“你就是那个天地”通过精心收集,向本站投稿了7篇英语语法中的动词语态讲解,今天小编在这给大家整理后的英语语法中的动词语态讲解,我们一起来阅读吧!

篇1:英语语法一般动词过去式讲解
一般动词的过去时
3.2.1 一般动词过去时的构成
肯定句:主语 + 动词过去式...
否定句:主语 + did not + 动词原形...
疑问句:Did + 主语 + 动词原形...?
疑问代词/疑问副词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形...? (动词过去式的构成详见第7章动词概述7.3动词的基本形式)
3.2.2 一般动词过去时的肯定句
句型:主语 + 动词过去式...
一般动词的过去时由“主语 + 动词过去式”构成。一般动词的过去时没有人称和数的变化,因此主语即使是第三人称单数,也和其他人称一样变化:
I went to see a friend of mine.我去看了一个朋友。
At noon I had lunch with a friend of mine.中午我和一个朋友一块吃了午饭。
We talked about a lot of things.我们谈论了好多事情。
He answered almost all of my questions.他回答了我所有的问题。
注意不规则动词的拼写。熟记下述动词的原形和过去式:
read/ri:d/―read/red/
say/sei/―said/sed/
know―knew
put―put
go―went
get―got
have―had
see―saw
take―took
do―did
come―came
3.2.3 一般动词过去时的否定句
句型:主语 + did not + 动词原形...
一般动词过去时的否定句结构由“主语 + did not + 动词原形”构成,即在谓语动词(动词原形)前面加上did not/didn't(读作/′didnt/)。一般动词过去时的否定句无人称、数的变化:
He didn't go to school because he was ill.由于生病,他昨天没上学。
I didn't see Mr. Jones,but I saw John Smith.我没有看见琼斯先生,但我看到约翰・史密斯。
If you didn't like it you were wrong not to say so.如果你不喜欢它而不说出来,那你就不对了。
3.2.4 一般动词过去时的一般疑问句
句型: Did + 主语 + 动词原形...?
回答方式:Yes,主语 + did或动词的过去式...
No,主语 + did not + 动词原形...
一般动词过去时的一般疑问句是在主语前面加上助动词did(大写助动词did的第一个字母),在句尾加问号。一般动词过去时的一般疑问句无人称、数的变化:
Did you work all day? ―Yes,I worked from early morning until late at night./No,I only worked half of the day.你工作了一整天吗? ――是的,我从清早一直工作到深夜。/不,我只工作了半天。
Did you see Mr. Jones yesterday? ―No,I didn't see Mr. Jones,but I saw John Smith.昨天你看见琼斯先生了吗? ――没有,但我看到约翰・史密斯。
3.2.5 一般动词过去时的特殊疑问句
句型:疑问代词(主语) + 动词的过去式...?
疑问代词/疑问副词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形...?
一般动词过去时的特殊疑问句,都是以疑问代词或疑问副词开头,之后是“助动词did + 主语”,在句尾加问号。这种语序是主语和谓语倒装语序,和一般疑问句差不多(助动词did的第一个字母无需大写)。就主语提问时,如果主语是疑问代词或是带有疑问限定词的名词词组,将疑问代词或带有疑问限定词的名词词组置于谓语动词过去式之前,无需加助动词did,在句尾加问号;这种语序是陈述句语序:
Who told you that? 谁告诉你那件事的?
Who broke the window? 那窗户是谁打破的?
Who did you ask? 你问谁了? (就宾语提问)
Who did you stay with? 你和谁在一起了? (就宾语提问)
What time did you get to work yesterday? ―I left the house at 7o'clock and got to work at 8. 昨天早上你几点开始工作的? ――我7点钟离开家,8点钟开始工作。
Where did you go yesterday? ―I went to see a friend of mine.你昨天去哪里了? ――我去看了一位朋友。
When did that happen? 那事是在什么时候发生的?
比较一般动词的现在式和过去式,以go为例:
篇2:高考英语语法动词讲解
4.现在完成进行时
①用来表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在(或今后还要继续一去)的动作;
He has been doing the maths problems since 8:00.
