“夏目友人帳”通过精心收集，向本站投稿了9篇公共英语一级考前复习试题及答案，这次小编在这里给大家整理后的公共英语一级考前复习试题及答案，供大家阅读参考。
篇1：公共英语一级考前复习试题及答案
练习
We've all had (Example:_0) work and do things that we di.d not enjoy. Usually, some people would tell us to be enthusiastic(热情的). “You'll have more fun,” they woUld
say. Well, they were partly 47. Being enthusiastic about something means being 48 about a given job.
49 , most men are not born great--they become greatl similarly, not everyone is the ent-thusiastic type that 50 in love with his work. But, do not lose 51 . There are ways to be-come more enthusiastic.
One good way is by reading about successful(成功的) people. It will help you realize(认识到) that you too can make it 52 . By reading about those real stories you will understand 53
people much like yourself have become successful. In 54 cases, they all have the same thing:enthusiasm.
If you want to be successful, you 55 be excited ――bout your work and your life.
O.A.to B.at C./
46. A. much
B. more
C. less
47. [A ] right
B. wrong
C. interesting
48. A. excite
B. exciting
C. excited
49. A. Even
B. However
C. So
50. A. falls
B. fall
C. falling
51. A . hearts
B .heart
C. your heart
52. A. happen
B. happens
C. to happen
53. A.it
B. them
C.that
54. A. that
B. any
C. most
55. A can
B. should
C. need
参考译文
我们都得去工作，去做一些我们并不喜欢的事情。通常，一些人都会告诉我们要热情些。他们会说“你会得到更多乐趣的。”是的。他们的话有一定的道理。对某件事情充满热情，意味着对特定工作感到兴奋。
然而，大多数人并不是天生优秀的，他们是逐渐变得优秀的。同样，并不是每个人都属于那种热爱工作的热情型。但是，不要灰心，总会有办法让你变得满怀激情的。
激发热情的一个好方法，就是阅读有关成功者的书籍。这会使你认识到你也可以使自己获得成功。通过阅读真实的成功事例，你会了解到与你相差无几的人也会成功。在大多数情况下，他们有着共同的特点：热情。如果你想获得成功的话，你应该对你的工作和生活满怀热情。
答案及解析
46.【答案】B
【考点】比较级的用法
【解析】原文的意思应该是变得更热情些，所以要用enthusiastic的比较级。
47.【答案】A
【考点】形容词
【解析】根据上下文语义可知，他们的话是有一定的道理的，所以选答案“right”。
48.【答案】C
【考点】形容词的用法
【解析】此处应用形容词作表语，excitin9意为“(物)令人兴奋的”，excited意为“(人)感到兴奋的”。
49.【答案】B
【考点】上下文逻辑关系
【解析】上下文表达的语义是转折关系，所以在这里要用表示转折关联词。
50.【答案】A
【考点】定语从句
【解析】这是一个定语从句，前面主语是单数形式，谓语动词也要与保持一致。fall in love with爱上，对…倾心。
51.【答案】B
【考点】固定搭配
【解析】lose heart灰心;lose one’S heart t0爱上…
52.【答案】A
【考点】固定搭配.
【解析】make后面要用动词原形作其宾语补足语，make sb.do sth.
53.【答案】C
【考点】宾语从句
【解析】空格所在的句子不缺少任何句子成分，故需要用宾语从一连接词that。
54.【答案】c
【考点】固定搭配
【解析】in most cases大多数情况下;in any case无论如何;in that假如那样的话。
55.【答案】B
【考点】情态动词
【解析】根据上下文，这里表达的意思不是“能够”的意思.need 的是need to do sth.或need doing sth.，只有should符合要求。
1.公共英语一级考前复习试题
2.公共英语三级作文试题及答案
3.公共英语一级阅读理解模拟试题
4.公共英语三级阅读理解试题及答案
5.公共英语三级模拟试题及答案
6.中考英语备考复习试题及答案
7.20中考英语复习测试题附答案
8.公共英语试题短文信息
9.公共英语PETS一级完形填空练习题
10.山东中考英语考前检测试题及答案
篇2：公共英语一级阅读理解测试试题及答案
测试试题一：
【Meditation in Indonesian Business】
It looked like a typical business meeting.Six men, neatly dressed in white shirts and ties filed into the boardroom of a small Jakarta company and sat down at a long table.But instead of consulting files or hearing reports, they closed their eyes and began to meditate, consulting the spirits of ancient Javanese kings.Mysticism touches almost every aspect of life in Indonesia and business is no exception.One of the meditators said his weekly meditation sessions are aimed mainly at bringing the peace of mind that makes for good decision-making.But the insight gained from mystic communication with spirits of wise kings has also helped boost the profits of his five companies.
Mysticism and profits have come together since the 13th century introduction of Islam to Indonesia by Indian Moslem merchants.Those devout traders, called ‘Wali Ullah’ or ‘those close to God, ’ energetically spread both trade and religion by adapting their appeals to the native mysticism of Java.Legends attribute magic power of foreknowledge to the Wali Ullah.These powers were believed to be gained through meditation and fasting.
Businessman Hadisiko said his group fasts and meditates all night every Thursday to become closer to God and to contact the spirits of the great men of the past.‘If we want to employ someone at the managerial level, we meditate together and often the message comes that this man can’t hole onto money or he is untrustworthy.Or maybe the spirits will tell us he should be hired.’ Hadiziko hastened to add that his companies also hold modern personnel management systems and that formal qualifications are essential for a candidate even to be considered.Perspective investments also are considered through mystic meditation.‘With the mind relaxed and open, it is easier to be objective in judging the risk of a new venture.Meditation and contact with the wisdom of the old leaders sharpens your own insight and intuition.Then you have to apply that intuition to the information you have and work hard to be successful.’ Mystic meditation helped reverse a business slide his companies experienced in the mid-1980.Operating with normal business procedures, he lost more than $ 3 millions in that year alone.Meditation brought back his peace of mind.Putting the right persons in the right jobs and gaining confidence in his business decisions were the keys to a turning around that has brought expansion and profitability.The mysticism in Handspike’s boardroom is part of a growing movement in Indonesia called Kebatinan - the ‘search for the inner self.’
One of his managers, Yusuf Soemado, who studied business administration at Harvard University, compared the idea of mystic management to western system of positive thinking.‘Willpower and subconscious mind are recognized as important factors in business.Such approaches as psycho-cybernetics, Carnegie’s think and growth rates, or the power of positive thinking are western attempts to tap the same higher intelligence that we contact through meditation,’ he said.
1.What is the most important factor in their doing business?
[A] Mysticism.
[B] Religion.
[C] Meditation.
[D] Investment.
2.Whom do they consult?
[A] The spirits of ancient Javanese kings.
[B] Wali Ullah.
[C] Old Kings.
[D] Carnegie.
3.Why did Hadisike hasten to add ‘his companies also hold modern personnel management systems…’?
[A] He thought Mysticism was not so good as expected.
[B] To show they too focused on qualifications.
[C] To show they hired qualified persons.
[D] To show the possibility of combination of the scientific management with religion.
4.According to the passage, the function of the meditation is
[A] to gain profit from the god.
[B] to gain peace of mind to make decision.
[C] to gain foreknowledge.
[D] to gain objective conclusion.
5.What does ‘operating with normal business procedures’ refer to?
[A] Adopting the western way of doing business.
[B] Ordinary way of doing business without meditation and fasting.
[C] Contact with God.
[D] Putting right persons in the right jobs.
Vocabulary
1.file into 鱼贯而入，排队进去
2.Jakarta 雅加达
3.meditate 沉思，冥想，反省
4.Java 爪哇
5.Javanese 爪哇的
6.mysticism 神秘主义
7.boost 促进，增加，提高
8.devout 虔诚的，热诚的
9.appeal (to) 向……呼吁，求助于，魅力
10.legend 传说，神话
11.fasting 禁食，斋戒
12.hold onto 抓紧，保住
13.personnel management system 人事管理制度
14.perspective investment 远景投资
15.venture (商业)投机，风险
16.sharpen 使……敏锐/尖锐，磨尖
17.business slide 买卖/企业滑坡，下滑
18.turn around (生意)好转，转变
19.subconscious 下意识的，潜意识的
20.cybernetics 控制论
21.Carnegie 卡耐基
22.tap 开拓，选择
难句译注
1.Mysticism touches almost every aspect of life in Indonesia and business is no exception.
「参考译文」在印尼神秘主义似乎涉及到印尼生活的各个方面，商业也不例外。
2.Those devout traders， called ‘Wali Ullah’ or ‘those close to God， ’ energetically spread both trade and religion by adapting their appeals to the native mysticism of Java.
「参考译文」这些虔诚的商人，叫做Wali Ullah，或者“接近主的人”，把他们的祈求呼吁跟爪哇当地的神秘主义相结合。他们通过这一途径积极热情地拓展商业买卖和宗教信仰。
3.Putting the right persons in the right jobs and gaining confidence in his business decisions were the keys to a turning around that has brought expansion and profitability.
「参考译文」恰当的工作岗位使用合适的人选，对企业决策具有信心使形式好转的关键。它给你带来拓展和利润。(或任人唯贤，指挥若定使扭亏增盈，大展宏图的关键。)
4.Search for the inner self.
「参考译文」探索内心的自我。
5.Such approaches as psychocybernetics， Carnegies think and growth rates， or the power of positive thinking are western attempts to tap the same higher intelligence that we contact through meditation.
「参考译文」类似心理控制论、卡耐基思想、增长率、或者积极思考能力等观点是西方开拓高智能的办法，而我们是通过沉思冥想来和高智能联系的。
写作方法与文章大意
这是一篇新闻报导，讲述印度尼西亚商人如何经营公司。主要采用一般到具体写作手法。一开始就点明他们以独特的方式DD不看文件，不听汇报，而是闭上眼睛沉思，向古代帝王的精灵请示来经营。这种神秘主义几乎涉及印尼生活的各个领域，商业也不例外。后面每段都围绕这一主题而写。第二段写来源。第三段，应用于商业方面的具体例子，第四段，和西方管理方法对比。
答案详解
1.C 沉思。这在第一断已有说明。
A.神秘主义。是个总的概念，笼罩生活各方面。而不是具体的做法和重要因素。
B.宗教。
D.投资。
2.A 爪哇古代帝王之精灵。答案在第一段。
B.Wali Ullah是指印度商人。这些虔诚的商人叫做Wali Ullah或者成为接近主的人。传说神话也把先知的力量归功于Wali Ullah.
C.老帝王。
D.卡耐基，1835-1919是生于苏格兰的美国钢铁工业家和慈善家。他有一套管理企业的办法，称为卡耐基思想(管理法)。
3.B 他们也重视资历、才能。这在第三段中第二行起，商人 Hadisiko讲话清楚说明“如果我们要雇佣管理人员，我们就一起沉思，常常会有这种信息来临：这个人不能管理钱财或者他不可靠。也可能神灵告诉我们应当雇佣他。接着他匆忙补充说他的公司也采用现代人事管理系统，即要考虑雇佣的人员最根本的条件仍是正式资历“。
A.他认为神秘主义不像想象中那么好。
C.表明他们雇佣人才。上下文说明，他所以补充是说明他们也重视资格。
D.表明科学管理和宗教结合的可能性。Hadisike语中没有这种意思。但不能说他们雇佣人才不管宗教。
4.B 得到冷静头脑来决策。这在第三段后半部分讲到。“远景的投资也是通过神秘的沉思加以考虑。有着放松和开放的头脑，易于客观地判断新投资的风险。和过去领袖的接触会是你的洞察力和感官变得敏锐。”第一段第五行“其中一位沉思者说每星期的沉思会主要目标是带来一个平静的头脑，作出好决策。”
A.从上帝那里得到利润。
C.取得先知。不对，先知的能力归于Wali Ullah.
