“美元的报复”通过精心收集，向本站投稿了14篇硕士生英语毕业论文提纲，下面是小编为大家整理后的硕士生英语毕业论文提纲，仅供大家参考借鉴，希望大家喜欢!
篇1：硕士生英语毕业论文提纲
硕士生英语毕业论文提纲样本
英语论文提纲-英语硕士毕业论文提纲
Title: Analysis and Case Study of the risk management of Chinese State-owned Enterprises -- Non-financial enterprises view
Related Module: The author will choose the risk management strategy, operational management and corporate strategy modules.
Abstract:
Risk management is one kind of new management subject. Because theories of risk management are based on the United States commercial companies at the beginning; big gaps of cultures in east and west world as well as the huge differences between China’s state-owned companies background and commercial companies’, there are lots of differences between Chinese risk management, especially the state-owned companies, and western developed countries companies’ risk management. There are increasing number of researches regarding the risk management, however, only few researches is about the differences of the risks management in China and in other countries. These differences have already impacted the Chinese firms’ management and the risk management performances, such as risk identification and forecast.
This dissertation will discuss the differences of risk management in China’s state-owned enterprises and foreign companies first of all. Moreover, the author will try to explore the reasons of these differences and how these differences effect the Chinese national-owned companies’ operations and risk management performances. After that, the author will compare the differences of risk management process. Finally, the author will summary the China’s state-owned companies special features and try to provide some suggestions of amending the risk management tools in the state-owned companies. This dissertation will choose the China Aviation Oil (Singapore) corporation Ltd as the case of China state- owned company.
Section 1: the importance of the research topic(这个不要) and research background
Risk management is one kind of new management tools and conceptions in China, especially in China’s state-owned companies. The risk management entered into（不要） China just around 15 years ago (Xiaobo Wu, ). Like other management theories, totally copying the western developed countries’ risk management theories and experience does not work in China, particularly in some state-owned companies. Because the different cultures and special business circumstances as well as state-owned company’s special backgrounds, the risk management theories have to be amended according toChinese actual situations. In some state-owned companies, bankrupt just started from around 20 years ago and the state-owned companies never bankrupt at all before, because people believed the bankrupt only belonged to capitalist society. Moreover, the China’s state-owned enterprises received the orders from the government and sell the products to special target customers before 1980s. Any lost would be filled by the Chinese central government. While, the risk management researches, usually, are based on the firms, which develop in the competition business circumstances. Therefore, identifying the differences of the business environments, including macro and micro economics, seems to be very important for the risk management effectively using in China’s state-owned companies. Only clearly know the differences of the risk management, we can amend the risk management skills to suit Chinese actual business world. When we clearly know the differences of business environments in China and other developed countries, we can summary the Chinese risk management features.
Moreover, there are limited risk management researches in relation to China’s state-owned enterprises. Most of these limited research focused on the internal financial management or audit. The author prepares to compare the differences based on strategy level and fill this gap. At present, lots of Chinese state-owned firms hope to use the Chinese risk management system to control their risks, no matter on operational risks, politica
l risks or other risks. Many firms are still in risk management conception introduction stage. They wish to have effective risk management tools with low costs. From the research, the author will summary how the state-owned enterprises managers use the risk management tools to forecast and control the risks.
The author can use the risk management course knowledge to evaluate the current Chinese business environments and the advantages and weaknesses of the current risk management process and tools in state-owned enterprises. In addition, the author can use the marketing and strategy knowledge to analyze the Chinese risk management. Culture and social environment are the main sources to form these differences.
Section 2: research and dissertation aims
This dissertation’s goal is to find out the differences of the business environments of risk management between China’s state-owned companies and other developed countries’ firms and summary how Chinese national-owned companies’ managers forecast and control these risks by the amended risk management theories and tools.
In order to achieve this aim, the author has the following objectives.
Aim one: identify the China’s state-owned firms’ special business environment and background as well as some culture differences
Aim two: identify the Chinese state-owned firms’ successful risk management experience and some theories weaknesses which need to be amended
Aim three: summary the successful experience of China’s state-owned enterprises’ risk management and the amended risk management tools.