②凡是不能用于现在进行时的动词均不能用于现成完成进行时。
5.一般过去时
①表达特定的过去时间内发生的动作或存在的状况,或过去某一时间内经常发生或反复发生的动作或为;
He often sang when he was a boy.
He went to the cinema last night with her boy friend.
②用于I didn’t know…或I forgot…,表示事先不知道或不记得,但现在已知道或记得的事情。
用于I didn’t know…或I forgot…,表示事先不知道或不记得,但现在已知道或记得的事情。
I didn’t know you were here.(现在已经知道)
Sorry, I forgot to bring my book.(“忘记带书”已成为过去的事了)
这一用法考生要特别注意。
注意:参看过去将来时的用法②。
6.过去进行时
①表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作(这一过去时间须用时间状语表示);
He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday.
②表示动作在另一过去动作发生时进行;
They were still working when I left.
③用在两个过去进行时动作同时发生;
I was writing while he was watching TV.
④过去计划、安排好的将来动作(只限于come, go, leave, arrive, start, move, sail, fly, travel, stay等);
He said she was arriving the next day.
⑤与always, forever, constantly, continually连用,表示赞赏或厌恶等感情色彩。
(参看现在进行时的用法④)
Comrade Lei Feng was always thinking of others never thinking of himself.
⑥过去进行时可用来描绘故事发行的背景。
The wind was blowing and it was raining hard.
7.过去完成时
①表示在过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作。
He had shut the door before the dog came up.
Everything had been all right up till this morning.
②表示动作或状态从过去某个时刻开始一直延续到另一个过去时刻才完成,甚至还要继续下去。At the age of ten,he had learned 500 English words.He had been ill for a week when we learned about it.
③过去未曾实现的意图、打算或希望(只限于think, want, plan, mean, intend, hope, expect, suppose,wish, want等动词)。
I had wanted to pay a visit to you yesterday, but the rain prevented me.
我本来想昨天拜访你的,但是下雨(让我不能来)。
注意:
▲过去完成时必须以过去某一时刻为基点,即“过去的过去”。因此只有在和过去某时或某动作相比较时才用到它;
▲before, after本身表示时间的“前”“后”明显,因此可用一般过去时代替过去完成时。
He (had) left before I arrived.
8.一般将来时
一般将来时有下列一些构成形式需要记住:
▲will/shall do (侧重将来行为,不突出计划安排去做某事)
▲be going to do (主观上打算或客观上可能发生)
▲be doing (按计划将要发生,常和表示最近的将来时间连用)
▲be about to do (按计划即将发生)
一般将来时的用法:
①现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态
Tom will come next week.
He will be here tomorrow.
②事物的固有属性或必然趋势
Oil will float in water.
Fish will die without water.
③对将来某个动作的安排、计划
He is going to speak on TV this evening.
9.将来完成时
用来表示在将来某个时刻(前)将完成的动作。常和by短语,when,before引起的时间状语连用。
We will have finished senior Book 2 by the end of this term.
10.过去将来时
①过去某一时刻后将要发生的过去动作或过去的意图打算(主要用于宾语从句中);
She was sure she would succeed.
I thought you would come.
把一般将来时中的助动词变成过去式,便成了过去将来时的表达形式。
②表示过去经常发生的动作。
When he was young, he would go swimming.
注意:would与used to的区别:would只表示过去,不涉及现在,而used to表示“过去常常”要与现在比较,即现在不是这样了。
11.要求一定时态的固定的句型
①was/were doing sth. when…did sth.(正在做某事,这时突然……)
I was reading a book when the bell rang.
②was/were about to do sth. when…did sth. (正要做某事,这时突然……)
We were about to leave when the telephone rang.
③It(This) is(will be ) the first/second/third…time+ that…
It’s the first time I’ve seen her.
We have been there three times.
如果句中有比较确定的时间状语,则服从时间状语的要求。
Last year I saw him many times.
