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篇1：新概念英语第四册第47课:The great escape
Lesson 47 The great escape大逃亡
First listen and then answer the following quesion.听录音，然后回答以下问题。
What is one of the features of modern camping where nationality is concerned?
Economy is one powerful motive for camping, since after the initial outlay upon equipment, or through hiring it, the total expense can be far less than the cost of hotels. But, contrary to a popular assumption, it is far from being the only one, or even the greatest. The man who manoeuvres carelessly into his twenty pounds' worth of space at one of Europe's myriad permanent sites may find himself bumping a Bentley. More likely, Ford Escort will be hub to hub with Renault or Mercedes, but rarely with bicycles made for two.
图省钱是露营的一个主要动机，因为除了开始时购置或是租借一套露营装备外，总费用算起来要比住旅馆开支少得多。但是，和一般的看法相反，这决非是仅有的， 甚至不是最主要的动机。如果一位游客漫不经心地驾车驶入欧洲无数常年营地之一，花20镑租用一个空位，那么他可能会碰见一辆本特利汽车，更可能会望见一辆 福特.康索尔或一辆雷诺或一辆梅塞迪斯并排停放着，不过双人自行车则不容易看到。
That the equipment of modern camping becomes yearly more sophisticated is an entertaining paradox for the cynic, a brighter promise for the hopeful traveler who has sworn to get away from it all. It also provides-and some student sociologist might care to base his thesis upon the phenomenon -- an escape of another kind. The modern traveller is often a man who dislikes the Splendide and the Bellavista, not because he cannot afford, or shuns their material comforts. but because he is afford of them. Affluent he may be, but he is by no means sure what to tip the doorman or the chambermaid. Master in his own house, he has little idea of when to say boo to a maitre d'hotel.
现代露营装备一年比一年讲究，这对那些厌世嫉俗者来说是一件有趣的自相矛盾的事情。而对于发誓用露营来摆脱烦恼的人来说，却带来了更光明的前景。学社会学 的大学生来露营是另一种形式的摆脱现实，他们的目的很可能是根据观察到的露营现象去写论文。现代露营旅游的人往往讨厌在“斯普兰迪德”和“贝拉维斯塔”这 样的大酒店，这并不是因为他们付不起钱，也不是为了躲避物质享受，而是因为他们害怕酒店。他们可能很富有，但给看门人和房间女服务叫多少小费，心中却根本 没有数；他们在家可能是主人，但不知道什么时候才能对酒店的经理表示不满。
From all such fears camping releases him. Granted, a snobbery of camping itself, based upon equipment and techniques, already exists; but it is of a kind that, if he meets it, he can readily understand and deal with. There is no superior 'they' in the shape of managements and hotel hierarchies to darken his holiday days.
露营便人们免除了这些忧虑。诚然，露营地本身也存在以露营装备和方式取人的势利现象，但如果有这种情况，露营者也容易理解，知道如何对付，但在露营地里根本不会有管人的“人上人”和酒店里的等级制度来种露营者的假日过得阴郁低沉。
To such motives, yet another must be added. The contemporary phenomenon of car worship is to be explained not least by the sense of independence and freedom that ownership entails. To this pleasure camping gives an exquisite refinement.
除上以动机外，还应加上一个。当前崇拜汽车现象可以用与所有权相伴的独立和自由意识来解释。因此开车去露营会给这种快乐意识增加一种优雅意境。
From one's own front door to home or foreign hills or sands and back again, everything is to hand. Not only are the means of arriving at the holiday paradise entirely within one's own command and keeping, but the means of escape from holiday hel (if the beach proves too crowded, the local weather too inclement) are there, outside -- or, as likely, part of -- the tent.
从自己的家门出发到国内国外的山区或沙滩上露营然后返回，一切都很便利。完全在自己掌握之中的私人汽车不仅是到达假日天堂的工具，而且也是逃离假日地狱（如海滩太挤，当地天气恶劣）方便工具，因为汽车就停在帐篷外面，或者汽车本身可能就是露营帐篷的一个组成部分。
Idealists have objected to the package tour, that the traveller abroad thereby denies himself the opportunity of getting to know the people of the country visited. Insularity and self-containment, it is argued, go hand in hand. The opinion does not survive experience of a popular Continental camping place. Holiday hotels tend to cater for one nationality of visitors especially, sometimes exclusively. Camping sites, by contrast, are highly cosmopolitan. Granted, a preponderance of Germans is a characteristic that seems common to most Mediterranean sites; but as yet there is no overwhelmingly specialized patronage. Notices forbidding the open-air drying of clothes, or the use of water points for car washing, or those inviting 'our camping friends' to a dance or a boat trip are printed not only in French or Italian or Spanish, but also in English, German and Dutch. At meal times the odour of sauerkraut vies with that of garlic. The Frenchman's breakfast coffee competes with the Englishman's bacon and eggs.