Section 3: Literature review
Corporate Strategy and Risk Management, which compile by The Chinese Institute of Certified Public Accountants, described the general risk management conceptions in China and some state-owned companies(概念重复吧！？). This book shows me the risks management general knowledge and some differences between Chinese risk management and foreign risk management. This book also introduces some knowledge in relation to the COSO intern-control framework. However, this book does not pay attention to the using of the kind of theories in practice, especially the risk management in China’s state-owned firms.
Coso report：Framework, which compiled by Committee of Sponsoring Organization of the Treadway Commission (COSO) is one of my major source of the risk management theory. This report describes the whole internal control theories and some conceptions. In order to control the internal risks effectively, there must be five supporting factors; Control environment, Risk assessment, Control Activities, information and Communication and Monitoring. This book assisted me with more internal control knowledge and stimulate my interesting to explore the Chinese internal controlling management. But, this report is just the principle of the risk management. How we can connect the risk management principles with the practice, particularly state-owned enterprise risk management seem to be discussed by the author.
Risk Management Can international journal was edited by Denis Smith, Dominic Elliott and Alan Irwin. This book gave me a general framework on how to analyze the Chinese risk management environment and the risk management differences among different countries. Moreover, some of the new risk management points in the state-owned firms gave me a lot of helps to understanding(去掉) the dissertation topic.
Corporate Risk Management, (Tong Merna and Faisal F.Al -Thani) showed me the risk management from corporate aspect. At the beginning, the risk management research focused on finance and insurance industries. There are some books using the finance and insurance industries experiences and research results to describe the corporate risk management, which lack of workableness for the companies. However, this book disclose the internal risk forecast, assessment, planning, monitoring and controlling aspects of the corporate risk management. It is also describe the risk management in corporate level
, strategic business level and project levels. This book stimulates my interesting in exploring Chinese national-owned companies risk management.
Here is a chinese book, called Thirty Years of China Business, gave me lots of assistance. This book showed me the Chinese state-owned companies reforming and development history after 1970s, including state-owned companies’ development history. The author used ty///picpanies and their managers in some special years to describe their successful experiences and their failure reasons. Because there is no special China’s state-owned enterprises development history books in China, the author will adopt some of this books points in the dissertation. In addition, the author will also summary some typical China’s state-owned companies’ common features in risk management.
Except the books mentioned above, www.51lunwen.org a number of studies have attempted to provide a clear picture of risk management. For instance, Gleason; wiliams and smith()focus on the facts and process of risk management. JerryMiccolis,RobertSchneier();JerryMiccolis,SamirShah(2000);Doherty(2000)study this issue from the aspect of risk management intergration. Belk and Glaum(1990); Mellor and Wan(1993); Switzer and Tang(); Ali Fatemi(2000)provide profound insights into the practice of risk management within the coporate sector. Yet, none have expain risk management differences between Chinese stated-owned enterprises and deveolped countries’ companies.
Section 4: Methodology
General speaking, the author will use my (什么意思啊！？加上own) research method----combine history research, statistics and data research and theory study together.
a)Secondary resources
1)Official reports and statistical data from the companies and outside of the companies
Because of the different owners of the data and different statistics approaches, I decide to use information and resources from inside of the companies and outside of them. Inside of the companies, that means data from companies, such as company annual report. Outside of the company, that means the data or reports from other worldwide organization or other countries’ statistics data, such as from IMF, WTO, OECD or other magazines’ reports.
2)Books and other research results
The author will use official magazines’ reports and some relevant books research results. Other scholars and people’s research results are also very important for my research. The author will mainly focus on English books and journals’ research results; However, because the author decided to use the China Aviation oil (Singapore) corporation Ltd as the case of Chinese national owned company, the author may use some Chinese reports or books’ researching results or data.
b)Research the typical historical events
The author will mention some mile-stone events in Chinese national-owned company’s development history and risk management in Chinese history, because the Chinese government play a critical role in Chinese national-owned companies’ development. These events also show us the importance of the Chinese government and the political risks.
c)Theory studies
The author will focus on some theories studies both on risk management and strategy management theories. I may use Geert Hofested’s five factors, such as Power distance, individualism, long term Orientation and Masculinity, to evaluate the difference of cultures between Chinese culture and American cultures in order to find the critical factors to influence the risk attitude.