D.得到客观的结论。文内只提到，头脑放松容易客观地判断投资风险与否，并不是客观的结论。
5.B 没有沉思和斋戒的常规作生意。见第三段中，神秘的沉思帮助扭转公司生意滑坡而正常买卖步骤，这一年就损失了300万美元。这两句对比的话说明B项内容。
A.采用西方买卖方式(交易方式)。文内没有点明正常就是西方方式。
C.和上帝接触。
D.知人善任。
测试试题二：
【The only way to travel is on foot】
The past ages of man have all been carefully labeled by anthropologists. Descriptions like ‘ Palaeolithic Man’, ‘Neolithic Man’, etc., neatly sum up whole periods. When the time comes for anthropologists to turn their attention to the twentieth century, they will surely choose the label ‘Legless Man’. Histories of the time will go something like this: ‘in the twentieth century, people forgot how to use their legs. Men and women moved about in cars, buses and trains from a very early age. There were lifts and escalators in all large buildings to prevent people from walking. This situation was forced upon earth dwellers of that time because of miles each day. But the surprising thing is that they didn’t use their legs even when they went on holiday. They built cable railways, ski-lifts and roads to the top of every huge mountain. All the beauty spots on earth were marred by the presence of large car parks.
The future history books might also record that we were deprived of the use of our eyes. In our hurry to get from one place to another, we failed to see anything on the way. Air travel gives you a bird’s-eye view of the world - or even less if the wing of the aircraft happens to get in your way. When you travel by car or train a blurred image of the countryside constantly smears the windows. Car drivers, in particular, are forever obsessed with the urge to go on and on: they never want to stop. Is it the lure of the great motorways, or what? And as for sea travel, it hardly deserves mention. It is perfectly summed up in the words of the old song: ‘I joined the navy to see the world, and what did I see? I saw the sea.’ The typical twentieth-century traveler is the man who always says ‘I’ve been there. ’ You mention the remotest, most evocative place-names in the world like El Dorado, Kabul, Irkutsk and someone is bound to say ‘I’ve been there’ - meaning, ‘I drove through it at 100 miles an hour on the way to somewhere else. ’
When you travel at high speeds, the present means nothing: you live mainly in the future because you spend most of your time looking forward to arriving at some other place. But actual arrival, when it is achieved, is meaningless. You want to move on again. By traveling like this, you suspend all experience; the present ceases to be a reality: you might just as well be dead. The traveler on foot, on the other hand, lives constantly in the present. For him traveling and arriving are one and the same thing: he arrives somewhere with every step he makes. He experiences the present moment with his eyes, his ears and the whole of his body. At the end of his journey he feels a delicious physical weariness. He knows that sound. Satisfying sleep will be his: the just reward of all true travellers.
1、Anthorpologists label nowaday’s men ‘Legless’ because
A people forget how to use his legs.
B people prefer cars, buses and trains.
C lifts and escalators prevent people from walking.
D there are a lot of transportation devices.
2、Travelling at high speed means
A people’s focus on the future.
B a pleasure.
C satisfying drivers’ great thrill.
D a necessity of life.
3、Why does the author say ‘we are deprived of the use of our eyes’ ?
A People won’t use their eyes.
B In traveling at high speed, eyes become useless.
C People can’t see anything on his way of travel.
D People want to sleep during travelling.
4、What is the purpose of the author in writing this passage?
A Legs become weaker.
B Modern means of transportation make the world a small place.
C There is no need to use eyes.
D The best way to travel is on foot.
5. What does ‘a bird’s-eye view’ mean?
A See view with bird’s eyes.
B A bird looks at a beautiful view.
C It is a general view from a high position looking down.
D A scenic place.
VOCABULARY
1.Palaeolithic 旧石器时代的
2.Neolithic 新石器时代的
3.escalator 自动电梯，自动扶梯
4.ski-lift 载送滑雪者上坡的装置
5.mar 损坏，毁坏
6.blur 模糊不清，朦胧
7.smear 涂，弄脏，弄模糊(尤指画面、轮廓等)
8.evocative 引起回忆的，唤起感情的
9.El Dorado (由当时西班牙征服者想象中的南美洲)黄金国，宝山，富庶之乡
10.Kabul 喀布尔(阿富汗首都)
11.Irkutsk 伊尔库茨克(原苏联亚洲城市)
难句译注与答案详解
The only way to travel is on foot 旅游的唯一方法是走路
难句译注
1. Air travel gives you a bird’s-eye view of the world C or even if the wing of the aircraft happens to get in your way.
【参考译文】飞机旅行，你只可俯视世界DD如果机翼碰巧挡住了你的视线，就看得更少了。
2.When you travel by car or train a blurred image of the country-side constantly smears the windows.
【参考译文】如果乘车或火车旅行，郊外模糊朦胧的景象不断地掠过窗口。
写作方法与文章大意
文章以因果写作方法，写出了由于种种现代化交通设施、人们不需用脚走路，甚至也不需要用眼看景，出门就坐汽车、公交车、地铁、飞机……，车、机速度飞快，外边的景物难以看清，最终导致人们忘记用脚、用眼成为“无脚之人”。一切都经历不到。作者建议最佳的旅游方法是徒步DD经历现实。
答案详解
1.A 人们忘了用脚。答案在第一段：人类学家把以往年代的人们分别标上旧石器时代、新石器时代人，等等。干脆利落地总结了一个时期。当他们转向20世纪，他们肯定会标上“无脚的人”。因为在20世纪，人们忘了如何用脚走路。男人女人早年外出就坐车、公共汽车、火车。大楼里由电梯、自动扶梯，不需要人们走路。即使度假期间，他们也不用脚。他们筑有缆车道、滑雪载车和路直通山顶。所有的风景旅游区都有大型的汽车停车场。
B．人们喜欢汽车、公交车、火车等。
C．电梯、自动扶梯制止人们走路。
D．有许多交通运输工具。
2.A 人们的注意力在未来。见最后一段第一句话：当你高速旅行，现在等于零，你主要生活在未来，因为你大部分时间盯在前面到达的某个地方。真到了，又没有意义了，你还要再向前进。
B．是一种欢乐。
C．满足司机强烈的渴望。第二段中提及死机醉心于开车、不停车但不是快速前进着眼于未来。
D．生活的需要。这一条在第一段中提及这种情况是因为他们那异常的生活方法强加给时代的居民。这是指不用脚走路，而用一切代步器DD交通运输工具，不是开快车。
3.C 人们在旅行途中什么都见不到。答案在第二段，由一地转向另一地，路上你什么都没有见到。乘飞机你只能俯视世界，火车，汽车，只见外界朦胧景象掠过窗子。海上旅游，只见到海。“我到过那里”此话含义就是“我以一小时一百英里在去某某地方时经过那里”。正因为如此，作者指出将来的历史书上会记录下：我们被剥夺了眼睛的应用。
A．人们不愿用眼睛。
B．在高速旅行中，眼睛没有用了。
D．旅行中，人们想睡觉。
4.D 旅行的最佳方式是走路。文章第一段、第二段分别讲述了旅行可不用脚、不用眼等情况。第三段，在讲述了人们只知向前向前，一切经历都停滞，现实不再是现实，还不如死的好。而用脚走路的旅行者总是生活再现实，对他来说旅行和到达是一回事，他一步一步走到某地，他用眼睛、耳朵，以至整个身体去体验现在时刻、旅行终点，他感到全身舒坦愉悦的疲劳，美美享受满足的酣睡;一切真正旅行者的真实报偿。这一段就是作者写文章的目的DD走路是旅行的最佳方式。
A．脚变得软弱无力。
B．现代交通工具把世界变小。
C．没有必要用眼睛。
5.C 从高出向下看的景致：俯视。
A．用鸟的眼睛看景点。
B．鸟在看美景。
D．风景点。
1.公共英语一级阅读理解考试题及答案
2.公共英语一级阅读理解考试题（附答案）
3.公共英语一级阅读理解模拟试题及答案
4.公共英语一级阅读理解考试试题及答案
5.公共英语一级阅读理解考试试题（附答案）
6.公共英语一级阅读理解模拟试题
7.公共英语三级阅读理解试题及答案
8.公共英语一级考前复习试题及答案
9.公共英语三级作文试题及答案
10.初二英语试题 Experiences测试题及答案
篇3：公共英语一级阅读理备考试题及答案
备考试题一：
【Meditation in Indonesian Business】
It looked like a typical business meeting.Six men, neatly dressed in white shirts and ties filed into the boardroom of a small Jakarta company and sat down at a long table.But instead of consulting files or hearing reports, they closed their eyes and began to meditate, consulting the spirits of ancient Javanese kings.Mysticism touches almost every aspect of life in Indonesia and business is no exception.One of the meditators said his weekly meditation sessions are aimed mainly at bringing the peace of mind that makes for good decision-making.But the insight gained from mystic communication with spirits of wise kings has also helped boost the profits of his five companies.
Mysticism and profits have come together since the 13th century introduction of Islam to Indonesia by Indian Moslem merchants.Those devout traders, called ‘Wali Ullah’ or ‘those close to God, ’ energetically spread both trade and religion by adapting their appeals to the native mysticism of Java.Legends attribute magic power of foreknowledge to the Wali Ullah.These powers were believed to be gained through meditation and fasting.
Businessman Hadisiko said his group fasts and meditates all night every Thursday to become closer to God and to contact the spirits of the great men of the past.‘If we want to employ someone at the managerial level, we meditate together and often the message comes that this man can’t hole onto money or he is untrustworthy.Or maybe the spirits will tell us he should be hired.’ Hadiziko hastened to add that his companies also hold modern personnel management systems and that formal qualifications are essential for a candidate even to be considered.Perspective investments also are considered through mystic meditation.‘With the mind relaxed and open, it is easier to be objective in judging the risk of a new venture.Meditation and contact with the wisdom of the old leaders sharpens your own insight and intuition.Then you have to apply that intuition to the information you have and work hard to be successful.’ Mystic meditation helped reverse a business slide his companies experienced in the mid-1980.Operating with normal business procedures, he lost more than $ 3 millions in that year alone.Meditation brought back his peace of mind.Putting the right persons in the right jobs and gaining confidence in his business decisions were the keys to a turning around that has brought expansion and profitability.The mysticism in Handspike’s boardroom is part of a growing movement in Indonesia called Kebatinan - the ‘search for the inner self.’
One of his managers, Yusuf Soemado, who studied business administration at Harvard University, compared the idea of mystic management to western system of positive thinking.‘Willpower and subconscious mind are recognized as important factors in business.Such approaches as psycho-cybernetics, Carnegie’s think and growth rates, or the power of positive thinking are western attempts to tap the same higher intelligence that we contact through meditation,’ he said.
1.What is the most important factor in their doing business?
[A] Mysticism.
[B] Religion.
[C] Meditation.
[D] Investment.
2.Whom do they consult?
[A] The spirits of ancient Javanese kings.
[B] Wali Ullah.
[C] Old Kings.
[D] Carnegie.
3.Why did Hadisike hasten to add ‘his companies also hold modern personnel management systems…’?
[A] He thought Mysticism was not so good as expected.
[B] To show they too focused on qualifications.
[C] To show they hired qualified persons.
[D] To show the possibility of combination of the scientific management with religion.
4.According to the passage, the function of the meditation is
[A] to gain profit from the god.
[B] to gain peace of mind to make decision.
[C] to gain foreknowledge.
[D] to gain objective conclusion.
5.What does ‘operating with normal business procedures’ refer to?
[A] Adopting the western way of doing business.
[B] Ordinary way of doing business without meditation and fasting.
[C] Contact with God.
[D] Putting right persons in the right jobs.