理想主义者像反对旅行社安排一切的一揽子旅游一样反对露营的作法，说这种封闭的作法使到国外旅游者失去了了解所去国家人民的机会。他们争论说，心胸狭窄和 自我封闭是并存的。但这种说法在受人欢迎的欧洲露营地是站不住脚的。假日旅馆有只接待来自一个国家的旅游者的倾向，有时会达到排他的程度。而露营驻地则相 反，是高度世界性的。在大多数地中海露营地里，德国人占优势似乎是个普遍现象，确实如此，但并没有特别的优待。禁止露天晒衣服、禁止用水龙头冲洗汽车的布 告和邀请露营朋友参加舞会、乘船观光的招贴不仅印志法语、意大利语、西班牙语，而且也印成英语、德语、荷兰语。用饭的时候，德国泡菜味和大蒜味争相散发， 法国人的早点咖啡和英国人的咸肉煎蛋竞相比美。
Whether the remarkable growth of organized camping means the eventual death of the more independent kind is hard to say. Municipalities naturally want to secure the campers' site fees and other custom. Police are wary of itinerants who cannot be traced to a recognized camp boundary or to four walls. But most probably it will all depend upon campers themselves: how many heath fires they cause; how much litter they leave; in short, whether or not they wholly alienate landowners and those who live in the countryside. Only good scouting is likely to preserve the freedoms so dear to the heart of the eternal Boy Scout.
有组织的露营活动的明显发展是否意味着较独立的自我封闭式露营的最终消失，还很难说。市政当局当然希望获得露营者的场地费和其他光临的好处，警察则对那些 查不出有固定营地或住处的游荡者保持警惕。但最重要的或许是露营者自己，即他们引起了多少场野火，留下了多少垃圾。总之，他们是否弄得土地的主人和乡间的 居民同他们反目。只有优良的童子军活动才能保持不朽的童子军所衷心热爱的各项自由。
New words and expressions 生词和短语
assumption
n. 假定
manoeuvre
v. （驱车）移动
myriad
adj. 无数的
paradox
n. 自相矛盾的呈
cynic
n. 愤世嫉俗者
sociologist
n. 社会学家
shun
v. 避开
affluent
adj. 富有的
chambermaid
n. 女招待员
boo
b. 呸的一声
maitre d'hotel
n. [法语]总管
snobbery
n. 势利
hierarchy
n. 等级制度
entail
v. 便成为必要
inclement
adj. 险恶的
package tour
由旅行社安排一切的一揽子诱游
insularity
n. 偏狭
cater
v. 迎合
exclusively
adv. 排他地
cosmopolitan
adj. 世界的
preponderance
n. 优势
overwhelmingly
adv. 以压倒优势地，清一色地
patronage
n. 恩惠，惠顾
sauerkraut
n. 泡菜
vie
v. 竞争
municipality
n. 市政当局
itinerant
n. 巡回者
heath
v. 荒地
alienate
v. 便疏远
eternal
adj. 永久的
Notes on the text课文注释
1 it is far from...,远不是……。
2 twenty pounds' worth of space，价值20磅的空地，其中worth是名词。
3 hub to hub with，车轴与……车轴相接。
4 the Splendide and the Bellavista，两大酒店的名字。
5 say boo to a maitre d'hotel，对酒店的经理表示不满。say boo to a maitre d'hotel，是从not say boo to a goose(非常胆小，不敢得罪)演变而来的。在这个成语中，a goose 常被人们幽默地换成其他字眼。
6 Granted,...but...（虽然……但是……）这种句型中的Granted总放在句首，意思是Yes,相当于一个连接副词的作用。
7 in the shape of,以……形式出现的。
8 be to hand，垂手可得。
9 cater for，迎合……。
10 be wary of，提放……。
11 Boy Scout，童子军。
Lesson 47 课后练习和答案Exercises and Answer
篇2：新概念英语第二册第47课:A thirsty ghost
Lesson 47 A thirsty ghost嗜酒的鬼魂
First listen and then answer the question.听录音，然后回答以下问题。
What evidence is there of a ghost?
A public house which was recently bought by Mr.Ian Thompson is up for sale. Mr.Thompson is going to sell it because it is haunted. He told me that he could not go to sleep one night because he heard a strange noise coming from the bar. The next morning, he found that the doors had been blocked by chairs and the furniture had been moved. Though Mr.Thompson had turned the lights off before he went to bed, they were on in the morning. He also said that he had found five empty whisky bottles which the ghost must have drunk the night before. When I suggested that some villagers must have come in for a free drink, Mr.Thompson shook his head. The villagers have told him that they will not accept the pub even if he gives it away.