Section 5: Detailed plan of research.
The author will use the following three approaches to obtain the relevant information.
First of all, the author will search for the relevant information from Internet. Although the Internet is academicals resources, the author can obtain some general ideas and other peoples’ comments regarding the risk management in state-owned firms. After all, the author has no working experience in the stated-ow
ned companies, especially in the risk management department. The internet can provide some general knowledge regarding the risk management and other relevant information in the state-owned companies, especially the China aviation Oil (Singapore) company.
Secondly, the author will read and adopt some ideas from some books and e-journals（去掉e-）. They are the main resources of this dissertation. Based on other scholars’ research results, the author can summary their points’ merits and weaknesses and build the author’s own theory. All the other people’s points and their ideas will be referred by the author in the dissertation.(会那么全面吗？建议去掉all) The author will obtain this kind of resources via the university library. However, some e-data（去掉e-） still need to be paid.
Finally , after searching the relevant information and data,the auther will start to write the dissertation. This dissertation will contain five parts: introduction, literature review, relevant theories analysis of risk management, case study of China aviation Oil (Singapore) company and conclusion.
The dissertation timetable:
Stage one: the author will collect information, including reviewing the dissertation structures and the theories. This stage will be finished in the middle of July.
Stage two: the author will start to write the dissertation and plan to finish the introduction, literature review and Chapter one. The totally words will be around 4000 words. This work will be finished at the beginning of August.
Stage three: the author will finish the first draft and send it to the professor to review it. This stage will be finish at the end of August. The author will amend the dissertation, after receiving the feedbacks from the tutor.
Stage four: the author will finish the whole dissertation and other relevant documents. Before the deadline, the author will double check the dissertation English（为何加一个english,不知道什么意思，删掉） and structures and then, print it and submit it.
Time line:
Figure 1 Dissertation time line
Section 6: Short statement on ethical considerations
First of all, during the research, the author will not discuss which culture is better or the managers’ personalities, although the managers personalities may influence the enterprises’ risk management. Moreover, the author will do （去掉）not discuss any political issues, especially evaluate the government behaviours.
Reference:
Xiaobo Wu, (2008), Thirty years of China business, page 178,China CITIC press, 2008
篇2：硕士生毕业论文提纲
一、本课题研究的主要内容、目的和意义：
本次课题研究中西方酒文化差异，主要研究对象为中、西方的果酒，本论文内容包括酒的历史，酒的构成，酒的品种及喝酒的礼仪等。其目的在于了解中西方酒的文化差异。加深人们对酒的了解，以及饮用的乐趣。
许多人常说，“喝酒伤身”，但这只是他们片面的理解。在古代就已经产生了所谓的药酒，以治疗疾病与调理身体机能闻名于当时的中国社会，但这并没有改变中国人对酒的那种根深蒂固的负面想法，而对于葡萄酒更是如此。虽然在我国古代的医学家很早就认识到葡萄酒的优异和对于疾病防治重要作用，但这并没有替葡萄酒洗清“冤屈”.
