托福阅读文章结构划分最全解读

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托福阅读文章结构划分最全解读

篇1：托福阅读文章结构划分最全解读

托福阅读如何才能快速又高效呢?本文将详细解答托福阅读文章的结构划分，帮助正在备考托福中认为托福阅读索然无趣的同学，快速找到解答托福阅读的方法。

托福阅读文章结构划分最全解读

在官方指南当中，ETS给出了托福阅读的常见四种结构，下面我们就来分别看一看：

第一种，因果类文章结构，也就是全文都是围绕着某个现象进行解释。典型文章desert formation，在文章开头的第一段就出现这样的内容：The deserts, which already occupy approximately a fourth of the Earth's land surface, have in recent decades been increasing at an alarming pace. The expansion of desert-like conditions into areas where they did not previously exist is called desertification. 首先对沙漠的现状进行了描述，紧接着就赶紧扣题下定义，告诉我们什么是沙漠化。现象交代完了之后，出题段的第三段就迅速展开了原因的描述，我们发现第三段和第五段开头分别是这样的：Even in the areas that retain a soil cover, the reduction of vegetation typically results in the loss of the soil's ability to absorb substantial quantities of water. 以及There is little doubt, however, that desertification in most areas results primarily from human activities rather than natural processes.这样就交代了两个原因，分别是loss of vegetation和soil’s ability to absorb water. 同学们读到这里就要开始有预判断了，预料下面是否开始说一些其他的原因呢?带着这样的疑问去看，发现第六段说的是：Four specific activities have been identified as major contributors to the desertification processes: overcultivation, overgrazing, firewood gathering, and overirrigation. 第九段针对overirrigation展开论述。果然是另外的沙漠化的原因，接着第十段就是对沙漠化的前景进行展望。至此整篇文章的结构就很清楚了。了解了文章的结构对于接下来的文章会有预判断，读起来就会前后连贯，会有效减少文章阅读的心理难度。

第二种文章结构是分类，最典型的例子就是aggression。开头第一段交代了When one animal attacks another, it engages in the most obvious example of aggressive behavior. Psychologists have adopted several approaches to understanding aggressive behavior in people. 于是我们大概知道文章是对aggression的研究方法进行阐述，果然文章非常清楚地用黑体字标注出了三种研究方法，分别是The Biological Approach和The Psychodynamic Approach以及The Cognitive Approach.至此文章结构一目了然，我们很清楚知道文章分成了三个部分，每一部分之间是并列关系。最为典型的是artisan and industrialization. 整篇文章也是分为了两个部分，前两段都在说手工作坊时代的生产方法，从第三段开始介绍机器大工业生产的情况以及带来的工人罢工。虽然整篇文章共有6段，但是我们如果可以判断出文章的结构就可以轻易地将文章分为两个部分，而且两部分之间还是比较对比的关系，就将一篇长文章读短了，降低阅读难度。

最后一种文章结构是问题解决方法型，典型文章是Depletion of the Ogallala Aquifer，前四段介绍了Ogallala含水层的发现以及使用过度带来的问题，后两段就开始介绍治理的方法。这种文章的结构不如因果类的明显，但是也可以通过这样的思路将文章前后串起来，降低阅读难度。

当然，随着官方真题Official的不断更新，越来越多的文章结构开始出现，比如时间顺序，或者一篇文章中出现多种文章结构杂糅，无论是何种样貌出现，同学们都要能够将作者的写作思路找出来，将文章展现的散落一地的珍珠串成更易于佩戴的珍珠项链。这样在做题目的时候就更加成竹在胸，也会觉得眼前的文章不再冗长地让人烦躁。

托福阅读真题1

PASSAGE 23

Although only 1 person in 20 in the Colonial period lived in a city, the cities had a disproportionate influence on the development of North America. They were at the cutting edge of social change. It was in the cities that the elements that can be associated with modern capitalism first appeared — the use of money and commercial paper in place of barter, open competition in place of social deference and hierarchy, with an attendant rise in social disorder, and the appearance of factories using coat or water power in place of independent craftspeople working with hand tools. The cities predicted the future, wrote historian Gary. B. Nash, even though they were but overgrown villages compared to the great urban centers of Europe, the Middle East and China.