Vocabulary
1.file into 鱼贯而入，排队进去
2.Jakarta 雅加达
3.meditate 沉思，冥想，反省
4.Java 爪哇
5.Javanese 爪哇的
6.mysticism 神秘主义
7.boost 促进，增加，提高
8.devout 虔诚的，热诚的
9.appeal (to) 向……呼吁，求助于，魅力
10.legend 传说，神话
11.fasting 禁食，斋戒
12.hold onto 抓紧，保住
13.personnel management system 人事管理制度
14.perspective investment 远景投资
15.venture (商业)投机，风险
16.sharpen 使……敏锐/尖锐，磨尖
17.business slide 买卖/企业滑坡，下滑
18.turn around (生意)好转，转变
19.subconscious 下意识的，潜意识的
20.cybernetics 控制论
21.Carnegie 卡耐基
22.tap 开拓，选择
难句译注
1.Mysticism touches almost every aspect of life in Indonesia and business is no exception.
「参考译文」在印尼神秘主义似乎涉及到印尼生活的各个方面，商业也不例外。
2.Those devout traders， called ‘Wali Ullah’ or ‘those close to God， ’ energetically spread both trade and religion by adapting their appeals to the native mysticism of Java.
「参考译文」这些虔诚的商人，叫做Wali Ullah，或者“接近主的人”，把他们的祈求呼吁跟爪哇当地的神秘主义相结合。他们通过这一途径积极热情地拓展商业买卖和宗教信仰。
3.Putting the right persons in the right jobs and gaining confidence in his business decisions were the keys to a turning around that has brought expansion and profitability.
「参考译文」恰当的工作岗位使用合适的人选，对企业决策具有信心使形式好转的关键。它给你带来拓展和利润。(或任人唯贤，指挥若定使扭亏增盈，大展宏图的关键。)
4.Search for the inner self.
「参考译文」探索内心的自我。
5.Such approaches as psychocybernetics， Carnegies think and growth rates， or the power of positive thinking are western attempts to tap the same higher intelligence that we contact through meditation.
「参考译文」类似心理控制论、卡耐基思想、增长率、或者积极思考能力等观点是西方开拓高智能的办法，而我们是通过沉思冥想来和高智能联系的。
写作方法与文章大意
这是一篇新闻报导，讲述印度尼西亚商人如何经营公司。主要采用一般到具体写作手法。一开始就点明他们以独特的方式DD不看文件，不听汇报，而是闭上眼睛沉思，向古代帝王的精灵请示来经营。这种神秘主义几乎涉及印尼生活的各个领域，商业也不例外。后面每段都围绕这一主题而写。第二段写来源。第三段，应用于商业方面的具体例子，第四段，和西方管理方法对比。
答案详解
1.C 沉思。这在第一断已有说明。
A.神秘主义。是个总的概念，笼罩生活各方面。而不是具体的做法和重要因素。
B.宗教。
D.投资。
2.A 爪哇古代帝王之精灵。答案在第一段。
B.Wali Ullah是指印度商人。这些虔诚的商人叫做Wali Ullah或者成为接近主的人。传说神话也把先知的力量归功于Wali Ullah.
C.老帝王。
D.卡耐基，1835-1919是生于苏格兰的美国钢铁工业家和慈善家。他有一套管理企业的办法，称为卡耐基思想(管理法)。
3.B 他们也重视资历、才能。这在第三段中第二行起，商人 Hadisiko讲话清楚说明“如果我们要雇佣管理人员，我们就一起沉思，常常会有这种信息来临：这个人不能管理钱财或者他不可靠。也可能神灵告诉我们应当雇佣他。接着他匆忙补充说他的公司也采用现代人事管理系统，即要考虑雇佣的人员最根本的条件仍是正式资历“。
A.他认为神秘主义不像想象中那么好。
C.表明他们雇佣人才。上下文说明，他所以补充是说明他们也重视资格。
D.表明科学管理和宗教结合的可能性。Hadisike语中没有这种意思。但不能说他们雇佣人才不管宗教。
4.B 得到冷静头脑来决策。这在第三段后半部分讲到。“远景的投资也是通过神秘的沉思加以考虑。有着放松和开放的头脑，易于客观地判断新投资的风险。和过去领袖的接触会是你的洞察力和感官变得敏锐。”第一段第五行“其中一位沉思者说每星期的沉思会主要目标是带来一个平静的头脑，作出好决策。”
A.从上帝那里得到利润。
C.取得先知。不对，先知的能力归于Wali Ullah.
D.得到客观的结论。文内只提到，头脑放松容易客观地判断投资风险与否，并不是客观的结论。
5.B 没有沉思和斋戒的常规作生意。见第三段中，神秘的沉思帮助扭转公司生意滑坡而正常买卖步骤，这一年就损失了300万美元。这两句对比的话说明B项内容。
A.采用西方买卖方式(交易方式)。文内没有点明正常就是西方方式。
C.和上帝接触。
D.知人善任。
备考试题二：
【Vicious and Dangerous Sports Should be Banned by Law】
When you think of the tremendous technological progress we have made, it’s amazing how little we have developed in other respects.We may speak contemptuously of the poor old Romans because they relished the orgies of slaughter that went on in their arenas.We may despise them because they mistook these goings on for entertainment.We may forgive them condescendingly because they lived years ago and obviously knew no better.But are our feelings of superiority really justified? Are we any less blood-thirsty? Why do boxing matches, for instance, attract such universal interest? Don’t the spectators who attend them hope they will see some violence? Human beings remains as bloodthirsty as ever they were.The only difference between ourselves and the Romans is that while they were honest enough to admit that they enjoyed watching hungey lions tearing people apart and eating them alive, we find all sorts of sophisticated arguments to defend sports which should have been banned long age; sports which are quite as barbarous as, say, public hangings or bearbaiting.
It really is incredible that in this day and age we should still allow hunting or bull-fighting, that we should be prepared to sit back and watch two men batter each other to pulp in a boxing ring, that we should be relatively unmoved by the sight of one or a number of racing cars crashing and bursting into flames.Let us not deceive ourselves.Any talk of ‘the sporting spirit’ is sheer hypocrisy.People take part in violent sports because of the high rewards they bring.Spectators are willing to pay vast sums of money to see violence.A world heavyweight championship match, for instance, is front page news.Millions of people are disappointed if a big fight is over in two rounds instead of fifteen.They feel disappointment because they have been deprived of the exquisite pleasure of witnessing prolonged torture and violence.
Why should we ban violent sports if people enjoy them so much? You may well ask.The answer is simple: they are uncivilized.For centuries man has been trying to improve himself spiritually and emotionally - admittedly with little success.But at least we no longer tolerate the sight madmen cooped up in cages, or public floggings of any of the countless other barbaric practices which were common in the past.Prisons are no longer the grim forbidding places they used to be.Social welfare systems are in operation in many parts of the world.Big efforts are being made to distribute wealth fairly.These changes have come about not because human beings have suddenly and unaccountably improved, but because positive steps were taken to change the law.The law is the biggest instrument of social change that we have and it may exert great civilizing influence.If we banned dangerous and violent sports, we would be moving one step further to improving mankind.We would recognize that violence is degrading and unworthy of human beings.
1.It can be inferred from the passage that the author’s opinion of nowadays’ human beings is
A.not very high.
B.high.
C.contemptuous.
D.critical.
2.The main idea of this passage is
A.vicious and dangerous sports should be banned by law.
B.people are willing to pay vast sums money to see violence.
C.to compare two different attitudes towards dangerous sports.
D.people are bloodthirsty in sports.
3.That the author mentions the old Romans is
A.To compare the old Romans with today’s people.
B.to give an example.
C.to show human beings in the past know nothing better.
D.to indicate human beings are used to bloodthirsty.
4.How many dangerous sports does the author mention in this passage?
A.Three.
B.Five.
C.Six.
D.Seven.
5.The purpose of the author in writing this passage is
A.that, by banning the violent sports, we human beings can improve our selves.
B.that, by banning the dangerous sports, we can improve the law.
C.that we must take positive steps to improve social welfare system.
D.to show law is the main instrument of social change.
Vocabulary
1．relish 从……获得乐处，享受
2．orgy 狂欢，放纵
3．arena 竞技场，活动或斗争的场所
4．blood-thirsty 残忍的，嗜血的
5．bear-baiting 逗熊游戏
6．bull-fight 斗牛
7．batter 猛击，连续地猛打/捶，乱打
8．pulp 成纸浆，成软块
9．burst into flames 突然燃烧起来/着火
10．grim 令人窒息的，简陋的
11．coop up 把……关起来
写作方法与文章大意
作者采取先对比、后分析的写作手法。先是今人和古罗马人对暴虐体育上对此两者都欣赏。后者坦率成人“欣赏暴力体育”，前者施以各种接口、实际都是嗜血成性者。第二段进一步剖析今人欣赏暴虐体育的种种实例，最后指出改善“暴虐”的根本嗜为改善法律采取积极的步骤，法律才能施以巨大的文明影响，否则人类很难改变。
答案详解
1．A．不太高。文章一开始就点出科技巨大进步，而其他方面进展很少。人们以轻蔑的口气谈及可怜的古罗马人，因为他们欣赏竞技场上的屠杀。我们轻视他们，因为他们把这些屠杀视为娱乐。我们可以降阶/屈尊地谅解他们，因为他们生活在前，显然，对好的东西不知道。在这里作者反问，我们的优越感是否正确呢?我们的嗜血性是不是少一些?为什么拳击比赛吸引那么许多人?在场的观赏者(观众)是不是也希望看到一些暴力呢?结论是：人类和过去一样残忍。唯一的不同点在于古罗马人很诚实，他们承认他们欣赏观看饥饿的狮子把人撕碎，活生生吃掉，而我们会找出各种精辟的理由来保卫早该制止的运动。第二段举出具体例子，如斗牛、拳击中把人打瘫在地、车赛中，车子碰撞起火，人们就坐在那里观看欣赏，参赛者是为了高报酬，观众付出大笔钱财是为了看到暴力。作者指出任何体育精神的说法纯粹是虚伪。如果一场打比赛(世界重量级冠军赛)，两轮而不是十五轮就告结束，成千上百万人们会感到失望DD这些都证明人的卑下，不文明。这两段似乎也证明作者的观点应该是C项DD蔑视的。但在第三段谈及，好几个世纪以来，人们一直试图在精神上和情感上改善自己，又得承认不怎么成功。可至少我们不再容忍疯人禁锢于笼中，当众鞭挞，以及其他许多过去普遍存在的野蛮行径。监狱也不再是过去那种令人窒息的禁锢之地，社会福利制度在全世界许多地方推行。在财富公平分配上也作了很大的努力。这些变化的出现不是因为人突然改善，而是在改变法律上采取了 积极的步骤。如果我们禁止危险的暴力体育项目，那么我们在改善人类方面又前进了一步。我们会认识暴力是人类的堕落和卑下(人类不应有的)。从这段来看，作者对人类还抱有希望，不是很蔑视。所以选A项。
2．A．法律应禁止堕落而又危险的体育项目。见第一题注释。作者从古罗马人欣赏残忍的体育项目说起，点出现代人也是嗜血成性，喜欢暴力体育项目。这是不文明，是堕落。必须制止，而法律是我们社会改革最强大的工具，它可应用，发挥强大的文明影响(第三段倒数第三句)
B．人们愿意支付巨大款项来观看暴力。这是作者说明“嗜血成性”的具体内容之一。
C．对比对危险体育项目不同的态度。这里没有对比。
D．人类嗜血成性。这是作者认为人们为什么欣赏危险残忍体育项目的根源。
3．D．人们在体育上习惯于“嗜血成性”，过去是，现在仍然是，不同点只是前者坦直承认，后者婉转掩饰。见第一题注释。
A．把古罗马人和现代人对比。这项没有说明对比什么。
B．给出一个例子。太抽象。
C．说明过去人类不太知道更美好的东西，这两项都没有到位。
4．B．5个。作者提到⑴逗熊游戏;⑵斗牛;⑶车赛;⑷拳击;⑸人狮斗。至于当众鞭挞和绞刑不能称作体育活动。
5．A．通过制止野蛮体育项目，我们能改善人类自身。这在第三段讲的最透彻，见第一题和第二题注释。
B．通过制止野蛮体育活动，我们能改善法律，不完全对。作者明确指出要用法律来禁止野蛮体育项目。
C．我们必须采取积极步骤来改善社会福利体制
D．去表明法律是社会变革的主要工具。
1.公共英语一级阅读理测试试题（附答案）
2.公共英语一级阅读理解测试试题及答案
3.公共英语一级阅读理解考试题及答案
4.公共英语一级阅读理解模拟试题及答案
5.公共英语一级阅读理解考试试题及答案
6.公共英语一级阅读理解考试题（附答案）
7.公共英语一级阅读理解考试试题（附答案）
8.公共英语一级阅读理解模拟试题
9.公共英语一级基础阅读试题
10.公共英语一级考前复习试题及答案
篇4：公共英语一级精准模拟题及答案
The Neutrality of American in the Early World War II
The establishment of the Third Reich influenced events in American history by starting a chain of events which culminated in war between Germany and the United States. The compete destruction of democracy， the persecution of Jews， the war on religion， the cruelty and barbarism of the Nazis， and especially the plans of Germany and her allies， Italy and Japan， for world conquest caused great indignation in this country and brought on fear of another world war. While speaking out against Hitler‘s atrocities， the American people generally favored isolationist policies and neutrality. The Neutrality Acts of 1935 and 1936 prohibited trade with any belligerents or loans to them. In 1937 the President was empowered to declare an arms embargo in wars between nations at his discretion.