参考译文
伊恩.汤普森先生最近才买的一个小酒店现在又要卖出去。汤普森先生之所以想卖它，是因为那里常闹鬼。他告诉我有天夜里他怎么也睡不着，因为他听到酒吧里传 来一阵奇怪的响声。第二天早上，他发现酒吧间的门被椅子堵上了，家具也被挪动过。虽然汤普森临睡觉时把灯关了，但早晨灯却都亮着。他还说他发现了5只空的 威士忌瓶子，肯定是鬼魂昨天晚上喝的。当我暗示说一定是村里有些人来喝不花钱的酒时，汤普森先生摇了摇头。村里的人已经告诉他，即使他把小酒店白送人，他们也不要。
New words and Expressions生词和短语
thirsty
adj. 贪杯的
ghost
n. 鬼魂
haunt
v. （鬼）来访，闹鬼
block
v. 堵
furniture
n. 家具
whisky
n. 威士忌酒
suggest
v. 暗示
shake
v. 摇动
accept
v. 接受
Lesson 47 自学导读First things first
课文详注 Further notes on the text1．A public house which was recently bought by Mr. Ian Thompson is up for sale. 伊恩·汤普森先生最近才买的一个小酒店现在又要卖出去。
（1）在英国英语中，public house指酒馆、酒店，口语中往往缩略为pub：
I had lunch at a village pub.
我在一家乡村小酒店吃了午饭。
（2）up for sale表示“供新概念”，up为形容词，含义为“已提出的”、“供……的”。
2．He told me that he could not go to sleep one night because he heard a strange noise coming from the bar. 他告诉我有天夜里他怎么也睡不着，因为他听到酒吧里传来一阵奇怪的响声。
（1）从that一直到句尾都是told的直接宾语，其中because引导的原因状语从句说明为什么睡不着的原因。
（2）coming为现在分词，它引导的短语修饰noise，为宾语补足语。它也可以变为从句结构：a strange noise that came from the bar。在一些表示感觉的动词如see，hear，feel，watch，notice 等之后，往往用宾语+宾语补足语这个结构，其宾语补足语既可以是不定式（通常不加to），也可以是现在分词，两者在意义上区别不大，现在分词表示动作正在 发生，不定式则表示动作发生了：
I heard someone knocking at the door.
我听到有人正敲门。
I heard you sing this song yesterday.
昨天我听到你唱这支歌。
（3）bar为酒吧或酒店中卖酒的柜台。
3．…they were on in the morning.……早晨灯都亮着。
on为形容词，表示“开着的”、“接通的”，其反义词为off：
When he arrived home, he found that all the lights were on/ off.
他到家时发现所有的灯都亮着／关着。
Is the TV on? I thought I had turned it off.
电视机是开着的吗？我以为我把它关掉了。
4．He also said that he had found five empty whisky bottles which the ghost must have drunk the night before. 他还说他发现了5只空的威士忌酒瓶子，这肯定是鬼魂头天晚上喝的。
（1）由于是对已发生的事表示推测，因此must后面要用完成时。
（2）that引导的为间接引语，因此时间状语要变动。直接引语中的时间状语为 last night，转述时变成了 the night before。其他时间状语的变化有：now→then，two days ago→two days before/ earlier，today→that day，tonight→that night，tomorrow→the next/ following day，last night→the night before等。
5．…they will not accept the pub even if he gives it away.……即使他把小酒店白送人，他们也不要。
（1）连词 even if表示“即使”，它引导的让步状语从句含有很强的假定性：
I won't have dinner with him even if he pays for it.
即使是他付钱我也不和他一起吃饭。
（2）give away是个固定短语，其含义之一是“赠送”、“免费给予”：
He gave all his books away to the library.
他把他所有的书都赠给了图书馆。
语法 Grammar in use
复习第36～45课部分语法
在第36～45课的语法中，我们学习了用 going to表示意图、打算或不久即将发生的事；学习了用将来完成时表示到将来某一时刻已经完成的动作；学习了与过去完成时经常连用的连词no sooner…than，hardly… when以及 before；学习了间接疑问句、第2类条件句；学习了表示“必要”、“不必要”的情态助动词must，have（got）to和need；学习了 have+ 名词代替普通动词，can与 be able to的区别和过去完成时中的被动语态。注意以下句子：
Are you going to visit Old Delhi?
你打算去旧德里旅游吗？
I would if I could, but I can't afford it.
如果可能我会去的，但我花不起这笔钱。（第2类条件句）
Did you speak to the manager?
