精要

文章向读者介绍了Story Reader(故事小宝贝)及其相关产品的情况。文章最后还指出，美国儿童现阶段的阅读现状尤其需要受到关注，并对家长提出了针对性的建议。

1.A信息明示题。根据题干中的信息词the aims of the Story Reader定位到文章第一个标题的第二段，第二句话中提到Story Reader的目的是娱乐孩子同时告诉他们如何学习阅读，故本题选A。

2.C信息明示题。根据题干中的信息词key characteristic和Story Reader可定位到文章第一个标题的第三段，该段中提到其主要特点是：孩子看着Story Reader展示的书页时，它能够大声为孩子朗读，故本题选C。

3.D信息明示题。根据题干中的信息词the basic Story Reader可定位到文章的第二个标题部分，该部分第一段第一句告知读者，the basic Story Reader适用于3岁及3岁以上的儿童，故本题选D。 4.B信息明示题。根据题干中的信息词the basic Story Reader可知应定位到第二个标题，而在该部分第二段第二句就提到，这种产品定价为20美元，故本题选B。

5.A信息明示题。根据题干中的信息词My First Story Reader和characteristic可定位到文章第二个标题，由该部分第四段第一句可知，My First Story Reader的特色是它有两个播放模式，故本题选A。

6.D信息明示题。根据题干中的信息词Story Reader Video Plus可定位到文章第二个标题，由该部分倒数第三段第一句可知，Story Reader Video Plus适用于7岁及以上儿童，故本题选D。

7.B信息明示题。根据题干中的信息词the Animated Story Mode可定位到文章第二个标题，由该部分倒数第二段第三句可知，the Animated Story Mode有5个教育性的游戏，故本题选B。

8.recognizes that page and reads it again。信息明示题。根据题干中的信息词Story Reader可定位到文章的第一个标题，由该部分的最后一段可知，Story Reader能够识别当前书页的变化，由此可以得出答案。

9.three。信息明示题。根据题干中的信息词Story Reader products可定位到文章的第三个标题，由标题可知产品数目，再往下阅读可知，末是截止时间，由此可以得出答案。

10.guide them through the environment and conquer obstacles。信息明示题。根据题干信息词Super Mario Brothers可定位到文章第二个标题，由该部分倒数第二段可知，儿童可以通过内置控制器来引导自己通过游戏场景并且克服障碍，由此可以得出答案。

Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.

During sleep, the fatigue (疲劳 ) of the body 47 and recuperation (恢复 begins. The tired mind gathers new energy.

Once awake, the memory improves, and annoyance and problems are seen in a better 48 .

Some adults require little sleep; others need eight to ten hours in every twenty-four. __49__ sleep sixteen to eighteen hours daily and, as they grow older, the 50__ gradually diminishes. Young students may need twelve hours; university students may need ten. A worker with a 51 demanding job may also need ten, whereas an executive worker under great pressure may manage on six to eight. Many famous people are reputed to have required little sleep. Napoleon, Thomas Edison and Charles Darwin apparently 52 only four to six hours a night.

Whatever your 53 need, you can be sure that by the age of thirty you will have slept for a total of more than twelve years. By that age you will also have developed a sleep __54 a favorite hour, a favorite bed, a favorite position, and a formula you need to follow in order to rest comfortably.

Investigators have tried to find out how long a person can go without sleep. Several people have reached more than 115 hours, nearly five days, 55 animals kept awake for from five to eight days have died of exhaustion. The __55_ for haman beings is probably about a week.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答，

Section B

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked ~ A ], [ B ], [C] and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.

Passage One

Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.

Americans are a very energetic and mobile people, always on the run, rushing from one appointment to another, from a PTA meeting to a social planning committee. They have very little time to spend preparing elaborate everyday meals to be eaten at leisure. In many homes it is rare for the whole family to sit down at supper together. Clubs and commitments force them to grab a quick meal rather than a sit-down supper.