American opinion began to change somewhat after President Roosevelt‘s “quarantine the aggressor” speech at Chicago (1937) in which he severely criticized Hitler’s policies. Germany‘s seizure of Austria and the Munich Pact for the partition of Czechoslovakia (1938) also aroused the American people. The conquest of Czechoslovakia in March， 1939 was another rude awakening to the menace of the Third Reich. In August，1939 came the shock of the Nazi-soviet Pact and in September the attack on Poland and the outbreak of European war. The United States attempted to maintain neutrality in spite of sympathy for the democracies arrayed against the Third Reich. The Neutrality Act of 1939 repealed the arms embargo and permitted “cash and carry” exports of arms to belligerent nations. A strong national defense program was begun. A draft act was passed (1940) to strengthen the military services. A Lend Act (1941) authorized the President to sell， exchange， or lend materials to any country deemed necessary by him for the defense of the United States. Help was given to Britain by exchanging certain overage destroyers for the right to establish American bases in British territory in the Western Hemisphere. In August， 1940 President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Churchill met and issued the Atlantic Charter which proclaimed the kind of a world which should be established after the war. In December， 1941， Japan launched the unprovoked attack on the United States at Pearl Harbor. Immediately thereafter， Germany declared war on the United States.
1. One item occurring before 1937 that the author does not mention in his list of actions that alienated the American public was
[A]the burning of the Reichstag.
[B]German plans for conquest.
[C]Nazi barbarism.
[D]the persecution of religious groups.
2. The Lend-Lease Act was designed to
[A]help the British.
[B]strengthen the national defense of the United States.
[C]promote the Atlantic Charter.
[D]avenge Pearl Harbor.
3. American Policy during the years 1935-1936 may be described as being
[A]watchful.
[B]isolationist.
[C]peaceful.
[D]indifferent.
4. The Neutrality Act of 1939
[A]permitted the selling of arms to belligerent nations.
[B]antagonized Japan.
[C]permitted the British to trade only with the Allies.
[D]led to Lend-Lease Act.
5. We entered the war against Germany
[A]because Germany declared war.
[B]because Japan was an ally of Germany.
[C]after Germany had signed the Nazi-soviet Pact.
[D]after peaceful efforts had failed.
Vocabulary
1. Reich 帝国，尤指第二次世界大战前及大战期间的德国
2. atrocity 凶残，残暴
3. belligerent 好战的，交战国的
4. discretion 判断力，自行裁决，谨慎
5. empower 赋予……权力
6. embargo 禁运，封港
7. quarantine 停船检疫，隔离，封锁，使孤立
8. partition 分割，瓜分
9. menace 威胁，危险
10. repeal 废除，取消
11. overage destroyer 旧式驱逐舰
12. unprovoked 无缘无故的，非因触犯而发生的
13. Neutrality Acts 中立法令
14. Munich Pact 慕尼黑公约
15. draft act 征兵法
16. Lend Lease Act 租借法
17. Atlantic Charter 大西洋公约
18. Pearl Harbor 珍珠港
答案详解
1.A 帝国大厦焚毁，众所周知，这是纳粹希特勒精心策划的一次政治阴谋，旨在迫害德国共产党。
B. 德国征服计划。
C. 纳粹之残暴。
D. 迫害宗教团体。在文中都提到。见第一段第二句“民主的全面摧毁、对犹太人的迫害、摧残宗教、纳粹的残忍和野蛮，特别是德国及其盟国意、日、征服世界的计划激起美国极大愤怒，也带来了对又一次世界大战的恐惧。”
2.B 加强美国国防。见第二段导数第五句“1941年的租借法规定：总统对他认为保卫美国所需要的国家有权卖给、交换或借给他们物资。”
A. 帮助英国，不对。
C. 促进大西洋公约。大西洋公约是1941年8月，罗斯福和邱吉尔会面后的联合公告。
D. 报复珍珠港。是1941年日本发起袭击的报复。
3.B 与世隔绝。这在第一段第三句“美国人民虽然反对希特勒的凶残等事，他们一般还是喜欢孤立(与世隔绝的)政策和保持中立。1933年和1936年的中立条约规定：禁止和交战国双方贸易和借贷。”
A. 观察的。
C. 和平的。
D. 不正确的。
4.A 允许把武器卖给交战国。答案在第二段第六句“1939年的中立条约取消了武器禁运，允许进行现钞交易出口武器给交战国。”
B. 和日本敌对。
C. 允许英国只能和其盟国贸易。
D. 导致租借条约。
5.A 因为德国宣战。这在第一段已有说明。尽管希特勒坏事做尽，美国还是倾向于中立政策。第二段罗斯福在芝加哥的演讲，态度稍有改变。严厉批评希特勒的政策，但仍然以中立为主。1941年日本袭击珍珠港，不久德国宣战，美国才不得不参战。
1.公共英语一级考前复习试题及答案
2.公共英语三级作文试题及答案
3.公共英语一级考前复习试题
4.公共英语PETS一级完形填空练习题
5.公共英语一级阅读理解模拟试题
6.小升初英语模拟题及答案
7.公共英语三级模拟试题及答案
8.公共英语三级阅读理解试题及答案
9.最新小升初英语模拟题(含答案)
10.20四川中考英语备考模拟题及答案
篇5：公共英语一级阅读理测试试题（附答案）
测试试题一：
Stricter Traffic Law can Prevent Accidents
From the health point of view we are living in a marvelous age. We are immunized from birth against many of the most dangerous diseases. A large number of once fatal illnesses can now be cured by modern drugs and surgery. It is almost certain that one day remedies will be found for the most stubborn remaining diseases. The expectation of life has increased enormously. But though the possibility of living a long and happy life is greater than ever before, every day we witness the incredible slaughter of men, women and children on the roads. Man versus the motor-car ! It is a never-ending battle which man is losing. Thousands of people the world over are killed or horribly killed each year and we are quietly sitting back and letting it happen.
It has been rightly said that when a man is sitting behind a steering wheel, his car becomes the extension of his personality. There is no doubt that the motor-car often brings out a man’s very worst qualities. People who are normally quiet and pleasant may become unrecognizable when they are behind a steering-wheel. They swear, they are ill-mannered and aggressive, willful as two-years-olds and utterly selfish. All their hidden frustrations, disappointments and jealousies seem to be brought to the surface by the act of driving.
The surprising thing is that society smiles so benignly on the motorist and seems to condone his behaviour. Everything is done for his convenience. Cities are allowed to become almost uninhabitable because of heavy tragic; towns are made ugly by huge car parks; the countryside is desecrated by road networks; and the mass annual slaughter becomes nothing more than a statistic, to be conveniently forgotten.
It is high time a world code were created to reduce this senseless waste of human life. With regard to driving, the laws of some countries are notoriously lax and even the strictest are not strict enough. A code which was universally accepted could only have a dramatically beneficial effect on the accident rate. Here are a few examples of some the things that might be done. The driving test should be standardized and made far more difficult than it is; all the drivers should be made to take a test every three years or so; the age at which young people are allowed to drive any vehicle should be raised to at least 21; all vehicles should be put through stringent annual tests for safety. Even the smallest amount of alcohol in the blood can impair a person’s driving ability. Present drinking and driving laws (where they exist) should be mad much stricter. Maximum and minimum speed limits should be imposed on all roads. Governments should lay down safety specifications for manufacturers, as has been done in the USA. All advertising stressing power and performance should be banned. These measures may sound inordinately harsh. But surely nothing should be considered as to severe if tit results in reducing the annual toll of human life. After all, the world is for human beings, not motor-cars.
1. The main idea of this passage is
[A] Traffic accidents are mainly caused by motorists.
[B] Thousands of people the world over are killed each year.
[C] The laws of some countries about driving are too lax.
[D] Only stricter traffic laws can prevent accidents.
2. What does the author think of society toward motorists?
[A] Society smiles on the motorists.
[B] Huge car parks are built in the cities and towns.
[C] Victims of accidents are nothing.
[D] Society condones their rude driving.
3. Why does the author say:’ his car becomes the extension of his personality?’
[A] Driving can show his real self.
[B] Driving can show the other part of his personality.
[C] Driving can bring out his character.
[D] His car embodies his temper.
4. Which of the followings is NOT mentioned as a way against traffic accidents?
[A] Build more highways.
[B] Stricter driving tests.
[C] Test drivers every three years.
[D] raise age limit and lay down safety specifications.
5. The attitude of the author is
[A] ironical
[B] critical
[C] appealing
[D] militant
Vocabulary
1. immunise 使免疫，使免除
2. expectation of life = life expectancy 平均寿命
3. versus = against 对顶，反对
4. mutilate 伤害
5. wilful 任性的，固执的
6. benign 宽厚的，仁慈的
7. condone 宽容
8. desecrate 亵渎，玷污
9. code 法规，规定，惯例
10. stringent 严格的，紧急的，迫切的
11. performance 演出，成品，这里car’s behavior such as speed, function etc.可译成行为，汽车行为、功能等。