Except for Boston, whose population stabilized at about 16,000 in 1760, cities grew by exponential leaps through the eighteenth century. In the fifteen years prior to the outbreak of the War for independence in 1775, more than 200,000 immigrants arrived on North American shores. This meant that a population the size of Boston was arriving every year, and most of it flowed into the port cities in the Northeast. Philadelphia's population nearly doubted in those years, reaching about 30,000 in 1774, New York grew at almost the same rate, reaching about 25,000 by 1775.

The quality of the hinterland dictated the pace of growth of the cities. The land surrounding Boston had always been poor farm country, and by the mid-eighteenth century it was virtually stripped of its timber. The available farmland was occupied, there was little in the region beyond the city to attract immigrants. New York and Philadelphia, by contrast, served a rich and fertile hinterland laced with navigable watercourses. Scots, Irish, and Germans landed in these cities and followed the rivers inland. The regions around the cities of New York and Philadelphia became the breadbaskets of North America, sending grain not only to other colonies but also to England and southern Europe, where crippling droughts in the late 1760's created a whole new market.

1. Which of the following aspects of North America in the eighteenth century does the passage

mainly discuss?

(A) The effects of war on the growth of cities

(B) The growth and influence of cities

(D) The causes of immigration to cities

2. Why does the author say that the cities had a disproportionate influence on the development

of North America (lines 1-2)?

(A) The influence of the cities was mostly negative

(B) The populations of the cities were small, but their influence was great.

(D) Most people pretended to live in cities

3. The phrase in place of in lines 4-5 is closest in meaning to

(A) connected to

(B) in addition to

(D) instead of

4. The word attendant in line 6 is closest in meaning to

(A) avoidable

(B) accompanying

(D) unexpected

5. Which of the following is mentioned as an element of modern capitalism?

(A) Open competition

(B) Social deference

(D) Independent craftspeople

6. It can be inferred that in comparison with North American cities, cities in Europe, the Middle

East, and China had

(A) large populations

(B) little independence

(D) few power sources

7. The phrase exponential leaps in line 12 is closest in meaning to

(A) long wars

(B) new laws

(D) exciting changes

8. The word it in line 15 refers to

(A) population

(B) size

(D) Year

9. How many immigrants arrived in North America between 1760 and 1775?

(A) About 16,000

(B) About 25,000

(D) More than 200,000

10. The word dictated in line 18 is closest in meaning to

(A) spoiled

(B) reduced

(D) divided

11. The word virtually in line 20 is closest in meaning to

(A) usually

(B) hardly

(D) almost completely

12. The region surrounding New York and Philadelphia is contrasted with the region surrounding

Boston in terms of

(A) quality of farmland

(B) origin of immigrants

(D) type of grain grown

13. Why does the author describe the regions around the cities of New York and Philadelphia as

breadbaskets?

(A) They produced grain especially for making bread.

(B) They stored large quantities of grain during periods of drought

(D) They consumed more grain than all the other regions of North America.

答案：BBDBA ACADC DAC

托福阅读真题100篇原文+题目2

PASSAGE 24

The spectacular aurora light displays that appear in Earth's atmosphere around the north and south magnetic poles were once mysterious phenomena. Now, scientists have data from satellites and ground-based observations from which we know that the aurora brilliance is an immense electrical discharge similar to that occurring in a neon sign.

To understand the cause of auroras, first picture the Earth enclosed by its magnetosphere, a huge region created by the Earth's magnetic field. Outside the magnetosphere, blasting toward the earth is the solar wind, a swiftly moving plasma of ionized gases with its own magnetic filed. Charged particles in this solar wind speed earthward along the solar wind's magnetic lines of force with a spiraling motion. The Earth's magnetosphere is a barrier to the solar winds, and forces the charged particles of the solar wind to flow around the magnetosphere itself. But in the polar regions, the magnetic lines of force of the Earth and of the solar wind bunch together. Here many of the solar wind's charged particles break through the magnetosphere and enter Earth's magnetic field. They then spiral back and forth between the Earth's magnetic poles very rapidly. In the polar regions, electrons from the solar wind ionize and excite the atoms and molecules of the upper atmosphere, causing them to emit aurora radiations of visible light.