When they do have the chance to eat at home often the working housewife prefers to prepare meals which can be quickly heated and consumed. It is no wonder, therefore, that America has become a sanctuary for fast food consumption.

This great transformation occurred after World War II when many women began to work full-time jobs and were spending less time at home with their families. Women, however, wanted to function well in the capacity of home-maker, as well as that of career woman but time became a precious commodity which had to be carefully used.

Therefore, it was necessary to make her life easier at home in the preparation of the family dinner. Simultaneously with women entering the job market there was also a shifting of the focus of home entertainment from the radio to the television.Television became the latest fad in the fifties and no one wanted to miss his or her favorite televised program. The place for the evening’s supper shifted from the dining room to the living room.

As the customs changed, so did the culture. The immediate solution for this was the invention of the TV dinner. These were frozen meals which were sectioned off into portions of meat and vegetables. They could easily be popped into an oven and prepared within minutes. The tin trays in which they were served were conveniently carried into the living room and dinner was consamed in front of a TV set. Cleaning up afterwards was no problem. The tin trays were easily tossed into the garbage.

From fast dinners at home the next step was quick eating while on the road. At this time also the love for TV was combined with the fascination for the automobile. It is not odd that with the development of the superhighways America saw the beginning of fast food chains. McDonald’s paved the way with its variety of burgers and shakes soon to be followed by all kinds of other foods. Today dozens of fast-food chain franchises can be found along highways, in modem shopping malls and scattered throughout neighborhoods in America. Taco Bell, Pizza Hut, Roy Roger’s, Burger King and Wendy’s are just a few of the fast-food chains which are now part of American culture. They offer chicken, donuts, tacos and pizza, all quickly produced in great quantities for the masses. These establishments have given shape to the modern lifestyles and diet of the American people.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答，

57. Why Americans cannot eat elaborately prepared meals at leisure?

[A] Because they don’t like cooking themselves,

[B] Because there are more choices in the restaurants.

[C] Because they have many things to do.

[D] Because they can do nothing at leisure.

58. Americans have been the consumers of fast food since

[A] many women began to work full-time jobs

[B] the invention of fast food

[C] few women would like to be homemakers any more

[D] the great reform after World War II

59. Americans began to have supper in the living rooms because of

[A] the attraction of the radio

[B] their preference in fast food

[C] the shift of home focus

[D] the attraction of the television

60. The fast food chains began to flourish with __

[A] the development of the shopping malls

[B] the development of the superhighways

[C] the beginning of fast food chain franchises

[D] the change of Americans’ lifestyles

61. The main topic of the passage is __

[A] the beginning of fast food chains

[B] the changes of Americans’ eating customs

[C] the transformation of lifestyles

[D] the dieting of the American people

Passage Two

Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.

Car crashes are the leading cause of injury and death among U.S. children, and though most of us now think of car seats as standard baby equipment, about half of all children under the age of four who died in vehicle accidents last year were not restrained. It is calculated that only about two-thirds of children aged five to fifteen buckle their seat belts.

Moreover, the traffic-safety agency estimates that even among parents who always strap their children in, 85% are not doing it properly. They often don’t know where best to place the kids, don’t use the proper restraint for their age and weight, or don’t install the safety seats properly. Despite the reports about front seats collapsing onto back seats when certain car models get in accidents, the safest place in the car for any child up to the age of 12 is still the back seat. Babies up to 9 kg and one year old should ride in rear-facing infant seats.

Never place a child under age 12 in the front seat with a working passenger-side air bag. These devices are discharged at 320 km/h and can be triggered by low-speed fender benders. They have killed 77 kids in the U.S. since 1993. If you must place a child in front, make sure the passenger-side bag is switched off.

Children over age one should ride in forward-facing safety seats with a five-point harness system. A child who weighs at least 18 kg or at least lm high can graduate to a booster seat that elevates her so that the standard shoulder and lap belt fits properly.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

62. What does the author mainly discuss in this passage?

[A] How to avoid car crash.