难句译注
1. Man versus the motor-car ! It is a never-ending battle which man is losing.
【参考译文】人和汽车对抗!这是一场人类永远是输家的无休止的战斗。
2. All advertising stressing power and performance should be banned.
【参考译文】应当禁止所有强调力量和表现行为的广告。
写作方法与文章大意
文章论述“交通事故”，采用因果、对比手法。从人的平均寿命增加和交通事故率成正比谈起，触及事故率上升的原因，要求制定更严格的法规予以制止种种造成事故的不良行为。
答案详解
1.D 只有更严格的交通法规才能制止交通事故。这在最后一段的结论中体现的最清楚。前面几段只是讲造成事故的种种原因。其目的就是：“是制定世界交通法规以减少无谓的生命浪费的时候了。对于开车，有些国家的法规太松弛，甚至最严格的国家也不够严格。世界公认之法律只可能对交通事故率起大大降低的作用(有非常好的效果。)”这里列出几件要干的事：“驾驶测试应当标准化，比现在的要严格;所有死机每三年考核一次;年轻人驾车的允许年龄应提高到21岁;全部机动车每年都应经过严格的安全测试(测定其安全性)……这些步骤可能听起来异常严厉，可是，如果其结果事减少每年死伤人数的话，就不存在什么太严格的事了。”
A. 主要是机动车死机造成的交通事故。
B. 全世界每年有几千人丧生。
C. 有些国家的交通法规太松弛。这三道答案都是文中谈到某一点，不能作为中心目的。
2.D 社会宽容这种野蛮开车行径。答案就在第三段：“令人惊讶的是社会对司机宽厚地笑笑，似乎宽容他们的行为。一切都为他们的方便而干。人们允许城市由于交通拥挤而几乎不能居住了，大型停车场把城镇“弄得”丑陋不堪，公路网玷污了乡村，每年大量的杀伤仅仅成为统计数字，被很容易地忘记。”
A. 社会对司机笑容可掬。
B. 大型停车场建在市和镇上。
C. 交通死难者等于零。这三项都只是第三段的一个个具体事实。社会正是通过这一件件事来宽容司机野蛮开车，而造成事故。
3. A “他的车就是他个性的外延”这句话就体现了“开车表现他真正的自我，真实的个性”。第二段讲的很清楚：“这么说完全正确：当一个人坐在方向盘后，他的车就成为他个性的外延。毫无疑问，汽车常常表现了人之最坏的品质。平常很安详愉快的人一坐在方向盘后可能就变得难以认识。他们咒骂、行为差劲、好斗、固执、任性得就像两岁的孩子。他们所有隐藏的失落、失望和忌妒感，似乎都在开车中暴露出来”。
B. 表现他个性的另一面。
C. 表现了他的性格。
D. 他的车体现了他的脾气秉性。只是表现自我中的某个事实。
4.A 只有建更多高速公路。没有提。
B. 更难的测试。
C. 每三年对司机进行一次考察。
D. 提高年龄段和制定安全条例。都提到。见第一题译注。
5.B 批评的态度。文章第一、二、三段指出了造成交通事故的原因，呼吁各国制定严格的交通法规，批评现有的交通法规松弛不严格，最后指出世界是人类的，不是摩托车的等等，都说明作者对上述种种都具批评的态度。
A. 讽刺的。
C. 哀求的、呼吁的。
D. 富有战斗性的。
测试试题二：
Dropouts for Ph. D. s
Educators are seriously concerned aboutthe high rate of dropouts among the doctor of philosophy candidates and theconsequent loss of talent to a nation in need of Ph. D. s. Some have placed thedropouts loss as high as 50 percent. The extent of the loss was, however,largely a matter of expert guessing. Last week a well-rounded study waspublished. It was published. It was based on 22,000 questionnaires sent toformer graduate students who were enrolled in 24 universities and it seemed toshow many past fears to be groundless.
The dropouts rate was found to be 31per cent, and in most cases the dropouts, while not completing the Ph. D.requirement, went on to productive work. They are not only doing wellfinancially, but, according to the report, are not far below the income levelsof those who went on to complete their doctorates.
Discussing the study lastweek, Dr. Tucker said the project was initiated ‘because of the concernfrequently expressed by graduate faculties and administrators that some of theindividuals who dropped out of Ph. D. programs were capable of competing therequirement for the degree. Attrition at the Ph. D. level is also thought to bea waste of precious faculty time and a drain on university resources alreadybeing used to capacity. Some people expressed the opinion that the shortage ofhighly trained specialists and college teachers could be reduced by persuadingthe dropouts to return to graduate schools to complete the Ph. D.’
“Theresults of our research” Dr. Tucker concluded, “did not support theseopinions.”
1. Lack of motivation was the principal reason for droppingout.
2. Most dropouts went as far in their doctoral program as wasconsistent with their levels of ability or their specialities.
3. Mostdropouts are now engaged in work consistent with their education andmotivation.
Nearly 75 per cent of the dropouts said there was no academicreason for their decision, but those who mentioned academic reason cited failureto pass the qualifying examination, uncompleted research and failure to passlanguage exams. Among the single most important personal reasons identified bydropouts for non-completion of their Ph. D. program, lack of finances was markedby 19 per cent.
As an indication of how well the dropouts were doing, a chartshowed 2% in humanities were receiving $ 20,000 and more annually while none ofthe Ph. D. ‘s with that background reached this figure. The Ph. D. ‘s shone inthe $ 7,500 to $ 15,000 bracket with 78% at that level against 50% for thedropouts. This may also be an indication of the fact that top salaries in theacademic fields, where Ph. D. ‘s tend to rise to the highest salaries, are stilllagging behind other fields.
As to the possibility of getting dropouts backon campus, the outlook was glum. The main condition which would have to prevailfor at least 25 % of the dropouts who might consider returning to graduateschool would be to guarantee that they would retain their present level ofincome and in some cases their present job.
1. The author states thatmany educators feel that
[A] steps should be taken to get the dropouts backto campus.
[B] the fropouts should return to a lower quality school tocontinue their study.
[C] the Ph. D. holder is generally a better adjustedperson than the dropout.
[D] The high dropouts rate is largely attributableto the lack of stimulation on the part of faculty members.
2. Research hasshown that
[A] Dropouts are substantially below Ph. D. ‘s in financialattainment.
[B] the incentive factor is a minor one in regard to pursuing Ph.D. studies.
[C] The Ph. D. candidate is likely to change his field ofspecialization if he drops out.
[D] about one-third of those who start Ph. D.work do not complete the work to earn the degree.
3. Meeting foreignlanguage requirements for the Ph. D.
[A] is the most frequent reason fordropping out.
[B] is more difficult for the science candidate than for thehumanities candidate.
[C] is an essential part of many Ph. D.programs.
[D] does not vary in difficulty among universities.
4. Afterreading the article, one would refrain from concluding that
[A] optimismreigns in regard to getting Ph. D. dropouts to return to their pursuit of thedegree.
[B] a Ph. D. dropout, by and large, does not have what it takes tolearn the degree.
[C] colleges and universities employ a substantial numberof Ph. D. dropouts.
[D] Ph. D. ‘s are not earning what they deserve innonacademic positions.
5. It can be inferred that the high rate ofdropouts lies in
[A] salary for Ph. D. too low.
[B] academic requirementtoo high.
[C] salary for dropouts too high.
[D] 1000positions.
Vocabulary
1.dropout 辍学者，中途退学
2.well-rounded 全面的
3.attrition 缩/减员，磨损
4.drain 枯竭
5.bracket 一类人，(尤指按收入分类的)阶层
6.lagging behind other fields 落后于其它领域
7.glum 阴郁的
难句译注
1.Educators are seriously concerned about the high rate ofdropouts among the doctor of philosophy candidates and the consequent loss oftalent to a nation in need of Ph. D. s.
「参考译文」教育工作者严重关注博士生辍学的高比率;这对迫切需要博士生的国家是一个人才方面的严重损失。
2.It was base on 22，000questionnaires sent to former graduate students who wereenrolled in 24 universities and it seemed to show many past fears to begroundless.
「结构分析」sent过去分词，修饰questionnaires.Who定语从句修饰students.
「参考译文」这份全面调查报告是以2份调查表分送给以前在24所大学就读的博士生为基础的。这份全面调查报告似乎说明过去许多担心害怕是没有根据的。
3.Attritionat the Ph. D. lever is also thought to be a waste of precious faculty time and adrain on university resources already being used to capacity.
「结构分析」被动句。Tocapacity满额，全力。
「参考译文」博士水平的人员的缩减被认为是宝贵的教授时间的浪费和已经被使用到极限的大学资源的枯竭。
4.This may also be an indication of the fact that top salaries in the academicfields， where Ph. D. ‘s tend to rise to the highest salaries， are still laggingbehind other fields.
「结构分析」the fact的同位语that从句中的where是定语从句，修饰academicfields.
「参考译文」这也可能表明这样一个事实：在博士能挣到最高工资的学术领域中，高工资仍然落后于其它领域。
写作方法与文章大意
这是一篇论及“博士生辍学”的文章。采用对比和因果手法。文章一开始就提出教育工作者严重关注博士生辍学达50%的问题。而调查报告证明，只有31%。辍学造成不良后果，有人建议中途退学者回炉再念博士学位学业。研究表明不行。列出理由并加以分析。
答案详解
1.A.许多教育工作者感到应采取步骤让辍学者回校学习，特别是有些学科。这在第三段最后一句话：“有些人建议高级专家和大学教师短缺现象可以通过劝说辍学者返回校园完成博士学位来减少。”
B.辍学者应回到稍第几的学校去完成学业。
C. 有博士学位的人一般比辍学者具有较好的适应性。
D.高辍学率主要原因在于教师方面缺乏刺激鼓励。这三项文内没有提。
2.D.约三分之一开始就读博士学位的人没有完成学业取得学位。第二段第一句：“辍学率为31%。大多数情况下，辍学人不能完成博士学位学业，就去从事生产性工作”。
A.辍学者的经济收入比博士生低许多。这是错的。见倒数第二段：“作为辍学者干得真不错的证明，统计图表说明2%人文学科的辍学者年收入为20000多没劲，没有一个同样背景的博士生达到这个数字。7000至15000美元年收入水平为博士生的78%，辍学者仅为50%。“
B.在博士学习中刺激因素较小。
C. 博士预备生如果中途退学很可能改变其专业领域。
3.C.博士生应达到外语要求的水平是许多博士生课程的一个基本组成部分。这在第四段有所表示：“约75%的退学者说，他们决定退学并不是处于学术的原因，而处于学术原因的退学者提出：难以通过资格考试，难以完成研究，通不过外语考试“。这里看出外语是博士生课程的基本组成部分。
A.它是退学最频繁的原因。
B. 它对理科博士生比文科博士应考生更难。
D.它在大学中的难度并没有不同。
4. A.读完这篇文章，人们不会有这种结论。这在第三段末和最后一段。第三段末：“我们研究的结果并不支持这些一件(包括返回校园之意见)：⑴缺乏动力是退学的主要原因。⑵大多数退学者在博士课程上已经达到和他们的能力水平和专业水平相一致的水平。⑶大多数退学者现在从事的工作和他们所受教育和动机相一致。“最后一段：”至于返回校园的可能性，前景不乐观。至少有25%的退学生可能考虑返回研究生院就读，条件是保证他们保留现有的收入水平，有些还要保留他们目前的工作。“
B.博士生退学者，大体而论，并不具备得到学位所需要的一切。
C. 学院和大学雇佣了许多退学生。
D.博士生在非学术岗位上没有挣到他们应得的钱。
B.C.两项文内没提。D.不对，参见难句译注4.