你和经理谈话了吗？
He didn't come, so I didn't have to speak to him after all.
他没来，所以我终究没有必要和他谈。（ have to用于过去时表示必要）
I've called a taxi.
我叫了一辆出租车。
You needn't have done that! I'd already called one.
你其实用不着叫！我已叫了一辆了。（need表示必要）
He had no sooner returned than he bought a house.
他刚一回来便买下了一幢房子。（no sooner…than用于过去完成时）
By the end of next year, they will have finished work on the new stadium.
到明年年底，他们将把新体育场建成。（将来完成时，by引导的时间状语常与它连用）
He asked if/ whether Mr. Gilbert' s operation had been successful.
他问吉尔伯特先生的手术是否成功。（间接疑问句）
We had a long walk through one of the markets of Old Delhi.
我们穿过旧德里的一个市场时走了很长一段路。（had a walk = walked）
The plane was then able to rise.
于是飞机可以上升了。（表示成功地完成过去某一动作时只能用 be able to，不用 could）
The wallet had been wrapped up in newspaper and it contained half the money he had lost.
钱包是用报纸包着的，里面有他丢失的钱的一半。（过去完成时中的被动语态）
词汇学习Word study
1．suggest vt.
（1）暗示，（间接地）表明：
I suggested that some villagers must have come in for a free drink.
我暗示说一定是村里有些人来喝不花钱的酒了。
His silence suggested that he knew something about the man.
他的沉默表明他对此人略有所知。
（2）建议，提议：
Who suggested that idea to you?
谁向你提的这个主意？
I suggest that we meet at the restaurant.
我提议我们在饭馆见面。
I suggest meeting at the restaurant.
我提议在饭馆见面。
2．shake
（1）vt., vi. 摇，摇动，抖动：
Mr. Thompson shook his head.
汤普森先生摇了摇头。
Why did you shake the tree?
你为什么摇那树？
His hands appear to be shaking.
他的手看上去在发抖。
（2）vt. 同……握手：
Dan shook hands with him.
丹和他握了手。
Dan shook him by the hand／shook his hand. （译文同上）
Lesson 47 课后练习和答案Exercises and Answer
篇3：新概念英语第四册第7课:Bats
Lesson 7 Bats蝙蝠
First listen and then answer the following question.听录音，然后回答以下问题。
In what way does echo-location in bats play an utilitarian role?
Not all sounds made by animals serve as language, and we have only to turn to that extraordinary discovery of echo-location in bats to see a case in which the voice plays a strictly utilitarian role.
动物发出的声音不都是用作语言交际。我们只要看一看蝙蝠回声定位这一极不寻常的发现，就可以探究一下声音在什么情况下有绝对的实用价值。
To get a full appreciation of what this means we must turn first to some recent human inventions. Everyone knows that if he shouts in the vicinity of a wall or a mountainside, an echo will come back. The further off this solid obstruction, the longer time will elapse for the return of the echo. A sound made by tapping on the hull of a ship will be reflected from the sea bottom, and by measuring the time interval between the taps and the receipt of the echoes, the depth of the sea at that point can be calculated. So was born the echo-sounding apparatus, now in general use in ships. Every solid object will reflect a sound, varying according to the size and nature of the object. A shoal of fish will do this. So it is a comparatively simple step from locating the sea bottom to locating a shoal of fish. With experience, and with improved apparatus, it is now possible not only to locate a shoal but to tell if it is herring, cod, or other well-known fish, by the pattern of its echo.
要透彻理解这句话的意义，我们应先回顾一下人类最近的几项发明。大家都知道，在墙壁或山腰附近发出的喊声，就会听到回声。固体障碍物越远。回声返回所用时 间就越长。敲打船体所发了的声音会从海底传回来，测出回声间隔的时间，便可算出该处海洋的深度。这样就产生了目前各种船舶上普遍应用的回声探测仪。任何固 体者反射声音，反射的声音因物体的大小和性质的不同而不同。鱼群也反射声音。从测定海深到测定鱼群，这一进展比较容易。根据经验和改进了的仪器，不仅能够 确定鱼群的位置，而且可以根据鱼群回声的特点分辨出是鲱鱼、鳕鱼，这是人们所熟悉的其他鱼。
It has been found that certain bats emit squeaks and by receiving the echoes, they can locate and steer clear of obstacles -- or locate flying insects on which they feed. This echo-location in bats is often compared with radar, the principle of which is similar.