[B] How to design safer baby equipment.

[C] How to educate children properly.

[D] How to properly secure children in the ear. 63. Which of the following is NOT among the “improper ways” mentioned in the passage?

[A] They don’t know where best to place the child.

[B] They don’t have the safety equipment for the child.

[C] They don’t use the proper restraint for the kid’s age and weight.

[D] They don’t install the safety seats properly.

64. Which of the following is the best seat for the children under 12?

[A] Forward-facing seats.

[B] Rear-facing seats.

[C] Front seats.

[D] Back seats.

65. The author indicates that a passenger-side air bag __

[A] might not be dangerous if switched off

[B] is designed for the safety of children

[C] is discharged at 320 km/h and will not triggered by other factors

[D] is not working ifa child sits in the seat

66. What does the word “graduate” (Line 2, Para. 4) mean?

[A] Finish schooling.

[B] Change to something else.

[C] Collapse.

[D] Stand.

Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension(Reading in Depth)

Section A

文章精要

睡眠能使人消除疲劳、恢复精力。本文主要介绍不同年龄阶段的人和不同工种的人的睡眠时间，并谈到了人保持清醒的极限时间。

47.A答题时，看见and引导的两个并列句，可知动词时态需一致，且主语为第三人称单数，在备选项中找动词单数形式即可。把选中的A带入原文，意为“睡眠能使人消除疲劳”，符合常识，故选A。

48.C结合句意“一旦醒来，记忆力得到改善，然后就能以更好的_______来看待烦恼和问题”，名词中只有(观点，角度)最符合文意。

49.D所选词需首字母大写，在D、L中选择。上文提到成人每天所需的睡眠时间为8～10小时左右，由此可推断每天睡眠16～18个小时的应该是未成年人，D符合文意。

50.B结合常识可知，随着年龄的增长，婴儿睡眠的时间(量)逐渐减少，故选项中B(数量)符合文意。

51.G空格所在句主要提到A worker with a ______demanding job和an executive worker(行政工人)在睡眠时间上的对比，由此可推知前者应指体力劳动者，故G(身体上地)最符合文意。

52，I此句差谓语，所以空格处应为动词，且主语都是过世的人，时态用过去式，故选I。意为“显而易见的是拿破仑、爱迪生和达尔文平均每晚只睡4-6个小时”。

53.H空格处需填一形容词，在H、D之间选择。上文先列举了各类人包括名人的睡眠时间，按照逻辑，这里是说无论你的个人需求跟以上谈到的有何不同，故H符合文意。

54.E结合句意“到那个年纪你也会养成一个睡眠_______：最佳的入眠时间、最喜欢的床、最喜欢的睡姿…”可知，E(习惯，惯例)最符合文意。

55.K分析空格所在句，前半部分和后半部分形成对比关系，且此处应填入连词，选项中只有K符合。

56.F上文提到有关人能坚持多久不睡的调查，由此可推测空格所在句指的是人不睡眠的极限时间，故F符合文意。

Section B

Passage One

文章精要

文章指出，现在美国人很少能全家人坐在一起慢慢地共享晚餐，取而代之的是食用便于加工的半成品食物以及各式快餐。热衷于各类活动，习惯开车，原本是家庭主妇的女性外出工作，这些都是美国人就餐习惯改变的'原因。

57.C综合推断题。文章首段指出，美国人精力充沛，总是四处奔忙，赶着赴一个又一个约会，赶着参加各种活动。他们没有时间精心准备饭菜，也没时间悠闲地吃饭，许多家庭很少坐在一起吃晚饭。为了参加俱乐部和社团活动，他们常胡乱地吃口饭，由此推断，美国人有许多事要做，因此无法悠闲地吃精心准备的饭菜，故选C。