The colors of an aurora depend on the atoms emitting them. The dominant greenish white light comes from low energy excitation of oxygen atoms. During huge magnetic storms oxygen atoms also undergo high energy excitation and emit crimson light. Excited nitrogen atoms contribute bands of color varying from blue to violet. Viewed from outer space, auroras can be seen as dimly glowing belts wrapped around each of the Earth's magnetic poles. Each aurora hangs like a curtain of light stretching over the polar regions and into the higher latitudes. When the solar flares that result in magnetic storms and aurora activity are very intense, aurora displays may extend as far as the southern regions of the United States.

Studies of auroras have given physicists new information about the behavior of plasmas, which has helped to explain the nature of outer space and is being applied in attempts to harness energy from the fusion of atoms.

1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) The methods used to observe auroras from outer space

(B) The formation and appearance of auroras around the Earth's poles

(D) The periodic variation in the display of auroras

2. The word phenomena in line 2 is closest in meaning to

(A) ideas

(B) stars

(D) colors

3. The word picture in line 5 is closest in meaning to

(A) frame

(B) imagine

(D) explain

4. The passage describes the magnetosphere as a barrier (line 10) because

(A) its position makes it difficult to be observed from Earth

(B) it prevents particles from the solar wind from easily entering Earth's atmosphere

(D) it is strongest in the polar regions

5. The word them in line 16 refers to

(A) polar regions

(B) electrons

(D) aurora radiations

6. According to the passage , which color appears most frequently in an aurora display?

(A) greenish-white

(B) crimson

(D) violet

7. The word emit in line 20 is closest in meaning to

(A) change from

(B) connect with

(D) give off

8. The word glowing in line 22 is closest in meaning to

(A) shining

(B) moving

(D) hanging

9. Auroras may be seen in the southern regions of the United Sates when

(A) magnetic storms do not affect Earth

(B) solar flares are very intense

(D) the excitation of atoms is low

10. The passage supports which of the following statements about scientists'n derstanding of

auroras?

(A) Before advances in technology, including satellites, scientists knew little about auroras.

(B) New knowledge about the fusion of atoms allowed scientists to learn more about auroras.

(D) Until scientists learn more about plasma physics, little knowledge about auroras will be available.

11. Which of the following terms is defined in the passage ?

(A) magnetosphere (line 6)

(B) electrons (line 15)

(D) fusion (line 29)

BCBBC ADABA A

托福阅读真题100篇原文+题目3

PASSAGE 25

The history of clinical nutrition, or the study of the relationship between health and how the body takes in and utilizes food substances, can be divided into four distinct eras: the first began in the nineteenth century and extended into the early twentieth century when it was recognized for the first time that food contained constituents that were essential for human function and that different foods provided different amounts of these essential agents. Near the end of this era, research studies demonstrated that rapid weight loss was associated with nitrogen imbalance and could only be rectified by providing adequate dietary protein associated with certain foods.

The second era was initiated in the early decades of the twentieth century and might be called the vitamin period. Vitamins came to be recognized in foods, and deficiency syndromes were described. As vitamins became recognized as essential food constituents necessary for health, it became tempting to suggest that every disease and condition for which there had been no previous effective treatment might be responsive to vitamin therapy. At that point in time, medical schools started to become more interested in having their curricula integrate nutritional concepts into the basic sciences. Much of the focus of this education was on the recognition of vitamin deficiency symptoms. Herein lay the beginning of what ultimately turned from ignorance to denial of the value of nutritional therapies in medicine. Reckless claims were made for effects of vitamins that went far beyond what could actually be achieved from the use of them.

In the third era of nutritional history in the early 1950's to mid-1960s, vitamin therapy began to fall into disrepute. Concomitant with this, nutrition education in medical schools also became less popular. It was just a decade before this that many drug companies had found their vitamin sales skyrocketing and were quick to supply practicing physicians with generous samples of vitamins and literature extolling the virtue of supplementation for a variety of health-related conditions. Expectations as to the success of vitamins in disease control were exaggerated. As is known in retrospect, vitamin and mineral therapies are much less effective when applied to health-crisis conditions than when applied to long-term problems of undernutrition that lead to chronic health problems.

1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) The effects of vitamins on the human body

(B) The history of food preferences from the nineteenth century to the present

(D) Nutritional practices of the nineteenth century

2. It can be inferred from the passage that which of the following discoveries was made during the first era in the history of nutrition?

(A) Protein was recognized as an essential component of diet.

(B) Vitamins were synthesized from foods.