人们发现，某些蝙蝠能发出尖叫声，并能通过回声来确定并躲开障碍物，或找到它们赖以为生的昆虫。蝙蝠这种回声定位常常可与雷达相比较，其原理是相似的。
New words and expressions生词和短语
bat
n. 蝙蝠
strictly
adv. 明确地
utilitarian
adj.实用的
appreciation
n. 理解
elapse
v. 障碍物
hull
n. 消逝
interval
n. 船体
receipt
n. 间隔
apparatus
n. 收到
shoal
n. 仪器
herring
n. 鱼群
cod
n. 鳕鱼
squeak
n. 尖叫声
Notes on the text课文注释
1 Not all sounds made by animals serve as language,动物发出的声音不全是作语言交流。此句采用了部分否定，既不是否定所有的动物，而只是一部分。serve as,作...之用。
2 turn to,求助于。
3 play a role in,在...方面起作用。
4 in the vicinity of,在...的附近。
5 So was born the echo-sounding appararus,就这样诞生了回声探测仪。这是一个倒装句，主要是为了避免因主语过长而使全句失去平衡，同时也为了使apparatus的定语now in general use in ships紧挨着名词。in general use,普遍使用。
6 steer clear of,避开。
Lesson 7 课后练习和答案Exercises and Answer
篇4：新概念英语第四册第24课:Beauty
Lesson 24 Beatuy美
First listen and then answer the following question.听录音，然后回答以下问题。
What do glimpses of beauty, either in nature or art, often suggest to the human mind?
A young man sees a sunset and, unable to understand or to express the emotion that it rouses in him, concludes that it must be the gateway to world that lies beyond. It is difficult for any of us in moments of intense aesthetic experience to resist the suggestion that we are catching a glimpse of a light that shines down to us from a different realm of existence, different and, because the experience is intensely moving, in some way higher. And, though the gleams blind and dazzle, yet do they convey a hint of beauty and serenity greater than we have known or imagined. Greater too than we can describe; for language, which was invented to convey the meanings of this world, cannot readily be fitted to the uses of another.
一个年轻人看到日落，由于无法理解和表达日落在他心中唤起的激情，便得出结论：日落处想必是通往遥远世界的大门。无论是谁，在强烈感受到美的时刻，心中都 不禁油生一种遐想：我们似乎瞥见从另一个世界射向我们的一线光芒，那个世界不仅不同于我们这个世界，而且由于美感的强烈感染，在某些方面比我们这个世界更 美好。虽然这光芒令人眼花缭乱，但它确实给予我们一种不曾经历和无法想象的美感和静谧的启示。这种美感和静谧是我们无法描述的，因为我们发明的语言是用来 描述这个世界的含义，不能随便拿来去描述另一个世界。
That all great has this power of suggesting a world beyond is undeniable. In some moods, Nature shares it. There is no sky in June so blue that it does not point forward to a bluer, no sunset so beautiful that it does not waken the vision of a greater beauty, a vision which passes before it is fully glimpsed, and in passing leaves and indefinable longing and regret. But, if this world is not merely a bad joke, life a vulgar flare amid the cool radiance of the stars, and existence an empty laugh braying across the mysteries; if these intimations of a something behind and beyond are not evil humour born of indigestion, or whimsies sent by the devil to mock and madden us. if, in a word, beauty means something, yet we must not seek to interpret the meaning. If we glimpse the unutterable, it is unwise to try to utter it, nor should we seek to invest with significance that which we cannot grasp. Beauty in terms of our human meanings is meaningless.
不可否认，一切伟大的艺术都具有使人遐想到进入天外世界的魅力。在某种状态下，大自然也有这种魅力。六月蔚蓝的天空总使人遥想一个更加蔚蓝的苍穹；美丽的 落日总会引起一个更加绚丽的景象未及饱览便一闪即逝，并在消逝中给人留下不可名状的渴望和惆怅。如果这个世界不只是一个拙劣的恶作剧，如果人生不只是群星 寒光中平凡的一闪，如果存在不只是对神秘事物的一种空虚的笑声，如果某种玄妙事物的暗示不是消化不良引起的邪恶情绪，也不是魔鬼为了捉弄我们，使我们发狂 而送给我们的邪念，一句话，如果美有某种意义的话，我闪千万不要去阐明它的意义。如果我瞥见了只可意会不可言传的事物，企图把它说出来，那上不明智的；对 于我们不理解的事物，我们也不应该去赋予它某种意义。用对我们人类有意义的词解释美是没有意义的。
New words and expressions 生词和短语
intense
adj. 强烈的
aesthetic
adj. 审美的
realm
n. 世界
serenity
n. 静谧
undeniable
adj. 不可否认的
indefinable
adj. 模糊不清的
vulgar
adj.平庸的
radiance
n. 发光
intimation
n. 暗示
unutterable
adj. 不可言传的
invest
v. 赋予
Notes on the text课文注释
1 in moments of intense acsthetic experience, 在感受到强烈美的时候。
2 in some way higher, in some way 是“某种程度上”的意思，higher与前面的different and 是并列的，作realm of existence的定语。
3 yet do they convey a hint of beauty,其中的do起强调作用，放在主语之前更具有强调的意义。
4 In some moods Nature shares it.在某种状态下，大自然也具有这种力量。it 是指前面一句中 this power of suggesting a world beyond。
Lesson 24 课后练习和答案Exercises and Answer
篇5：新概念英语第四册第27课:The ‘Vasa’
Lesson 27 The 'Vasa'“瓦萨”号
First listen and then answer the following question.听录音，然后回答以下问题。
What happened to the 'Vasa' almost immediately after she was launched?