58.A综合推断题。文章第二段指出，美国成为快餐的消费大国;第三段指出，巨大的转变是在“二战”后发生的，当时许多女性开始做全职工作，在家与家人共处的时间减少了，她们想在做好家庭主妇的同时尽好职业女性的本分，因此要合理地利用时间，由此推断，自从大量女性开始做全职工作，原本的主妇不再有时间做饭，所以美国人经常食用快餐，故选A。

59.D综合推断题。文章第四段指出，在女性开始工作的同时，家庭娱乐的重心由收音机转向了电视，没人愿意错过自己喜爱的电视节目，因此吃晚餐的地点由饭厅转换到了起居室，由此推断，美国人开始在起居室吃饭是由于电视的吸引，故选D。

60.B信息明示题。文章最后一段第三句指出，随着高速公路的发展，美国出现了快餐连锁店，由此可知，快餐连锁店的繁荣发展是伴随着高速公路的发展而进行的，故选B。

61.B主旨题。文章首段指出，美国人现在四处奔忙，很少有时间悠闲地享用家里做的饭菜;第二段提到，他们在家通常吃方便食品;第三段指出，美国人饮食习惯的转变是由于“二战”后女性开始做全职工作;第四、五段指出，随着电视的流行，又出现了适合边看电视边吃的速冻快餐;最后一段指出，随着高速公路的发展，快餐连锁店开始繁荣起来。综合可知，文章的主题是美国人饮食习惯的转变，故选B。

Passage Two

文章精要

在美国，造成儿童车祸死亡的一大原因是他们没有受到适当的保护。文章论述了应该如何根据儿童的年龄、体重、身高等正确使用安全座椅或安全带以保护他们在车里的安全。

62.D主旨题。文章指出，造成儿童车祸死亡的一大原因是他们没有受到适当的保护，文章还介绍了如何根据儿童的年龄、体重、身高等正确使用安全座椅或安全带以保护他们在车中的安全，所以D正确。 63.B信息明示题。文章第二段第二句指出，家长通常不知道让孩子坐哪里最好，或是他们没有用适合孩子的安全带，或是安全座椅安装得不正确，即A、C、D都是不恰当的行为，但并没有提及B项，故选B。

64.D信息明示题。文章第二段最后指出，the safest place in the car for any child up to the age of 12 is still the back seat，即12岁以下的孩子应该坐车后座，所以D正确。

65.A综合推断题。文章第三段最后一句指出，如果你不得不让孩子坐车前座，你就必须关掉前座旁的安全气囊，由此推断，关掉后的安全气囊对孩子应该没有危险，所以A正确。

66.B语义题。文章最后一段指出，“体重超过18公斤或高于1米的孩子可以_______儿童增高座椅。”选项中A意为“毕业”，B意为“改换”，C意为“倒塌”，D意为“站立”，只有B符合句意，为答案。

Part V Cloze (15 minutes )

Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked [ A ], I B 1, [ C 1 and I D ] on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

As the pace of life continues to increase, we are fast losing the art of relaxation. Once you are in the 67 of rushing through life, being on the go from morning till night, it is hard to 68 down. But relaxation is essential for a 69 mind and body.

Stress is natural part of everyday life and there is no way to 70 it. In fact, it is not the bad thing it is often 71 to be. A certain amount of stress is vital to provide 72 and give purpose to life. It is only 73 the stress gets out of control that it can lead to 74 performance and ill health.

The amount of stress arsons can withstand depends very much 75 the individual. Some people are not afraid of stress, and 76 characters are obviously prime material for managerial responsibilities. Others lose 77 at the first signs of unusual difficulties. When 78 to stress, in whatever form, we react both chemically and 79 .

In fact we make choice between “flight and fight” and in more primitive days the choices made the difference __8_0_life and death. The crises we meet today are ~8_1__ to be so extreme, but however little the stress, it 82 the same response. It is when such a reaction lasts long, through continued 83 to stress, that health becomes 84 Such serious conditions as high blood pressure and heart diseases have 85 links with stress. Since we cannot 86 stress from our lives (it would be unwise to do so even if we could), we need to find ways to deal with it.