(D) Certain foods were found to be harmful to good health.

3. The word tempting in line 12 is closest in meaning to

(A) necessary

(B) attractive

(D) correct

4. It can be inferred from the passage that medical schools began to teach concepts of nutrition

in order to

(A) convince medical doctors to participate in research studies on nutrition

(B) encourage medical doctors to apply concepts of nutrition in the treatment of disease

(D) support the creation of artificial vitamins

5. The word Reckless in line 18 is closest in meaning to

(A) recorded

(B) irresponsible

(D) urgent

6. The word 'them in line 19 refers to

(A) therapies

(B) claims

(D) vitamins

7. Why did vitamin therapy begin losing favor in the 1950's

(A) The public lost interest in vitamins.

(B) Medical schools stopped teaching nutritional concepts.

(D) Claims for the effectiveness of vitamin therapy were seen to be exaggerated.

8. The phrase concomitant with in line 21 is closest in meaning to

(A) in conjunction with

(B) prior to

(D) in regard to

9. The word skyrocketing in line 23 is closest in meaning to

(A) internationally popular

(B) increasing rapidly

(D) surprising

10. The word extolling in line 24 is closest in meaning to

(A) analyzing

(B) questioning

(D) promising

11. The paragraph following the passage most probably discusses

(A) the fourth era of nutrition history

(B) problems associated with undernutrition

(D) why nutrition education lost its appeal

PASSAGE 25 CABBB DDABC A

托福阅读文章结构划分最全解读

篇2：托福阅读文章结构划分最全解读

托福阅读文章结构划分最全解读

在官方指南当中，ETS给出了托福阅读的常见四种结构，下面我们就来分别看一看：

托福阅读：指代题型举例分析

无论是OG还是Delta，都把阅读的题目分成十类，即：Understanding Facts and Details, Identifying Negative Facts, Locating Referents, Understanding Vocabulary in Context, Making Inferences, Determining Purposes, Recognizing Paraphrases(Simplifying sentences), Recognizing Coherence(Sentence inserting), Summarizing Important Ideas and Organizing information.

还有很重要的一点，做题的时候，无论考试还是练习，不光要分析对的选项为什么对，更要分析错的选项为什么错。有时候分析错误的原因更为重要。有助于你把握出题的思路，培养感觉。这是非常有用的。

三、指代定位

顾名思义，这种题是要问考生文中的代词具体指代的是什么丁冬，说专业点叫做先行词antecedent.基本可以分为四类。第一是人称代词或者物主代词，如I，you，our，mine;第二类是从句中的引导词，如what，which，who;第三类是指示代词，this，that(包括其指示的名词，如问this reason， that purpose之类的);第四类是其他的代词，all，most，some，many，the former，the latter之类。代词需要遵循的首要原则是就近原则。从前面找离它较近的那个词。找到以后把意义代回到原句中看合适不合适就可以了。OG还特别强调了，注意先行词和代词必须人称、单复数一致。总体来说这种题难度都不大。

用OG上的几个例子说明：

先行词，先行词，顾名思义，一般应该在代词前面。根据就近原则就找出来postal service.代回去看看合适不合适，A，distribution有65个office;B销售有65个office，C报纸有65个office，D，邮政服务有65个office.其他几个都太荒诞了。这种题难度相对不大，也就不多说了。

托福阅读真题1

Often enough the craft worker's place of employment in ancient Greece was set in rural isolation. Potter, for instance, found it convenient to locate their workshops near their source of clay, regardless of its relation to the center of settlement. At Corinth and Athens, however, two of the best-known potters' quarters were situated on the cities' outskirts, and potters and makers of terra-cotta figurines were also established well within the city of Athens itself. The techniques of pottery manufacture had evolved well before the Greek period, but marked stylistic developments occurred in shape and in decoration, for example, in the interplay of black and other glazes with the red surface of the fired pot. Athenian black-figure and red-figure decoration, which emphasized human figures rather than animal images, was adopted between 630 and 530 B.C.; its distinctive color and luster were the result of the skillful adjustments of the kiln's temperature during an extended three-stage period if firing the clayware. Whether it was the potters or the vase-painters who initiated changes in firing is unclear, the functions of making and decorating were usually divided between them, but neither group can have been so specialized that they did not share in the concerns of the other.