From the seventeenth-century empire of Sweden, the story of a galleon that sank at the start of her maiden voyage in 1628 must be one of the strangest tales of the sea. For nearly three and a half centuries she lay at the bottom of Stockholm harbour until her discovery in 1956. This was the Vasa, royal flagship of the great imperial fleet.
1628年，一艘大帆船在处女航时就沉没了，这个从容不迫7世纪瑞典帝国流传至今的故事无疑是航海史上最离奇的事件之一。这艘大船在斯德哥尔摩港口的海底躺了将近几年来个世纪之后，直到1956年才被发现。这就是“瓦萨”号，帝国大舰的皇家旗舰。
King Gustavus Adolphus, 'The Northern Hurricane', then at the height of his military success in the Thirty Years' War, had dictated her measurements and armament. Triple gun-decks mounted sixty-four bronze cannon. She was intended to play a leading role in the growing might of Sweden.
当时号称“北方飓风”的国王古斯夫斯.阿道尔弗正处在“三十年战争”的军事鼎盛阶段，他亲自规定了这艘船的规模和武器配备。3层的火炮甲板上装着眼点4门青铜加农炮，目的就是要在不断增长的瑞典势力中起主导作用。
As she was prepared of her maiden voyage on August 10, 1628, Stockholm was in a ferment. From the Skeppsbron and surrounding islands the people watched this thing of beauty begin to spread her sails and catch the wind. They had laboured for three years to produce this floating work of art; she was more richly carved and ornamented than any previous ship. The high stern castle was a riot of carved gods, demons, knights, kings, warriors, mermaids, cherubs; and zoomorphic animal shapes ablaze with rea and gold and blue, symbols of courage, power, and cruelty, were portrayed to stir the imaginations of the superstitious sailors of the day.
1628年8月10日，“瓦萨”号准备首航时，斯德哥尔摩一片欢腾。人们从斯开波斯布朗和周围的岛屿前来观着这艘美丽的战船扬帆起航，乘风前进。瑞典人辛 辛苦苦干了3年才建成这件水上艺术品，它比以往任何船只雕刻得都更加精美，装饰得都更加华丽。高耸的船楼上雕刻了令人眼花缭乱的神仙、妖魔、骑士、国王、 武士、美人鱼和小天使，还有用红色、金黄色、蓝色绘制的光彩夺目的兽形图案，象征着勇敢、力量和残暴，以激起汉时崇尚迷信的水手们的想像。
Then the cannons of the anchored warships thundered a salute to which the Vasa fired in reply. As the emerged from her drifting cloud of gun smoke with the water churned to foam beneath her bow, her flags colour, she presented a more majestic spectacle than Stockholmers had ever seen before. All gun-ports were open and the muzzles peeped wickedly from them.
这时，停泊在港口的其他战船向“瓦萨”号鸣炮致礼，“瓦萨”号也鸣炮回礼。当“瓦萨”号从弥漫的礼炮烟云中出现时，船头下浪花加溅，舰旗迎风招展，三角旗 随风飘动，微风鼓起风帆，金碧辉煌的船楼闪耀着灿烂的色彩。“瓦萨”号展现的壮观景象是斯德哥尔摩人从未见过的。船上的炮眼开着，炮口虎视眈眈地向外窥视着。
As the wind freshened there came a sudden squall and the ship made a strange movement, listing to port. The Ordnance Officer ordered all the port cannon to be heaved to starboard to counteract the list, but the steepening angle of the decks increased. Then the sound of rumbling thunder reached the watchers on the shore, as cargo, ballast, ammunition and 400 people went sliding and crashing down to the port side of the steeply listing ship. The lower gun-ports were now below water and the inrush sealed the ship's fate. In that first glorious hour, the mighty Vasa, which was intended to rule the Baltic, sank with all flags flying-in the harbour of her birth.