67. [A] routine [B] habit [C] principle [D] rule

68. [A] slow [B] count [C] hold [D] knock

69. [A] basic [B] wealthy [C] healthy [D] potential

70. [A] avoid [B] manifest [C] surpass [D] pursue

71. [A] suspected [B] surrendered [C] suspended [D] supposed

72. [A] consideration [B] confidence [C] motivation [D] inspiration

73. [A] when [B] which [C] why [D] what

74. [A] prevalent [B] poor [C] primary [D] productive

75. [A] to [B] at [C] in [D] on

76. [A] such [B] as [C] so [D] thus

77. [A] eyesight [B] heart [C] direction [D] interest

78. [A] promised [B] encouraged [CJexposed [D] propelled

79. [A] biochemically [B] physically [C] spiritually [D] materially

80. [A} between [B] among [C] alike [D] into

81. [A] unalike [B] unaware [C] unlikely [D] unknown

82. [A] concludes [B] excludes [C] dissolves [D] involves

83. [A] explosion [B] exposure [C] extension [D] expansion

84. [A] endangered [B] inspired [C] harmful [D] frustrated

85. [A] established [B] created [C] constructed [D] built

86. [A] isolate [B] apart [C] refrain [D] remove

Part Ⅴ Cloze

文章精要

文章指出，随着生活节奏的不断加快，人们越来越失去放松的快感。压力是生活中自然的一部分，而且无法避免。一定的压力会提供动机并赋予生命意义，但压力过度会对身体造成不良的影响。既然我们不能消灭压力，那么我们就需要找到一些减压的方法。

67.B词义辨析题。空格所在句意为：一旦你处于这种忙于生活奔波、早晚马不停蹄的______中……。habit符合句意，所以B正确。routine意为“例行公事，常规”;principle意为“原则;原理”。

68.A词义辨析题。文章首句就指出，现在的生活节奏不断加快，空格后是down，由此可知，空格所在句意是：……很难慢下来。所以A正确。

69.C词义辨析题。空格所在句意为：但是放松对于_______的精神和身体是基本的。healthy符合句意，所以C正确。potential意为“潜在的;可能的”。

70.A词义辨析题。空格所在句意为：压力是每天生活中很自然的一部分，并且无法去______它。avoid符合句意，所以A正确。manifest意为“表明;出现”;surpass意为“超越，胜过”;pursue意为“追赶;从事”。71.D惯用搭配题。空格所在句意为：事实上，这并不像它经常_________的那样是个坏事。be supposed to do表示“应该，被期望”，符合句意，所以D正确。suspect意为“猜想;怀疑”;surrender意为“投降;放弃”; suspend意为“悬挂;延缓”。

72.C词义辨析题。空格后的and说明provide_______和give purpose to life相并列。再看选项，能与“赋予生命意义”相并列的只有“提供动机”，所以C正确。

73.A逻辑衔接题。空格所在句意为：只有在压力失控_______，才能导致……when符合句意，所以A正确。

74.B，词义辨析题。由and可以看出_______performance和ill health并列，poor符合句意，所以B正确。 prevalent意为“普遍的，流行的”;primary意为“主要的;初级的”。

75.D惯用搭配题。选项中能与depend搭配的只有on，表示“依赖;取决于”，所以D正确。

76.A词义辨析题。空格所在句意为：一些人不害怕压力，而且________性格很显然是管理责任的主要因素。由and可知，空格后的“性格”就是指前面“不害怕压力的性格”，所以such符合句意，A正确。

77.B词义辨析题。空格所在句意为：其他人刚遇到不常见的困难就失去_________。heart符合句意，lose heart意思是“失去勇气”，所以B正确。eyesight意为“视力”。

78.C词义辨析题。空格所在句意为：当_____不管是什么样的压力时，我们……exposed符合句意，所以C正确。be exposed to意思是“遭受，暴露于……”。propel意为“推进，驱使”。