④It is/has been… since…
It is (has been) two weeks since I came here.
She said it was five hours since she had finished her work.
⑤Hardly… when…No sooner… than…
Hardly had we got in the crops when it began to rain.
I had no sooner come into the room than the door was closed.
⑥It(This) is(will be ) the first/second/third…time+ that…
This is the first time I have been here.
It'll be the first time I've spoken in public.
III.被动语态的用法
被动语态表示句子的主语是动作的承受者,也就是动作的对象,一般说来只有及物动词才有被动语态。其构成为“be+及物动词的过去分词”。助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化,其变化规则与be作为连系动词时完全一样。含有情态动词的谓语变化为被动语态时,由“情态动词(can, may must, have to等)+be +动词的-ed形式。含有”be going to , be to, used to, be about to“等结构的复合谓语变为被动语态时,其构成为”be going to (be to, used to, be about to)+ be +动词的-ed形式"构成。
1.被动语态的适用范围

①当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者,或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。这时不用by短语。
This jacket is made of cotton. 这件上衣是棉料的。
②为了强调动作的承受者时
Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. 要求参观者不可触摸展品。
③出于策略、委婉、礼貌等不提出动作的执行者
You are said to be active recently. 据说你最近很活跃。
常用于如下句型:
It's not known that… ……不得而知 It's said that… 据说……
It's reported that… 据报道…… It's not decided that…尚未决定
It's believed that… 据认为…… It's announced that…据宣布……
篇3:英语语法be动词一般现在时讲解
where“在哪里”:
Where is he? ―He's upstairs/at home/in the office.他在哪里? ――他在楼上/在家里/在办公室。
Where are John and Tom? ―They are at school.约翰和汤姆在哪里? ――他们在学校。
how“怎样、如何”:
How is Helen? ―She is very well,thank you.海伦好吗? ――她很好,谢谢您。
How old is your son now? ―He is fifteen.你儿子多大年纪了? ――他15岁了。
How is the weather today? ―The weather is nice today.今天天气怎样? ――今天天气很好。
2.1.7 There is/are的用法
There is/are用于表示某物或某人的存在。
1.There is/are...的肯定句
句型:There is/are + 单数/复数名词 + 表示地点/场所的词或短语:
There's someone at the door to see you.门口有个人要见你。
Where there is a will,there is a way.有志者事竟成。
There's a cool breeze this evening.今晚有凉爽的微风。
There are many flowers in the garden. 园子里有很多花。
引导词 真正的主语 地点状语
There be结构为倒装句,真正的主语是There is/are后的名词,如上述例句。详见第25章倒装25.1完全倒装。有的辞典将There be结构中的There列为代词,作be的主语(参见《郎文当代高级英语辞典》)。
2.There is/are的否定句
句型:There is/are + not...
There is/are的否定句是在is/are后面加not:
There isn't going to be a party tonight.今晚没有聚会。
There aren't any cakes left.没有一点蛋糕剩下来。
3.There is/are的疑问句
一般疑问句句型:Is/Are there...?
There is/are的一般疑问句是将is/are调到there前面,大写is/are的第一个字母:
Is there anything you want to tell me? 你有什么事情想告诉我吗?
Are there enough tools to go round? 工具够大家用吗?
特殊疑问句句型:疑问副词 + 形容词 + 名词 + is/are + there...? There is/are~的特殊疑问句是以“疑问副词 + 形容词 + 名词等”开头,之后是“is/are + there? ”:
How much are there? 有多少?
How many rooms are there in each flat? 每套房子里有多少个房间?
How many students are there in your class? 你班上有多少名学生?
【注意】 There be结构中的谓语有时不用动词be,而用seem,appear等:
There appeared to be no one who could answer our inquiries.似乎没有人能回答我们的询问。
There appears to have been a nasty accident.似乎发生了一起严重事故。
There seems(to be)no doubt about it.此事似乎无可置疑。
There don't seem to be any missing.好像没有什么丢失了。
2.1.8 Here的句型
句型:Here is/are + 名词.