当风力增强时，突然刮来一阵大风，“瓦萨”号奇怪地摇晃了一下，便向左舷倾斜。炮长命令把左舷上所有大炮搬到右舷上来以抵消船的倾斜，但甲板的倾斜度仍在 增加。当物口、压舱物、弹药和400个人轰地一声滑向陡斜的左舷时，岸上的观众听到了雷鸣般的轰响。下层炮眼已淹没在水里，涌进船舱的水给“瓦萨”号带来 了难以逃脱的厄运。就这样，想要统治波罗的海的大型战舰“瓦萨”号，在它壮丽的起航时刻，带着全身飘扬的彩旗，沉没在了它诞生的港口。
New words and expressions 生词和短语
galleon
n. 大型帆船
Stockholm
n. 斯德哥尔摩
flagship
n. 旗舰
imperial
adj. 帝国的
hurricane
n. 飓风
armament
n. 军械
triple
adj. 三层的
mount
v. 架有
bronze
n. 青铜
cannon
n. 加农炮
might
n.力量
ferment
n.激动不安
ornament
v.装饰
riot
n.丰富
demon
n.恶魔
mermaid
n.美人鱼
cherub
n.小人使
zoomorphic
adj.兽形的
ablaze
adj.光彩的
portray
v.绘制
drifting
adj.弥漫的
churn
v.翻滚
pennant
n.三角旗
superstructure
n.上部结构
majestic
adj.威严的
muzzle
n.炮口
freshen
v.变强
squall
n.狂风
list
v.倾斜
port
n.(船、飞机的)左舷
ordnance
n.军械
heave
v.拖
starboard
n.(船、飞机的)右舷
counteract
v.抵消
steepen
v.变得更陡峭
ballast
n.压舱物
inrush
n.水的涌入
Baltic
n.波罗的海
Notes on the text课文注释
1 the 'Vasa', “瓦萨号”战船。这艘船是以瑞典瓦萨王朝（1523-1654）创始人Gustavus Vasa的姓氏命名的。Gustavus Vasa（1496-1560）曾领导了发对丹麦统治的暴动，1523年出任国王，使瑞典成了一个独立、统一、富强的国家。
2 the Thirty Years War“三十年战争”。这是欧洲历史上的一场多国混战，具有政治和宗教色彩，是新教诸侯和天主教诸侯之间的连年战争（1618-1648），最后在1648年签定了威斯特伐利亚条约，以天主教诸侯失败而告终。
3 a riot of,许多...，主要指色彩丰富。
4 with the water churned...，her flags flying , pennans waving , sails filling...， and the red and gold ... ablaze... with最后5个独立主格结构，均作方式状语，修饰动词emerged。
Lesson 27 课后练习和答案Exercises and Answer
篇6：新概念英语第四册第46课:Hobbies
Lesson 46 Hobbies业余爱好
First listen and then answer the following question.听录音，然后回答以下问题。
Who, according to the author, are 'Fortune's favoured children'?
a gifted American psychologist has said, 'Worry is a spasm of the emotion; the mind catches hold of something and will not let it go.' It is useless to argue with the mind in this condition. The stronger the will, the more futile the task. One can only gently insinuate something else into its convulsive grasp. And if this something else is rightly chosen, if it really attended by the illumination of another field of interest, gradually, and often quite swiftly, the old undue grip relaxes and the process of recuperation and repair begins.
一位天才的美国心理学家曾经说过：“烦恼是感情的发作，此时脑子纠缠住了某种东西又不肯松手。”在这种情况下，你又和头脑争吵让它松手是无济于事的。这种 意志越是强烈，这种尝试越是徒劳。你只能缓和而巧纱地让另一种东西进入痉挛僵持的头脑中。如果选得合适，而且的确受到别的领域的情趣的启迪，那么渐渐地， 往往也是很顺利地，原先不适当的紧张就会松弛下来，恢复和修整的过程就会开始。
The cultivation of a hobby and new forms of interest is therefore a policy of the first importance to a public man. But this is not a business that can be undertaken in a day or swiftly improvised by a mere command of the will. The growth of alternative mental interests is a long process. The seeds must be carefully chosen; they must fall on good ground; they must be sedulously tended, if the vivifying fruits are to be at hand when needed.
因此，对一个从事社会活动的人来说，培养一种业余爱好和各种新的兴趣是关等重要的作法。但这并非一日之功，也不是单凭一蹴而就的事。精神上多种情趣的培养 是一个长期的过程。要想在需要的时候可随手摘取充满生机的果实，那就必然从选良种做起，然后将其植入肥沃的土地，还需要勤勉地护理。
To be really happy and really safe, one ought to have at least two or three hobbies, and they must all be real. It is no use starting late in life to say: 'I will take an interest in this or that.' Such an attempt only aggravates the strain of mental effort. A man may acquire great knowledge of topics unconnected with his daily work, and yet get hardly any benefit or relief. It is no use doing what you like; you have got to like what you do. Broadly speaking, human beings may be divided into three classes: those who are toiled to death, those who are worried to hard week's sweat and effort, the chance of playing a game of football or baseball or Saturday afternoon. It is no use inviting the politician or the professional or business man, who has beer working or worrying about serious things for six days, to work or worry about trifling things at the weekend.