The broad utility of terra-cotta was such that workers in clay could generally afford to confine themselves to either decorated ware and housewares like cooking pots and storage jars or building materials like roof tiles and drainpipes. Some sixth- and fifth-century B.C. Athenian pottery establishments are known to have concentrated on a limited range of fine ware, but a rural pottery establishment on the island of Thasos produced many types of pottery and roof tiles too, presumably to meet local demand. Molds were used to create particular effects for some products, such as relief-decorated vessels and figurines; for other products such as roof tiles, which were in some quantity, they were used to facilitate mass production. There were also a number of poor-quality figurines and painted pots produced in quantity by easy, inexpensive means — as numerous featureless statuettes and unattractive cases testify.

1. The passage mainly discusses ancient Greek pottery and its

(A) production techniques

(B) similarity to other crafts

(D) resemblance to earlier pottery

2. The phrase regardless of in line 3 is closest in meaning to

(A) as a result of

(B) no matter what

(D) according to

3. It can be inferred from the passage that most pottery establishments in ancient Greece were

situated

(A) in city centers

(B) on the outskirts of cities

(D) near other potters' workshops

4. The word marked in line 7 is closest in meaning to

(A) original

(B) attractive

(D) patterned

5. The word confine in line 17 is closest in meaning to

(A) adapt

(B) train

(D) organize

6. It can be inferred from the passage that terra-cotta had which of the following advantages

(A) It did not break during the firing process.

(B) It was less expensive than other available materials.

(D) It could be used for many purposes.

7. The word presumably in line 21 is closest in meaning to

(A) frequently

(B) practically

(D) probably

8. The word they in line 24 refers to

(A) molds

(B) particular effects

(D) vessels and figurines

9. According to the passage , all of the following are true of ancient Greek potters and vase

painters EXCEPT:

(A) Their functions were so specialized that they lacked common concerns.

(B) They sometimes produced inferior ware.

(D) They decorated many of their works with human images.

PASSAGE 57 ABCCC DDAA

托福阅读真题2

PASSAGE 58

Hunting is at best a precarious way of procuring food, even when the diet is supplemented with seeds and fruits. Not long after the last Ice Age, around 7,000 B.C. (during the Neolithic period), some hunters and gatherers began to rely chiefly on agriculture for their sustenance. Others continued the old pastoral and nomadic ways. Indeed, agriculture itself evolved over the course of time, and Neolithic peoples had long known how to grow crops. The real transformation of human life occurred when huge numbers of people began to rely primarily and permanently on the grain they grew and the animals they domesticated.

Agriculture made possible a more stable and secure life. With it Neolithic peoples flourished, fashioning an energetic, creative era. They were responsible for many fundamental inventions and innovations that the modern world takes for granted. First, obviously, is systematic agriculture — that is, the reliance of Neolithic peoples on agriculture as their primary, not merely subsidiary, source of food.

Thus they developed the primary economic activity of the entire ancient world and the basis of all modern life. With the settled routine of Neolithic farmers came the evolution of towns and eventually cities. Neolithic farmers usually raised more food than they could consume, and their surpluses permitted larger, healthier populations. Population growth in turn created an even greater reliance on settled farming, as only systematic agriculture could sustain the increased numbers of people. Since surpluses of food could also be bartered for other commodities, the Neolithic era witnessed the beginnings of large-scale exchange of goods. In time the increasing complexity of Neolithic societies led to the development of writing, prompted by the need to keep records and later by the urge to chronicle experiences, learning, and beliefs.

The transition to settled life also had a profound impact on the family. The shared needs and pressures that encourage extended-family ties are less prominent in settled than in nomadic societies. Bonds to the extended family weakened. In towns and cities, the nuclear family was more dependent on its immediate neighbors than on kinfolk.

1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) Why many human societies are dependent on agriculture

(B) the changes agriculture brought to human life

(D) Why the first agricultural societies failed

2. The word precarious in line 1 is closest in meaning to

(A) uncertain

(B) humble

(D) unusual

3. The author mentions seeds and fruits in line 2 as examples of

(A) the first crops cultivated by early agricultural societies

(B) foods eaten by hunters and gatherers as a secondary food source

(D) the most common foods cultivated by early agricultural societies

4. The word settled in line 15 is closest in meaning to

(A) advanced

(B) original

(D) stable

5. According to the passage , agricultural societies produced larger human populations because

agriculture

(A) created more varieties of food

(B) created food surpluses

(D) encouraged bartering

6. According to the passage , all of the following led to the development of writing EXCEPT the

(A) need to keep records

(B) desire to write down beliefs

(D) growth of social complexity

7. The word chronicle in line 23 is closest in meaning to

(A) repeat

(B) exchange

(D) describe

8. According to the passage , how did the shift to agricultural societies impact people's family

relationships?