用于把某物给某人。主语为名词时,动词放在名词之前;主语为代词时,动词放在代词之后:
Here are two boys.这里有两个男孩。(名词之前)
Here is the book you want.你要的书在这里。
Here is the pound I owe you.这是我欠你的英镑。
Here they/we are! 他们/我们终于到了!(代词之后)
但是:
Here you are(it is).(=Here is what you asked for.)你所要的东西在这里。/你找的东西在这里。
此句型还可用于引起对某物或某人注意:
Here comes the manager.经理来了。
Here he comes.他来了。
篇4:英语语法be动词一般现在时讲解
2.1 be动词的一般现在时
be动词是系动词的一种,表示“……是……”的意思。现在式(The Present Forms)有am,is,are三种。这三种动词的原形是be,所以它们称为be动词。
2.1.1 be动词的现在式
be动词的现在式有am,is,are三种,分别接在不同人称的主语之后:
2.1.2 be动词句型的构成
肯定句:主语 + be动词(am/is/are)...
否定句:主语 + be动词(am/is/are) + not...
疑问句:be动词(am/is/are) + 主语...?
疑问代词/疑问副词 + be动词(am/is/are) + 主语...?
2.1.3 be动词的肯定句
句型:主语 + be动词...
be动词的肯定句由“主语 + be动词(am/is/are) + 表语”构成:
I am a doctor.我是一名医生。
Mary is at work.玛丽在工作。
He is very brilliant.他非常聪明。
It is a nice day.今天天气晴朗。
You are my only friend.你是我惟一的朋友。
They are students.他们是学生。
2.1.4 be动词的否定句
句型:主语 + be动词(am/is/are) + not...
be动词一般现在时的否定句结构,是在be动词am,is,are之后加not:
We aren't her classmates.我们不是她的同班同学。
I'm not Tom.我不是汤姆。(I'm是I am的缩写,读作/aim/。)
It's not a cat,but a dog.这不是猫,而是狗。
Things are not always what they seem(to be).事物并不总是与表象一致。
be动词否定句的缩写方式:
is not的缩写是isn't,读作/′iznt/;are not的缩写是aren't,读作/a:nt/;I am~的否定句是I am not~,缩写为I'm not~;am not不缩写在一起。
2.1.5 be动词的一般疑问句
句型:be动词 + 主语...?
回答方式:Yes,主语 + be动词(am/is/are)...
No,主语 + be动词(am/is/are) + not...
be动词的一般疑问句是将be动词置于主语之前(大写am/is/are的第一个字母),在句尾加问号;这种语序是主语和谓语倒装语序:
肯定句:They are fruit.它们是水果。
疑问句:Are they fruit? 它们是水果吗? (主语和谓语倒装)
肯定句:The book is on the table.书在桌子上。(主语和谓语倒装)
疑问句:Is the book on the table? 书是在桌子上吗?
回答由be动词构成的疑问句时,肯定要用Yes,否定用No:
Are you John's brother? ―Yes,I am.你是约翰的兄弟吗? ――是的,我是。
Are Mary and John still at school? ―No,they are not.玛丽和约翰仍在学校吗? ――不,不在了。
Are you there? 喂,你听着吗? (打电话时用)
【注意】 Yes或No的后面一定要加逗号,其后的主语小写,I(我)除外。I永远大写。在回答句子时,主语必须是代词。
2.1.6 be动词的特殊疑问句
句型:疑问代词(主语) + be动词(am/is/are)...?
疑问代词/疑问副词 + be动词(am/is/are) + 主语...?