一个人要想真正感到幸福和平安，至少应有两三种爱好，而且都比较实际。到了晚年才开始说：“我会对这些人或那个人发生兴趣”，已没有用了。这种愿望只能加 剧精神紧张。一个人可能会获得与其日常工作无关的某些课题的渊博知识，而没有从中得到什么实益或宽慰。干你所喜欢的事是没有用的，你喜欢你所干的事。泛泛 地说，人可以分为3类：劳累至死的人、忧虑至死的人、无聊至死的人。对于流汗出力干了一周苦活的体力劳动者来说，让他们在星期六下午再踢足球或打垒球是不 合适的；同样，对于为严肃的公务操劳或烦恼了6天的政界人士、专业人员、商人来说，在周未再让他们为琐事而动脑子和忧虑也是无益的。
As for the unfortunate people who can command everything they want, who can gratify every caprice and lay their hands on almost every object of desire -- for them a new pleasure, a new excitement if only an additional satiation. In vain they rush frantically round from place to place, trying to escape from avenging boredom by mere clatter and motion. For them discipline in one form or another is the most hopeful path.
至于那些能任意支配一切的“可怜的人”，他们能够恣意妄为，能染指一切追求的目标。对这种人来说，多一种新的乐趣、多一种新的刺激只是增加一分厌腻而已。 他们到处奔乱跑，企图以闲聊和乱窜来摆脱无聊对他们的报复，但这是徒劳的。对他们来说，用某种形式的纪律约束他们一下才能有希望使他们走上正道。
It may also be said that rational, industrious, useful human being are divided into two classes: first, one. Of these the former are the majority. They have their compensations. The long hours in the office or the factory bring with them as their reward, not only the means of sustenance, but a keen appetite for pleasure even in its simplest and most modest forms. But Fortune's of sustenance, but a keen appetite for pleasure even in its simplest and modest forms. But Fortune's favoured children belong to the second class. Their life is a natural harmony. For them the working hours are never long enough. Each day is a holiday, and ordinary holidays, when they come, are grudged as enforced as enforced interruptions in an absorbing vocation. Yet to both classes, the need of an alternative outlook, of a change of atmosphere, of a diversion of effort, is essential. Indeed, it may well be that those work is their pleasure are those who and most need the means of banishing it at intervals from their minds.
也可以这样说，理智的，勤劳的、有用的人可以分为两类：第一类是他分清工作是工作，娱乐是娱乐的人；第二类人的工作和娱乐是一回事。这两类人当中，第一类 人是大多数，他们能够得到补偿。在办公室或工厂里长时间工作给他们带来了酬劳，这不仅是谋生的手段，而且还带来了寻找乐趣的强烈欲望，那怕是最简单的、最 低等的乐趣。但是，命运之神的宠儿是第二类人，他们的生活是一种自然的和谐，对他们来说，工作时间总不会太长，每天都是假日，而通常的假期来到，他们却惋 惜这假期强制打断了他们埋头从事的工作。然而对这两种人来说，都需要换一换脑子，改变一下气氛，转移一下注意力，这是不可缺少的。说实在的，把工作当作享 受的那些人最需要每隔一段时间把工作从头脑中撇开。
New words and expressions 生词和短语
gifted
adj. 有天才的
psychologist
n. 心理学家
spasm
n. 一阵（感情）发作
futile
adj. 无用的
insinuate
v. 便潜入，暗示
convulsive
adj. 起痉挛的
illumination
n. 启发，照明
undue
adj. 不造当的
grip
n. 紧张
recuperation
n. 休息
improvise
v. 临时作成
sedulously
adv. 孜孜不倦地
vivify
v. 使生气勃勃
aggravate
v. 加剧
trifling
adj. 微小的
gratify
v. 便满意
caprice
n. 任性
satiation
n. 满足
frantically
adv. 狂乱地
avenge
v. 替…报复
boredom
n. 厌烦
clatter
n. 喧闹的谈话
sustenance
n. 生计
appetite
n. 欲望
grudge
v. 怨恨
absorbing
adj. 引人入胜的
banish
v. 排除，放弃
Notes on the text课文注释
1 catch hold of,抓住……；let…go,放掉……。
2 lay one's hands on,得到……，抓到……。
3 Fortune's favoured children中的Fortune是指“命运女神”。