(A) The extended family became less important.

(B) Immediate neighbors often became family members.

(D) Family members began to wok together to raise food.

9. The author mentions all of the following as results of the shift to agricultural societies EXCEPT

(A) an increase in invention and innovation

(B) emergence of towns and cities

(D) a decrease in warfare

10. Which of the following is true about the human diet prior to the Neolithic period?

(A) It consisted mainly of agricultural products

(B) It varied according to family size.

(D) It was transformed when large numbers of people no longer depended on the grain they grew

themselves.

PASSAGE 58 BABDB CDADC

托福阅读文章结构划分最全解读

篇3：最全解读托福阅读文章结构分类

最全解读托福阅读文章结构分类

很多考托福的学生经常觉得托福阅读的文章读起来枯燥无味，感觉每个句子之间关系都不大，读着后面就忘记了前面。其实托福阅读文章是有套路可循的，今天我们就来看看托福阅读的文章到底是怎么展开的，也好让我们对阅读的文章有个预判断。

在官方指南当中，ETS给出了托福阅读的常见四种结构，下面我们就来分别看一看：

词汇是托福阅读的唯一基础

1、一定要扩大词汇量。词汇是做一切英语阅读的基础，就如同造房子如果说句型结构是房梁，那么词汇就是盖房子的砖块。特别是对于托福这样的考试，很多参与IBT考试的同学也是有出国读书的打算的因此多了解词汇对学生日后出国尽快适应国外大学的课文和学科内容也是有好处的。很多同学觉得托福阅读有难度，细细了解一下其实也就是有一连串的单词不懂，因此影响了对整篇文章的理解。

2、个人并不赞成题海战术，考好IBT需要用心准备但不能仅仅是做大量阅读。而是在于做完每篇文章后自己究竟得到了什么?这很重要。但考生无须担心，因为南京新东方IBT老师会为学员做针对性的总结，把每次考试积累下来的读题和答题经验传授给大家，让大家在阅读的道路上提高速度，少走弯路。新东方老师们给托福学员的考试TIPS： 1.考试采取早签早考原则，所以对于害怕听力部分受到别人影响的同学尽量早到考场排队，早点开考。不过如果过早的话，就很难在厕所偷听口语题了。 2.一进考场在阅读之前就要调试话筒。捕获晚来的同学在其他同学开考阅读的时候调试话筒，会有些影响，一定要集中注意力;

3.每个人开始的时间不一样，所以具体休息的时间不一样，具体休息时间是在听力结束以后。

4.休息的时候就要缠住监考老师，因为上厕所原则上要求一个人回来，下一个人才能去，所以缠住老师为了让他会记住你，这样就会让你先出去，否则要等很长时间;

5.虽然每个人开始的时间不一样，但是各部分可以答题的时间是固定的，不要跨去做题，顺序是阅读、听力、口语、作文;

6.写完作文之后问你是否提交本次成绩，不要点错，否则就白考了。

7.中间根本没有时间吃东西，考试之前要吃饱。考下来很累，接近虚脱状态。

8.很多同学发现北美或者其他地区的已经考过的IBT考题在大陆地区有重复，甚至有位同学发现10月6号新加坡的新托福考试和10月8号大陆地区一模一样。我们姑且保守的猜测ETS在全球的考试时间排的时很满的，但是分配到每个国家，时间就分散了。所以请大家要注意观察机经，可能为我们的成功再增添一份筹码。

托福考试八种基本阅读策略

在新托福阅读部分最后的冲刺阶段，我们所需要做的事情有三件。第一件事情就是每天读3篇文章，保持相应的语感;第二件事情就是要加强对每一种题型特点和解答方法的熟练掌握;第三件事情就是熟练掌握下面的八种基本阅读策略。

Preview

花上一分钟的时间做以下三件事情：

浏览文章的题目和第一段内容;

阅读文章之后的每一段的内容;