用who和how等疑问代词或疑问副词与be动词构成的疑问句称为特殊疑问句。就主语提问时,如果主语是疑问代词或是带有疑问限定词的名词词组,如What number is...? (什么数字是……? ),Which boy likes...? (哪个男孩喜欢……? ),Whose car is...? (谁的车是……? )等,将疑问代词或带有疑问限定词的名词词组置于be动词之前(am,is,are的第一个字母无需大写),在句尾加问号;这种语序是陈述句语序。就表语提问时,则以一个疑问代词或疑问副词开头,之后是“be动词 + 主语...”(am,is,are的第一个字母无需大写),在句尾加问号;这种语序是主语和谓语倒装语序。be动词的特殊疑问句不能用Yes或No来回答:
who“谁”:
Who is there? 谁在那里? (就主语提问)
Who is she? ―She is my mother.她是谁? ――她是我母亲。(就表语提问)
Who are they? ―They are John’s classmates.他们是谁? ――他们是约翰的同学。
what(指某一或某种未知的事物或人)“什么”:
What are these? ―These are books.这些是什么? ――这些是书。
What are they? ―They are sailors.他们是干什么的? ――他们是海员。
What is Susan like? 苏珊是什么样的人? /苏珊的人品如何? (就介词宾语提问)
whose“谁的”:
Whose house is this? ―The house is Jane's.这是谁的房子? ――是简的房子。
Whose are these shoes? ―They are Tom's.这些是谁的鞋子? ――是汤姆的鞋子。
which“哪一个、哪一些”:
Which of these books is yours? 这些书中哪一本是你的?
Which is heavier,iron or copper? 铁和铜,哪一个更重?
篇5:高考英语语法动词讲解
动词的时态和语态
【考点分析】
1.对下列十种时态的考查:
一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时 现在进行时 过去进行时 现在完成时 现在完成进行时 过去完成时 将来完成时 过去将来时
2.既考查时态又考查语态;
3.考查动词的及物与不及物;
4.考查主动形式表示被动意义;
5.考查动词词组在被动语态中的介词问题;
6.对被动语态习惯句型的考查。
【知识点归纳】
I.动词时态和语态的构成形式
主动语态的构成
一般现在时一般过去时
do/does,( is/am/are )did,(was/were)
现在进行时过去进行时
is/am/are doingwas/were doing
现在完成时过去完成时
has/have donehad done
现在完成进行时过去完成进行时
has/have been doinghad been doing
一般将来时过去将来时
will/shall do
is/am/are going to do
is/am/are(about)to dowould/should do
was/were going to do
was/were(about)to do
被动语态的构成
一般现在时一般过去时
is/am/are donewas/were done
现在进行时过去进行时
is/am/are being donewas/were being done
现在完成时过去完成时
has/have been donehad been done
一般将来时过去将来时
will/shall be done
is/am/are going to be done
is/am/are(about)to be donewould/should be done
was/were going to be done
was/were(about)to be done
II.动词时态的用法
1.一般现在时
①一般现在时表示经常发生、习惯性动作、客观真理、科学事实、格言,目前的特征、状态、能力等;
②主句是一般将来时,时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来;
I’ll go there after I finish my work.
If it rains tomorrow,I won’t go there.
③在以here,there开头的句子里,go,come等少数动词的一般在时表示正在发生的动作;
There goes the bell.铃响了。There comes the bus.汽车来了。Here she comes.她来了。
注意:近几年,对一般现在时的考查常用过去时态或现在完成时态对考生进行干扰
Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across the open sea, which_____ the Pacific,and we met no storm.
A. was called B. is called C. had been called D. has been called
虽然航海发生在过去,但是,海洋的名称不会因此而变化,所以要用一般现在时。
2.现在进行时
①表示正在进行的动作;
②表示按计划安排即将发生的动作。
She is leaving for Beijing.她要去北京。
He is working as a teacher tomorrow.从明天起他要做老师。
My father is coming to see me this Saturday.这个星期六我爸爸要来看我。
③代替一般现在时,描绘更加生动。
The Changjiang River is flowing into the east.江水滚滚向东流。
The sun is rising in the east.太阳从东方冉冉升起。
④与always, forever, constantly, continually连用,表示赞赏或厌恶等感情色彩,但并非强调动作正在进行;
He is always helping others.他总是肯帮助他人。
She is always forgetting something.她老是忘记某些事情。
⑤大多数动词可用于进行时,但也有些动词不用于进行时。
常见的有:
▲感觉类:look, smell, feel, sound, taste, see, hear
▲情感类:like, love, prefer, admire, hate, fear
▲心态类:wish, hope, expect, want, need, believe, think, understand, agree, knowt
▲所有类:have, contain, won, hold, belong to等。
3.现在完成时
①表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果,或说话时已完成的动作;
I have finished the report./ She has cleaned the room.