79.B词义辨析题。由空格前的both…and…可知，空格和chemically是并列关系，physically符合句意，所以B正确。

80.A惯用搭配题。由句意可知，空格处表示在生和死之间做出选择，between表示“在……之间”，用于两者之间;among表示“在……之中”，用于三者或以上的情况，所以A正确。

81.C逻辑衔接题。空格所在句意为：我们今天遇到的危机________会这么极端，但是……。选项中都有否定前缀un-，由此可知，空格处表示否定，只有unlikely符合句意，所以C正确。

82.D词义辨析题。空格所在句意为：……但是，不管压力多么小，它都_______同样的反应。四个选项A“结论”、B“排除”、C“解散”、D“包括”，只有involves符合句意，所以D正确。

83.B词义辨析题。空格所在句意为：……通过对压力的不断，四个选项：A“爆炸”、B“暴露”、C“延长”、D“扩展”，只有exposure符合句意，所以B正确。

84.A词义辨析题。由前面提到的“持续暴露在压力之下”可知，这肯定会使健康受到威胁，所以endangered符合句意，A正确。inspired意为“有灵感的”;frustrated意为“失败的，落空的”。

85.A词义辨析题。空格所在句意为：这些像高血压、心脏病等危险的情况都和压力有________的联系。由此可知，空格处应该是建立起联系。create指创造;construct指通过装配或组合部件而构成;build指通过组合材料或部分而形成;establish符合句意，所以A正确。

86.D词义辨析题。空格所在句意为：既然我们不能把压力从我们生活中(即使我们能，这样做也很不明智)，我们需要找出处理它的方法。四个选项分别为：A“隔离”、B“分开的”、C“制止”、D“除去”，只有remove符合句意，所以D正确。

Part VI Translation (5 minutes)

Directions: Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.

注意：此部分试题在答题卡2上;请在答题卡2上作答。

Part VI Translation (5 minutes)

87.But for the assistance from the government，__________________ (这家公司可能已经在经济危机中倒闭了).

88.The team seemsto__________________ (失去了竞争优势)recently because of the injury of its leading player.

89.He speaks English well indeed，but__________________ (当然没有像本国人说的那么流利).

90.__________________ (我本该昨天离开北京)，but I didn’t because of somethingemergency.

91.That is__________________(我所读过的最有趣的书之一).

Part Ⅵ Translation

87.the company would have gone bankrupt during the economic crisis

本题考查虚拟语气的用法。But for意为“要不是……”，与虚拟语气连用，作用等同于条件状语从句，当表示与过去事实相反时，从句中要用had+过去分词结构，主句中则用would/should/could/might+have+过去分词，本句是与过去事实相反的假设，“倒闭”可译成go bankrupt，“经济危机”可译成economic crisis，由此得到答案the company would have gone bankrupt during the economic crisis。

88.have lost its competitive advantage/edge

本题考查动词不定式的完成时用法。句中的时间状语recently说明动作已经完成，因此要用完成时。“竞争优势”可译成competitive advantage或者competitive edge，故可得答案have lost its competitive advantage/edge。

89.of course not as fluently as a native speaker

考查省略句和as…as结构的用法。“当然”可译成of course，“和……一样”可译成as…as，“流利”是副词，可译成fluently，“本国人”可译成a native speaker，所以“当然没有像本国人说的那么流利”即可译成of course he does not speak English as fluently as a native speaker does，英语句中，如果句子前后有一致的主语和谓语，为了避免重复，通常会省掉重复的部分，由此得到答案。 90.I should have left Beijing yesterday 表示“本应……，但实际上却没有”可译为should have done的结构。

91.one of the most interesting books that I have read “最有趣的书之一”可译作0ne of the most interesting books，“我所读过的”可译作后置的定语从句，注意由于先行词前有最高级修饰，所以关系代词只能用that而不能用which。