5. A. 博士生的工资太低。见第四题A.的译注和难句译注4.
B. 学术要求太高。这只是某些因学术原因辍学者之强调点。
C.辍学者工资太高。不是太高而是有一部分高于博士生。见第二题D项注释。
D. 职位低。文内没有提。
1.公共英语一级阅读理解测试试题及答案
2.公共英语一级阅读理解考试试题（附答案）
3.公共英语一级阅读理解考试题（附答案）
4.公共英语一级阅读理解考试题及答案
5.公共英语一级阅读理解模拟试题
6.公共英语一级基础阅读试题
7.公共英语一级阅读理解模拟试题及答案
8.公共英语一级阅读理解考试试题及答案
9.公共英语一级考前复习试题
10.公共英语一级考前复习试题及答案
篇6：一级计算机考前水平试题及答案解析
一、选择题(每小题1分，共20分)
(1)下列不属于第二代计算机特点的一项是________。
A.采用电子管作为逻辑元件
B.运算速度为每秒几万至几十万条指令
C.内存主要采用磁芯
D.外存储器主要采用磁盘和磁带
(2)下列有关计算机的新技术的说法中，错误的是_______。
A.嵌入式技术是将计算机作为一个信息处理部件，嵌入到应用系统中的一种技术，也就是说，它将软件固化集成到硬件系统中，将硬件系统与软件系统一体化
B.网络计算利用互联网把分散在不同地理位置的电脑组织成一个“虚拟的超级计算机”
C.网络计算技术能够提供资源共享，实现应用程序的互连互通，网络计算与计算机网络是一回事
D.中间件是介于应用软件和操作系统之间的系统软件
(3)计算机辅助设计的简称是_______。
A.CAT
B.CAM
C.CAI
D.CAD
(4)下列有关信息和数据的说法中，错误的是_______。
A.数据是信息的载体
B.数值、文字、语言、图形、图像等都是不同形式的数据
C.数据处理之后产生的结果为信息，信息有意义，数据没有
D.数据具有针对性、时效性
(5)十进制数l00转换成二进制数是_______。
A.01100100
B.01100101
C.01100110
D.01101000
(6)在下列各种编码中，每个字节最高位均是“l”的是______。
A.外码
B.汉字机内码
C.汉字国标码
D.ASCⅡ码
(7)一般计算机硬件系统的主要组成部件有五大部分，下列选项中不属于这五部分的
是_______。
A.输入设备和输出设备
B.软件
C.运算器
D.控制器
(8)下列选项中不属于计算机的主要技术指标的是_______。
A.字长
B.存储容量
C.重量
D.时钟主频
(9)RAM具有的特点是_______。
A.海量存储
B.存储在其中的信息可以永久保存
C.一旦断电，存储在其上的信息将全部消失且无法恢复
D.存储在其中的数据不能改写
(10)下面四种存储器中，属于数据易失性的存储器是_______。
A.RAM
B.ROM
C.PROM
D.CD―ROM
(11)下列有关计算机结构的叙述中，错误的是_______。
A.最早的计算机基本上采用直接连接的方式，冯・诺依曼研制的计算机[AS，基本上就采用了直接连接的结构
B.直接连接方式连接速度快，而且易于扩展
C.数据总线的位数，通常与CPU的位数相对应
D.现代计算机普遍采用总线结构
(12)下列有关总线和主板的叙述中，错误的是_______。
A.外设可以直接挂在总线上
B.总线体现在硬件上就是计算机主板
C.主板上配有插CPU、内存条、显示卡等的各类扩展槽或接口，而光盘驱动器和硬盘驱动器则通过扁缆与主板相连
D.在电脑维修中，把CPU、主板、内存、显卡加上电源所组成的系统叫最小化系统
(13)有关计算机软件，下列说法错误的是_______。
A.操作系统的种类繁多，按照其功能和特性可分为批处理操作系统、分时操作系统和实时操作系统等;按照同时管理用户数的多少分为单用户操作系统和多用户操作系统
B.操作系统提供了一个软件运行的环境，是最重要的系统软件
C.Microsoft Office软件是Windows环境下的办公软件，但它并不能用于其他操作系统环境
D.操作系统的功能主要是管理，即管理计算机的所有软件资源，硬件资源不归操作系统管理
(14)是一种符号化的机器语言。
A.C语言
B.汇编语言
C.机器语言
D.计算机语言
(15)相对而言，下列类型的文件中，不易感染病毒的是_______。
A.木.txt
B.半.doc
C.*.com
D.*.Exe
(16)计算机网络按地理范围可分为_______。
A.广域网、城域网和局域网
B.因特网、城域网和局域网
C.广域网、因特网和局域网
D.因特网、广域网和对等网
(17)HTML的正式名称是_______。
A.Intemet编程语言
B.超文本标记语言
C.主页制作语言
D.wWW编程语言
(18)对于众多个人用户来说，接入因特网最经济、最简单、采用最多的方式是_______。
A.局域网连接
B.专线连接
C.电话拨号
D.无线连接
(19)在Intemet中完成从域名到IP址或者从口到域名转换的是_______服务。
A.DNS
B.FI'P
C.www
D.ADSL
(20)下列关于电子邮件的说法中错误的是_______。
A.发件人必须有自己的E―mail帐户
B.必须知道收件人的E―mail地址
C.收件人必须有自己的邮政编码
D.可使用Outlook Express管理联系人信息
二、基本操作题(10分)
1.在考生文件夹中分别建立CCC和DDD两个文件夹。2.在CCC文件夹中新建一个名为DESK.TxT的文件。3.删除考生文件夹下A文件夹中的HQ.TxT文件。4.为考生文件夹下XAN文件夹建立名为XANB的快捷方式，存放在考生文件夹下的
DDD文件夹中。
5.搜索考生文件夹下的Yu.c文件，然后将其复制到考生文件夹下的A2009文件夹中。宇处理题(25分)
在考生文件夹下打开文档WORD.DOCX，按照要求完成下列操作并以该文件名(WORD.oocx)保存文档。
【文档开始】
4.IBM电子商务专利的特点
通过对IBM e―commerce电子商务专利查询得到的150个专利分析，IBM电子商务专利技术的特点是IBM已建立了完整的三层信息处理模式的电子商务应用体系，并围绕客户端、服务器端以及数据库访问，对于每一个部分大量研发各种提高系统性能和数据库技术、网络技术专利，垄断了电子商务技术专利市场。
技术专利是电子商务的发展的核心，掌握了技术专利就能在电子商务发展中占据制高点，获得竞争中的优势，IBM就是凭借自己强大的技术实力和专利技术，在国际企业中居于领先的位置。对于电子商务来说，专利技术主要是一种基于网络的技术，如何将网络和我们传统的计算机技术结合，在传统技术和网络技术中寻找创新点，IBM为我们提供了很好的榜样。表4―5的内容是根据IBM电子商务专利特点，结合USPT0网的专利查询归纳总结出来的。
表4―5 IBM电子商务专利特点分类统计
【文档结束】
(1)将标题段文字(“4.I BM电子商务专利的特点”)设置为黑体、三号、加粗、居中并加下划线。将倒数第l6行(“表4―5 mM电子商务专利特点分类统计”)文字设置为四号字，并为该行中的“电子商务专利”加着重号。
(2)设置正文各段落(“通过对mM e―commerce……结合USPT0网的专利查询归纳总结出来的。”)悬挂缩进2字符、行距为l.3倍，段前和段后间距各0.5行。
(3)将正文第二段(“技术专利是……总结出来的。”)分为等宽的两栏，栏宽为16字符，栏中间加分隔线;首字下沉3行。
(4)将倒数第l行到倒数第l5行的文字根据制表符转换为一个l5行3列的表格(如果转换后有空行请删除)。设置表格行高为0.8厘米，表格居中，表格中所有文字靠上居中。(5)合并表格第1列的第2―5单元格、第1列的第6～l3单元格。设置表格外框线为3磅单实线，内框线为1磅黑色单实线。
四、电子表格题(20分)
1.在考生文件夹下打开EXCEL.XLSX文件：(1)将sheetl工作表的Al：Fl单元格合并为一个单元格，内容水平居中;计算学生的“总成绩”列的内容(保留小数点后0位)，计算二组学生人数(置G3单元格内，利用COUNTlF函数)和二组学生总成绩(置G5单元格内，利用SUMIF函数);利用条件格式将C3：El2区域内数值大于或等于85的单元格的字体颜色设置为紫色。(2)选取“学号”和“总成绩”列内容，建立“簇状圆柱图”(系列产生在“列”)，
图标题为“总成绩统计图”，清除图例;将图插人到表的Al4：G28单元格区域内，将工作表命名为“成绩统计表”，保存EXCEL.XLSX文件。
2.打开工作簿文件EXC.XLSX，对工作表“图书销售情况表”内数据清单的内容进行自动筛选，条件为第l分部和第3分部、社科类和少儿类图书，工作表名不变，保存EXC.XLSX工作簿。
五、演示文稿题(15分)
打开考生文件夹下的演示文稿ysw9.pptx，按照下列要求完成对此文稿的修饰并保存。
1.使用“时装设计”模板修饰全文，全部幻灯片切换效果为“涟漪”。
2.第一张幻灯片版式改为“垂直排列标题与文本”，文本设置为“黑体”、41磅字。在第三张幻灯片前插入版式为“比较”的新幻灯片，将第二张幻灯片的第l、2段文本移到文本区域，将第四张幻灯片上部两张图片移到内容区域，图片和文本动画均设置为“进入”、“轮子”、动画顺序为先文本后图片。将第四张幻灯片的版式改为“标题和两项内容在文本之上”，两张图片移入内容区，将第二张幻灯片的文本移到文本区域，插入备注“熊猫饮食”。删除第二张幻灯片。将第四张幻灯片移到第一张幻灯片之前。
六、上网题
1.发送邮件至networks_training@hotmail.com，主题为：咨询，邮件内容为：您好，我想咨询网络培训的具体时间和报名方法，盼复l
2.打开I-ITFP：//LOCALHOST：65531/ExamWeb/download.htm页面浏览，并在考生文件夹下新建文件夹“PPT样式”，在页面上找到“PPT样式一”和“PPT样式二”的链接，将所链接的演示文稿文件保存到文件夹“PPT样式”中，分别命名为“pptl.ppt”和“ppt2.ppt”。
篇7：计算机一级MSOffice考前模拟试题及答案
计算机一级MSOffice考前模拟试题及答案
(1) 完整的计算机硬件系统一般包括外部设备和
A)运算器和控制器
B)存贮器
C)主机
D)中央处理器
参考答案：C
(2) 计算机能够自动工作，主要是因为采用了
A)二进制数制
B)高速电子元件
C)存储程序控制
D)程序设计语言
参考答案：C
(3) 下面哪一组是系统软件
A)DOS和MIS
B)WPS和UNIX
C)DOS和UNIX
D)UNIX和Word
参考答案：C
(4) 下列各组设备中，全部属于输入设备的一组是
A)键盘、磁盘和打印机
B)键盘、扫描仪和鼠标
C)键盘、鼠标和显示器
D)硬盘、打印机和键盘
参考答案：B
(5) 6位无符号二进制数能表示的最大十进制整数是
A)64
B)63
C)32
D)31
参考答案：B
(6) 在计算机中采用二进制，是因为
A)可降低硬件成本
B)两个状态的系统具有稳定性
C)二进制的运算法则简单
D)上述三个原因
参考答案：D
(7) 下列叙述中，正确的一条是
A)存储在任何存储器中的信息，断电后都不会丢失
B)操作系统是只对硬盘进行管理的程序
C) 硬盘装在主机箱内，因此硬盘属于主存
D)磁盘驱动器属于外部设备
参考答案：D
(8) 将高级语言编写的'程序翻译成机器语言程序，采用的两种翻译方式是
A)编译和解释
B)编译和汇编
C)编译和链接
D)解释和汇编
参考答案：A
(9)近年来计算机界常提到的“问题”指的是
A)计算机将在20大发展问题
B)计算机病毒将在年大泛滥问题
C)NC和PC将在2000年平起平坐的问题
D)有关计算机处理日期问题
参考答案：D
(10) 为了避免混淆，十六进制数在书写时常在后面加字母
A)H
B)O
C)D
D)B
参考答案：A
篇8：一级建造师水利水电考前试题
一级建造师水利水电考前试题
1[单选题]设备有形磨损的局部补偿是( )。
A.改造B.修理C.更新D.替换
参考答案：B
◆◆2[多选题] 造成设备无形磨损的原因有( )。
A.通货膨胀导致货币贬值B.自然力的作用使设备产生磨损C.技术进步创造出效率更高、能耗更低的新设备D.设备使用过程中的磨损、变形E.社会劳动生产率水平提高使同类设备的再生产价值降低
参考答案：C,E
◆◆3[单选题]下列设备磨损的类型中，( )与闲置的时间长度和所处环境有关。
A.第一种有形磨损B.第二种有形磨损C.第一种无形磨损D.第二种无形磨损
参考答案：B
◆◆4[多选题]对设备第二种无形磨损进行补偿的方式有( )。
A.日常保养B.大修理C.更新D.经常性修理E.现代化改装
参考答案：C,E
◆◆5[多选题]下列导致现有设备贬值的情形中，属于设备无形磨损的有( )。
A.设备连续使用导致零部件磨损B.设备长期闲置导致金属件锈蚀C.设备使用期限过长引起橡胶件老化D.性能更好耗费更低的替代设备出现E.同类设备的再生产价值降低
参考答案：D,E
◆◆6[单选题]某设备一年前购入后闲置至今，产生锈蚀。此间由于制造工艺改进，使该种设备制造成本降低，其市场价格也随之下降。那么，该设备遭受了( )。
A.第一种有形磨损和第二种无形磨损B.第二种有形磨损和第二种无形磨损C.第一种有形磨损和第一种无形磨损D.第二种有形磨损和第一种无形磨损
参考答案：D
◆◆7[多选题]关于确定设备经济寿命的说法，正确的有( )。
A.使设备在自然寿命期内一次性投资最小B.使设备的经济寿命与自然寿命、技术寿命尽可能保持一致C.使设备在经济寿命期平均每年净收益达到最大D.使设备在可用寿命期内总收入达到E.使设备在经济寿命期年平均使用成本最小最大参考答案：C,E
◆◆8[单选题]设备的无形磨损是( )的结果。
A.错误操作B.自然力侵蚀C.技术进步D.超负荷使用
参考答案：C
◆◆9[单选题]关于设备技术寿命的说法，正确的有( )
A.设备的技术寿命是指设备年平均维修费用最低的使用年限B.设备的技术寿命一般长于设备的自然寿命C.设备的技术寿命受产品质量和精度要求的影响D.设备的技术寿命主要是由设备的有形磨损决定的
参考答案：C
◆◆10[单选题] 对于设备的有形和无形磨损，下列说法错误的是( )。
A.有形和无形两种磨损都引起设备原始价值的贬值B.遭受有形磨损的设备，在修理之前，常常不能工作C.遭受无形磨损的设备，也表现为设备实体的变化和损坏D.当无形磨损很严重，其固定资产物质形态却可能没有磨损
参考答案：C