②表示从过去开始,待续到现在的动作或状态,往往和“for...”, “since...”表述的一段时间状语连用;
He has learned English for six years./ They have worked here since they left college.
③表示“曾经到过某地(人已回来)”用“have/has been to”;
表示“到某地去了(还未回来)”用“have/has gone to”。
―Where is Li Hua? -He has gone to the reading-room.
―She knows a lot about Shanghai. -She has been there.
④在时间状语从句,条件状语从句或让步状语从句中表达将来某时已经完成的动作。
When you have learned English, you will find it a bridge to so much knowledge.
We’ll start at six if it has stopped raining by then.
注意:这里的现在完成时强调从句动作在主句动作之前完成, 如果两个动作同时或几乎同时发生, 则不必用完成时;试比较:
I’ll let you know as soon as I hear from her.
She will call you when she gets home.
⑤短暂动词(即瞬间动词),join,lose,buy,borrow,leave,go,come,arrive,die,marry, finish,complete,begin,start,
break out等,在完成时态中,其肯定式不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。
要译“他参军已经三年了”不能说:He has joined the army three years.可采用:
▲“ago法”:He joined the army three years ago.
▲“延续法”:He has been in the army for three years.
▲“since法”:It is/has been three years since he joined the army.
注意:没有包括“现在”在内或不是截至“现在”为止的时间状语不能与现在完成时连用, 但“in(over) the
past/last+时间段”要与现在完成时连用。
篇6:英语语法网情态动词讲解
一、Should 表示过去将来时,即从过去观点看将来要发生的是,多用于间接引语中。
We thought that we should never see you again. 我们想我们再也看不到你了。
The BBC weather report this morning said that we should have rain.今天早上,BBC电台天气报告说,今天有雨。
二、Should 表示义务、责任、常译为“应当”,“应该”,或表示一种估计的情况,译成“按理应当”,“估计......”。
Why should I pay him? 为什么我该付给他钱?
They should be there by now, I think. 我估计,他们现在到那儿了。
Should 用于完成时态,表示对过去发生的动作的一种推测,译成“应该已经......”。
You should have washed the wood. (But you haven't.) 你应该把伤口清洗了。(然而你没有)
三、Should 用于虚拟语气中。
(1)用于It is necessary (important, strange.。。that.。。)中,在美国英语中should 常省去。
It is important that we (should) learn English well. 我们学好英语很重要。
(2)用于It is ordered (suggested)that.。。中,而在美语中should常省去。
It is decided that we (should) finish our work in a week.决定我们要在一周之内完成我们的工作。
(3)用于表示命令、请求、建议、决定等词后面的宾语从句中,在美国英语中should常省去。
He wrote, suggesting that Mr. Wang (should) come to Beijing. 他信中建议王先生到北京来。
The commander ordered that the city (should) be taken in five days.司令员下令必须在五天之内占领这座城市。
(4)should用于表示命令、请求、建议、决定等词后面的表语从句,同位语从句中,在美国英语中should 常省去。
We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) go to Beijing for sightseeing.我们都同意他的意见,去北京观光。
My idea is that we (should) do exercises first. 我的意见是我们先做练习题。
(5)用于if引导的从句中,表示与将来事实可能相反的假设。
If it should rain tomorrow, we would stay home. 如果明天下雨,我们就呆在家里。
四、在条件状语从句中,should 表示“万一”,即可表示不能实现的假设,又可表示可以实现的假设。
If he should fail to come, ask Comrade Cheng to work in his place.万一他不来,就叫陈同志代替他的工作。
Should it rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off. 万一明天下雨,会议就延期。
五、在某些从句中,should 表示惊异、意外等情绪,常译为“竟然”。
It seems unfair that this should happen to me.真不公平,这件事竟然发生在我身上。
六、should 用于主句中,主语是第一人称,表示某一条件下所产生的必然结果,并与事实相反;当主语是第二、三人称时,表示说话人或执笔人的意志或看法。
If I met her, I should tell her about it. 如果我碰到他,我肯定会将此事告诉他。
If he had much money, he should buy it. 如果他有很多钱的话,我就让他买了。
七、当陈述部分含有ought to ,其反意疑问句部分,美国英语中用should . She ought to stay here, shouldn't her?她该留在这儿,是吗?
八、用于成语中 I should like to......“我想(做)......”
I should like to ask the teacher a question. = I should love to ask the teacher a question. 我想问老师一个问题。
篇7:英语语法网情态动词讲解
1. 三者都可表示“除外”,但 besides 表示一种累加关系,意指“除了什么之外,还有……”;而 except 或 but 则表示一种排除关系,意指“除了什么之外,不再有……”。如:
Besides his wife,his daughter also went to see him. 除他妻子外,他女儿也去看过他(即妻子女儿都去看过他)。
Nobody went to see him except [but] his wife. 除他妻子外,没有一个人看过他(即只有他妻子去看过他)。
注:在否定句中,besides 也表示“除……之外不再有…… ”,与but, except 同义。如:
No one passed the exam besides [except] Jim. 除吉姆外,没一个人通过考试。
2. 关于 but 与 except:
(1) 两者都可表示“除……外不再有……”,但含义上略有差别:but侧重指意义的几乎完整性,而 except 则侧重指后面除去的部分。比较:
All are here but one. 除一个人都到了。
All are here except one. 还有一个人没到。
(2) 在现代英语中,but 的介词用法十分有限,一般说来,它只能用在下列词语之后:
① no, no one, nobody, nothing, nowhere 等
② any, anyone, anybody, anything, anywhere 等
③ every, everyone, everybody, everything, everywhere 等
④ all, none 等
⑤ who, what, where 等
Everyone knows it but you. 除你之外大家都知道。
I haven't told anybody but you. 除你之外,我没告诉任何人。
No one but he [him] showed much interest in it. 除他之外没有一个人对此有很大兴趣。
一般说来,若没有出现上述词汇,就不宜使用介词 but,否则可能造成错句。但是 except 却没有以上限制。比较:
正:The window is never opened except in summer. 除夏天外,这扇窗户从不打开。
误:The window is never opened but in summer.
(3) but 一定不能用于句首,except 通常不用于句首:
除我之外每个人都累了。
正:Everyone is tired but (except) me.
正:Everyone but (except) me is tired.
误:But (Except) me, everyone is tired.
注:except for 可用于句首,表示 except 的意思:
正:Except for me, everyone is tired.
3. 关于 except 与 except for:
except 主要用来谈论同类的东西,而 except for 则主要用来谈论不同类的东西,有时含有惋惜之意。如:
All compositions are well written except yours. 除了你的作文外,其他的作文都写得很好。
His composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes. 他的作文写得不错,只是有几处拼写错误。
注:若用于句首,则 except for 与 except 同义(但 except 通常不用于句首)。
4. 关于 except for 与 but for:
except for 主要表示排除,but for 主要表示一种虚拟条件(与虚拟语气连用)。如:
Except for me, everyone passed the exam. 除了我之外,大家都通过了考试。
But for my help, she would not have passed the exam. 若不是我的帮助,她就不会通过考试。
But for the atmosphere plants would die. 如果没有大气,植物就会死亡。
5. besides 除用作介词外,还用作副词,其意为“此外”、“而且”,可用于分句句首(通常用逗号隔开)或句尾。如:
I don't want to go; besides, I'm too tired. 我不想去,而且我也太累了。
This car belongs to Smith, and he has two others besides. 这部车是史密斯的,此外他还有两部。