◆◆11[单选题] 某设备4年前的原始成本是20万元，目前的账面价值是10万元，现在的市场价值仅为6万元。在进行设备更新分析时，该设备的沉没成本是( )。
A.16万元B.10万元C.6万元D.4万元
参考答案：D
◆◆参考解析：
该设备的沉没成本=设备账面价值-当前市场价值=10-6=4万元。故选项D正确。
12[单选题] 设备无形磨损不是由生产过程中使用或自然力的作用造成的，而是由社会经济环境变化造成的设备价值贬值，造成设备无形磨损是由于( )。
A.精度降低B.设备闲置C.社会进步D.技术进步
参考答案：D
◆◆13[单选题] 某设备原始价值是800元，不论使用多久，其残值均为零，而其使用费第一年为200元，以后每年增加100元，若不计利息，则该设备的经济寿命是( )。
A.2年B.3年C.4年D.5年
参考答案：C
14[单选题] 设备更新方案的比选原则不包括( )。
A.应客观分析问题B.不考虑沉没成本C.应逐年滚动比较D.考虑设备技术进步
参考答案：D
◆◆参考解析：
设备更新方案比选应遵循如下原则：一是设备更新分析应站在客观的立场分析问题。
设备更新问题的要点是站在客观的立场上，而不是站在旧设备的立场上考虑问题。若要保留旧设备，首先要付出相当于旧设备当前市场价值的投资，才能取得旧设备的使用权。二是不考虑沉没成本。沉没成本是既有企业过去投资决策发生的、非现在决策能改变(或不受现在决策影响)、已经计人过去投资费用回收计划的费用。三是逐年滚动比较。该原则是指在确定最佳更新时机时，应首先计算比较现有设备的剩余经济寿命和新设备的经济寿命，然后利用逐年滚动计算方法进行比较。如果不遵循这些原则，方案比选结果或更新时机的确定可能发生错误。故答案为选项D。
15[单选题] 若旧设备继续使用1年的年成本低于新设备的年成本，则应采取的措施是( )。
A.更新或继续使用旧设备均可B.不更新旧设备，继续使用旧设备1年C.更新旧设备D.继续使用旧设备
参考答案：B
◆◆参考解析：
设备更新即便在经济上是有利的，却也未必应该立即更新。如果旧设备继续使用1年的年成本低于新设备的年成本，即AC(旧)
16[单选题] 某设备3年前的原始成本是5万元，目前的账面价值是2万元，现在的净残值为1万元，则该设备目前的价值为( )。
A.1万元B.2万元C.3万元D.4万元
参考答案：A
◆◆参考解析：
3年前的原始成本为5万元是过去发生的，与现在决策无关，是沉没成本，目前该设备的价值等于净残值1万元。故选A。
17[多选题] 关于设备更新方案比选的原则，下列说法正确的是( )。
A.计算现有设备的`经济寿命和新设备的经济寿命，然后进行逐年滚动比较B.按照新旧设备方案的直接现金流量进行比较，不另考虑机会成本C.对原设备目前的价值考虑买卖双方及机会成本D.沉没成本已经发生，应计人原设备的价值E.沉没成本已经发生，非现在决策能改变，不再考虑
参考答案：A,C,E
◆◆18[多选题] 造成设备第一种无形磨损的原因包括( )。
A.技术进步B.社会劳动生产率水平提高C.受自然力的作用产生磨损D.同类设备的再生产价值降低E.使用磨损
参考答案：A,B,D
◆◆参考解析：
设备的无形磨损是技术进步的结果，无形磨损又有两种形式。第一种是设备的技术结构和性能并没有变化，但由于技术进步，设备制造工艺不断改进，社会劳动生产率水平的提高，同类设备的再生产价值降低，致使原设备相对贬值。
19[多选题] 更新是对整个设备进行更换，属于完全补偿，适用于设备的磨损形式包括( )。
A.可消除性的有形磨损B.第一种无形磨损C.不可消除性的有形磨损D.无形磨损E.第二种无形磨损
参考答案：A,C,E
◆◆20[多选题] 关于设备磨损及磨损补偿，下列说法正确的是( )。
A.设备在闲置过程中不会发生磨损B.更新是对整个设备进行更换，属于完全补偿C.有形磨损和无形磨损都会引起机器设备原始价值的贬值D.无形磨损是技术进步的结果，同类设备再生产价值降低，致使原设备贬值E.物理磨损使得设备的运行费用和维修费用增加，效率低下
参考答案：B,C,D,E
◆◆参考解析：
设备购置后，无论是使用还是闲置，都会发生磨损。有形磨损(又称物理磨损)造成设备的性能、精度等的降低，使得设备的运行费用和维修费用增加，效率低下，反映了设备使用价值的降低。无形磨损是技术进步的结果，设备制造工艺不断改进，社会劳动生产率水平的提高，同类设备的再生产价值降低，致使原设备相对贬值。有形和无形两种磨损都引起机器设备原始价值的贬值，这一点两者是相同的。设备发生磨损后，需要进行补偿，以恢复设备的生产能力。补偿分为局部补偿和完全补偿，更新是对整个设备进行更换，属于完全补偿。
第1题单选修改工程项目管理企业受建设单位委托，按合同约定可以( )。
A.直接承担该工程的勘察、设计、施工业务
B.直接与该工程项目的总承包单位签订合同
C.协助业主与该工程项目的总承包单位签订合同并监督合同的履行
D.分包该工程项目的物资采购业务
参考答案：C
参考解析： 为防止工程项目管理企业不正当地从同一工程项目中渔利，法规禁止A、B、D选项所列的行为，本题只有C选项符合规定。
《生产安全事故报告和调查处理条例》规定，安全事故调查组应当自事故发生之日起60日内提交事故调查报告;特殊情况，经批准可以适当延长，但延长的期限最长不超过( )。
A.15日
B.30日
C.60日
D.120日
参考答案：C
在城市规划区内以划拨方式提供国有土地使用权的建设工程，建设单位在依法办理用地批准手续前，必须先取得该工程( )。
A.国有土地使用权出让合同
B.建设工程规划许可证
C.拆迁许可证
D.建设用地规划许可证
参考答案：D
依法批准开工报告的建设工程，建设单位应当( )，将保证安全施工的措施报送建设工程所在地的县级以上地方人民政府建设行政主管部门或者其他有关部门备案。
A.在开工报告批准同时
B.自开工报告批准之日起10日内
C.自开工报告批准之日起15日内
D.自开工报告批准之日起20日内
参考答案：C
按照《建设工程质量管理条例》规定，在工程竣工验收后，向建设行政主管部门或者其他有关部门移交建设项目档案的主体是( )。
A.建设单位
B.监理单位
C.施工单位
D.设计单位
参考答案：A
参考解析： 按照《建设工程质量管理条例》规定，建设单位应当严格按照国家有关档案管理的规定，及时收集、整理建设项目各环节的文件资料，建立、健全建设项目档案，并在建设工程竣工验收后，及时向建设行政主管部门或者其他有关部门移交建设项目档案。
某学院教学楼装修改造过程中，施工单位下列哪项行为是被禁止的( )。
A.按照设计图纸改动电器线路布置
B.按照建设单位要求将原门洞口扩大
C.按照设计单位要求对结构梁进行加固
D.按照监理单位要求做防水层蓄水试验
参考答案：B
参考解析： 《建设工程质量管理条例》规定，房屋建筑使用者在装修过程中，不得擅自变动房屋建筑主体和承重结构。
《城市建设档案管理规定》规定，建设单位应当在工程竣工验收后( )内，向城建档案馆报送一套符合规定的建设工程档案。
A.30日
B.1个月
C.3个月
D.6个月
参考答案：C
关于行政复议和行政诉讼的说法，错误的是。
A.行政复议、行政诉讼必须以书面形式提出申请
B.行政复议不是行政诉讼的必然程序
C.人民法院已经受理行政诉讼的，不得申请行政复议
D.复议机关受理行政复议的，不得向人民法院提起行政诉讼
参考答案：A
篇9：公共英语PETS一级完形填空复习题及答案
复习题一：
Vicious and Dangerous Sports Should be Banned by Law
When you think of the tremendous technological progress we have made, it’s amazing how little we have developed in other respects.We may speak contemptuously of the poor old Romans because they relished the orgies of slaughter that went on in their arenas.We may despise them because they mistook these goings on for entertainment.We may forgive them condescendingly because they lived 2000 years ago and obviously knew no better.But are our feelings of superiority really justified? Are we any less blood-thirsty? Why do boxing matches, for instance, attract such universal interest? Don’t the spectators who attend them hope they will see some violence? Human beings remains as bloodthirsty as ever they were.The only difference between ourselves and the Romans is that while they were honest enough to admit that they enjoyed watching hungey lions tearing people apart and eating them alive, we find all sorts of sophisticated arguments to defend sports which should have been banned long age; sports which are quite as barbarous as, say, public hangings or bearbaiting.
It really is incredible that in this day and age we should still allow hunting or bull-fighting, that we should be prepared to sit back and watch two men batter each other to pulp in a boxing ring, that we should be relatively unmoved by the sight of one or a number of racing cars crashing and bursting into flames.Let us not deceive ourselves.Any talk of ‘the sporting spirit’ is sheer hypocrisy.People take part in violent sports because of the high rewards they bring.Spectators are willing to pay vast sums of money to see violence.A world heavyweight championship match, for instance, is front page news.Millions of people are disappointed if a big fight is over in two rounds instead of fifteen.They feel disappointment because they have been deprived of the exquisite pleasure of witnessing prolonged torture and violence.
Why should we ban violent sports if people enjoy them so much? You may well ask.The answer is simple: they are uncivilized.For centuries man has been trying to improve himself spiritually and emotionally - admittedly with little success.But at least we no longer tolerate the sight madmen cooped up in cages, or public floggings of any of the countless other barbaric practices which were common in the past.Prisons are no longer the grim forbidding places they used to be.Social welfare systems are in operation in many parts of the world.Big efforts are being made to distribute wealth fairly.These changes have come about not because human beings have suddenly and unaccountably improved, but because positive steps were taken to change the law.The law is the biggest instrument of social change that we have and it may exert great civilizing influence.If we banned dangerous and violent sports, we would be moving one step further to improving mankind.We would recognize that violence is degrading and unworthy of human beings.
1.It can be inferred from the passage that the author’s opinion of nowadays’ human beings is
A.not very high.
B.high.
C.contemptuous.
D.critical.
2.The main idea of this passage is
A.vicious and dangerous sports should be banned by law.
B.people are willing to pay vast sums money to see violence.
C.to compare two different attitudes towards dangerous sports.
D.people are bloodthirsty in sports.
3.That the author mentions the old Romans is
A.To compare the old Romans with today’s people.
B.to give an example.
C.to show human beings in the past know nothing better.
D.to indicate human beings are used to bloodthirsty.
4.How many dangerous sports does the author mention in this passage?
A.Three.
B.Five.
C.Six.
D.Seven.
5.The purpose of the author in writing this passage is
A.that, by banning the violent sports, we human beings can improve our selves.
B.that, by banning the dangerous sports, we can improve the law.
C.that we must take positive steps to improve social welfare system.
D.to show law is the main instrument of social change.
Vocabulary
1.relish 从……获得乐处，享受
2.orgy 狂欢，放纵
3.arena 竞技场，活动或斗争的场所
4.blood-thirsty 残忍的，嗜血的
5.bear-baiting 逗熊游戏
6.bull-fight 斗牛
7.batter 猛击，连续地猛打/捶，乱打
8.pulp 成纸浆，成软块
9.burst into flames 突然燃烧起来/着火
10.grim 令人窒息的，简陋的
11.coop up 把……关起来
写作方法与文章大意
作者采取先对比、后分析的写作手法。先是今人和古罗马人对暴虐体育上对此两者都欣赏。后者坦率成人“欣赏暴力体育”，前者施以各种接口、实际都是嗜血成性者。第二段进一步剖析今人欣赏暴虐体育的种种实例，最后指出改善“暴虐”的根本嗜为改善法律采取积极的步骤，法律才能施以巨大的文明影响，否则人类很难改变。
答案详解
1.A.不太高。文章一开始就点出科技巨大进步，而其他方面进展很少。人们以轻蔑的口气谈及可怜的古罗马人，因为他们欣赏竞技场上的屠杀。我们轻视他们，因为他们把这些屠杀视为娱乐。我们可以降阶/屈尊地谅解他们，因为他们生活在2000年前，显然，对好的东西不知道。在这里作者反问，我们的优越感是否正确呢?我们的嗜血性是不是少一些?为什么拳击比赛吸引那么许多人?在场的观赏者(观众)是不是也希望看到一些暴力呢?结论是：人类和过去一样残忍。唯一的不同点在于古罗马人很诚实，他们承认他们欣赏观看饥饿的狮子把人撕碎，活生生吃掉，而我们会找出各种精辟的理由来保卫早该制止的运动。第二段举出具体例子，如斗牛、拳击中把人打瘫在地、车赛中，车子碰撞起火，人们就坐在那里观看欣赏，参赛者是为了高报酬，观众付出大笔钱财是为了看到暴力。作者指出任何体育精神的说法纯粹是虚伪。如果一场打比赛(世界重量级冠军赛)，两轮而不是十五轮就告结束，成千上百万人们会感到失望DD这些都证明人的卑下，不文明。这两段似乎也证明作者的观点应该是C项DD蔑视的。但在第三段谈及，好几个世纪以来，人们一直试图在精神上和情感上改善自己，又得承认不怎么成功。可至少我们不再容忍疯人禁锢于笼中，当众鞭挞，以及其他许多过去普遍存在的野蛮行径。监狱也不再是过去那种令人窒息的禁锢之地，社会福利制度在全世界许多地方推行。在财富公平分配上也作了很大的努力。这些变化的出现不是因为人突然改善，而是在改变法律上采取了 积极的步骤。如果我们禁止危险的暴力体育项目，那么我们在改善人类方面又前进了一步。我们会认识暴力是人类的堕落和卑下(人类不应有的)。从这段来看，作者对人类还抱有希望，不是很蔑视。所以选A项。
2.A.法律应禁止堕落而又危险的体育项目。见第一题注释。作者从古罗马人欣赏残忍的体育项目说起，点出现代人也是嗜血成性，喜欢暴力体育项目。这是不文明，是堕落。必须制止，而法律是我们社会改革最强大的工具，它可应用，发挥强大的文明影响(第三段倒数第三句)
B.人们愿意支付巨大款项来观看暴力。这是作者说明“嗜血成性”的具体内容之一。
C.对比对危险体育项目不同的态度。这里没有对比。
D.人类嗜血成性。这是作者认为人们为什么欣赏危险残忍体育项目的根源。
3.D.人们在体育上习惯于“嗜血成性”，过去是，现在仍然是，不同点只是前者坦直承认，后者婉转掩饰。见第一题注释。
A.把古罗马人和现代人对比。这项没有说明对比什么。
B.给出一个例子。太抽象。
C.说明过去人类不太知道更美好的东西，这两项都没有到位。
4.B.5个。作者提到⑴逗熊游戏;⑵斗牛;⑶车赛;⑷拳击;⑸人狮斗。至于当众鞭挞和绞刑不能称作体育活动。
5.A.通过制止野蛮体育项目，我们能改善人类自身。这在第三段讲的最透彻，见第一题和第二题注释。
B.通过制止野蛮体育活动，我们能改善法律，不完全对。作者明确指出要用法律来禁止野蛮体育项目。
C.我们必须采取积极步骤来改善社会福利体制
D.去表明法律是社会变革的主要工具。
复习题二：
Meditation in Indonesian Business
It looked like a typical business meeting.Six men, neatly dressed in white shirts and ties filed into the boardroom of a small Jakarta company and sat down at a long table.But instead of consulting files or hearing reports, they closed their eyes and began to meditate, consulting the spirits of ancient Javanese kings.Mysticism touches almost every aspect of life in Indonesia and business is no exception.One of the meditators said his weekly meditation sessions are aimed mainly at bringing the peace of mind that makes for good decision-making.But the insight gained from mystic communication with spirits of wise kings has also helped boost the profits of his five companies.
Mysticism and profits have come together since the 13th century introduction of Islam to Indonesia by Indian Moslem merchants.Those devout traders, called ‘Wali Ullah’ or ‘those close to God, ’ energetically spread both trade and religion by adapting their appeals to the native mysticism of Java.Legends attribute magic power of foreknowledge to the Wali Ullah.These powers were believed to be gained through meditation and fasting.
Businessman Hadisiko said his group fasts and meditates all night every Thursday to become closer to God and to contact the spirits of the great men of the past.‘If we want to employ someone at the managerial level, we meditate together and often the message comes that this man can’t hole onto money or he is untrustworthy.Or maybe the spirits will tell us he should be hired.’ Hadiziko hastened to add that his companies also hold modern personnel management systems and that formal qualifications are essential for a candidate even to be considered.Perspective investments also are considered through mystic meditation.‘With the mind relaxed and open, it is easier to be objective in judging the risk of a new venture.Meditation and contact with the wisdom of the old leaders sharpens your own insight and intuition.Then you have to apply that intuition to the information you have and work hard to be successful.’ Mystic meditation helped reverse a business slide his companies experienced in the mid-1980.Operating with normal business procedures, he lost more than $ 3 millions in that year alone.Meditation brought back his peace of mind.Putting the right persons in the right jobs and gaining confidence in his business decisions were the keys to a turning around that has brought expansion and profitability.The mysticism in Handspike’s boardroom is part of a growing movement in Indonesia called Kebatinan - the ‘search for the inner self.’
One of his managers, Yusuf Soemado, who studied business administration at Harvard University, compared the idea of mystic management to western system of positive thinking.‘Willpower and subconscious mind are recognized as important factors in business.Such approaches as psycho-cybernetics, Carnegie’s think and growth rates, or the power of positive thinking are western attempts to tap the same higher intelligence that we contact through meditation,’ he said.
1.What is the most important factor in their doing business?
[A] Mysticism.
[B] Religion.
[C] Meditation.
[D] Investment.
2.Whom do they consult?
[A] The spirits of ancient Javanese kings.
[B] Wali Ullah.
[C] Old Kings.
[D] Carnegie.
3.Why did Hadisike hasten to add ‘his companies also hold modern personnel management systems…’?
[A] He thought Mysticism was not so good as expected.
[B] To show they too focused on qualifications.
[C] To show they hired qualified persons.
[D] To show the possibility of combination of the scientific management with religion.
4.According to the passage, the function of the meditation is
[A] to gain profit from the god.
[B] to gain peace of mind to make decision.
[C] to gain foreknowledge.
[D] to gain objective conclusion.
5.What does ‘operating with normal business procedures’ refer to?
[A] Adopting the western way of doing business.
[B] Ordinary way of doing business without meditation and fasting.
[C] Contact with God.
[D] Putting right persons in the right jobs.
Vocabulary
1.file into 鱼贯而入，排队进去
2.Jakarta 雅加达
3.meditate 沉思，冥想，反省
4.Java 爪哇
5.Javanese 爪哇的
6.mysticism 神秘主义
7.boost 促进，增加，提高
8.devout 虔诚的，热诚的
9.appeal (to) 向……呼吁，求助于，魅力
10.legend 传说，神话
11.fasting 禁食，斋戒
12.hold onto 抓紧，保住
13.personnel management system 人事管理制度
14.perspective investment 远景投资
15.venture (商业)投机，风险
16.sharpen 使……敏锐/尖锐，磨尖
17.business slide 买卖/企业滑坡，下滑
18.turn around (生意)好转，转变
19.subconscious 下意识的，潜意识的
20.cybernetics 控制论
21.Carnegie 卡耐基
22.tap 开拓，选择
难句译注
1.Mysticism touches almost every aspect of life in Indonesia and business is no exception.
「参考译文」在印尼神秘主义似乎涉及到印尼生活的各个方面，商业也不例外。
2.Those devout traders， called ‘Wali Ullah’ or ‘those close to God， ’ energetically spread both trade and religion by adapting their appeals to the native mysticism of Java.
「参考译文」这些虔诚的商人，叫做Wali Ullah，或者“接近主的人”，把他们的祈求呼吁跟爪哇当地的神秘主义相结合。他们通过这一途径积极热情地拓展商业买卖和宗教信仰。
3.Putting the right persons in the right jobs and gaining confidence in his business decisions were the keys to a turning around that has brought expansion and profitability.
「参考译文」恰当的工作岗位使用合适的人选，对企业决策具有信心使形式好转的关键。它给你带来拓展和利润。(或任人唯贤，指挥若定使扭亏增盈，大展宏图的关键。)
4.Search for the inner self.
「参考译文」探索内心的自我。
5.Such approaches as psychocybernetics， Carnegies think and growth rates， or the power of positive thinking are western attempts to tap the same higher intelligence that we contact through meditation.
「参考译文」类似心理控制论、卡耐基思想、增长率、或者积极思考能力等观点是西方开拓高智能的办法，而我们是通过沉思冥想来和高智能联系的。
写作方法与文章大意
这是一篇新闻报导，讲述印度尼西亚商人如何经营公司。主要采用一般到具体写作手法。一开始就点明他们以独特的方式DD不看文件，不听汇报，而是闭上眼睛沉思，向古代帝王的精灵请示来经营。这种神秘主义几乎涉及印尼生活的各个领域，商业也不例外。后面每段都围绕这一主题而写。第二段写来源。第三段，应用于商业方面的具体例子，第四段，和西方管理方法对比。
1.公共英语PETS一级完形填空练习题及答案
2.公共英语PETS一级完形填空练习题
3.公共英语一级阅读理解复习题及答案
4.公共英语pets一级模拟辅导习题
5.公共英语一级精准模拟题及答案
6.公共英语一级阅读理解测试试题及答案
7.公共英语一级考前复习试题及答案
8.公共英语一级阅读理解考试题及答案
9.公共英语一级阅读理备考试题及答案
10.公共英语一级阅读理测试试题（附答案）