本次论文的主角就为葡萄酒,介绍中、西方各个国家从古到今，葡萄酒的发展、变化、文化以及葡萄酒对于人们的益处等等。
三、毕业论文详细提纲：
提 纲
一、绪论
(一)酒的主要种类：
(二)饮酒的益处：
(三)酒的传说(葡萄酒)
本文主要介绍葡萄酒。
二、葡萄酒
(一)葡萄酒的分类
(二)葡萄酒质量等级和品牌
(三)葡萄酒的储藏方法
(四)品尝与饮用葡萄酒的酒杯的选择
(五)解酒的方式
三、中西方比较说明
(一)传说
(二)原料
(三)酿制工艺
(四)分类品牌
(五)鉴赏方式
(六)储藏方法
(七)酒杯的选择
篇3：硕士生毕业论文提纲
民事共同行为是民事关系同一方复数主体之效力及于全部事实后果，但均不足以导致全部法律后果的同向行为。比较多数人损害同一主体的财产和人身的各类情况，可以得出结论：多数人之债除学界承认的按份关系、连带关系、共同之债关系、不真正连带关系、补充责任关系外，还包括不完全连带关系和不真正按份关系;且补充责任关系又有一般补充责任关系和特殊补充责任关系之分。在此基础上可以发展出多数人责任的一般理论。
一、民事共同行为概念
民事共同行为指民事领域中的共同行为。本文中的共同行为，均指民事共同行为。所谓民事领域，即平等主体之间的财产关系和人身关系，也就是民事关系，或者说民事法律关系。[1]现实生活中存在大量的民事共同行为，如共同购买、共同担保、共同创作、共同侵权，等等。民法学没有共同行为范畴，也没有共同行为定义。民法学论著也未见探讨共同行为的一般理论。
然而，民事关系一方的复数主体的复数行为，可能发生民事法律后果，可能不发生民事法律后果;可能发生同一性质的.民事法律后果(或均取得权利，或均承担义务)，可能发生不同性质的民事法律后果(部分主体取得权利，部分主体承担义务);可能发生同一性质民事法律后果的分配问题，可能不发生同一性质民事法律后果的分配问题。为公平分配多数人行为的法律后果，民法学应建立共同行为理论，明确共同行为的要件，确定共同行为法律后果的分配原则。共同行为理论也是多数人责任理论的基础。民法学至今未能建立多数人责任的一般理论，直接原因就是没有共同行为理论。共同行为必须具备以下条件。
1.复数行为
共同行为必然是复数行为，单数行为无所谓共同问题。
2.复数主体的行为
共同行为必须是复数主体的行为，同一主体的复数行为不发生在不同主体之间分配同一性质民事法律后果的问题。行为是意志的表示，复数主体的行为是复数主体各自意志的表示，是数个行为，非单个行为。
3.有民事效力
民法学提出共同行为概念，目的是分配法律后果。无民事效力的行为，不存在分配法律后果的问题，非共同行为。所谓民事效力，指变更(含延长、限制)或可能变更民事关系，包括：(1)变更民事关系，如设定、变更或终止权利;(2)行为完成时不变更民事关系，但如不撤回或撤销该行为，将变更民事关系，如遗嘱、非即时生效的要约和承诺;(3)延长民事关系的期限，如债务到期，债权人请求债务人给付，引起时效中断;(4)限制民事关系的期限，如限制行为能力人订立合同后，相对人催告其法定代理人，法定代理人在法定期限内未作表示，视为拒绝追认。
4.民事关系之同一方行为
共同行为之复数主体，均为民事关系之同一方。复数主体之行为可因内容同一而发生多方法律关系，如成立合伙，为复数行为。通说视内容同一的复数行为为单数行为(通称多方行为)，与事实不符。多方行为为复数行为，但非民事关系同一方之行为，非共同行为。
5.同向行为
民法学提出共同行为概念的目的，不是区分权利人和义务人，而是在法律关系同一方之复数权利人中分配权利，或者，同一方之复数义务人中分配义务。这意味着，共同行为分配之法律后果属同一性质，或均为权利，或均为义务。因此，共同行为必须同向，即行为人或均取得权利，或均承担义务。如分别发生权利义务，为逆向行为，非共同行为。
合同行为包括订约行为和履约行为。前者包括要约和承诺，后者包括给付和受领，均为复数行为。通说视合同行为为合同双方共同完成的单数行为(通称双方行为)，与事实不符，也无法区分各行为的效力。合同行为属复数行为，但各行为逆向，非共同行为。
希望上面的毕业论文提纲范文对大家有用。
知识扩展：编制论文提纲的方法
(1)拟定标题,即自己给论文起名字。它要求标题能传内容之神,名副其实,使读者看了一眼便知:论文所概括的全文主要内容。
(2)考虑构篇大小和顺序安排,既考虑全篇从哪几个方面,或按什么顺序展开、阐述基本论点(全文的逻辑结构框架);又逐个安排每个下位论点,再依次考虑每个段的安排,把准备使用的材料按构思的顺序标上序码并排列好,以备行文时使用。
(3)全面、反复地检查提纲,作必要的增、减或调整。
篇4：英语毕业论文提纲
英语毕业论文提纲模板范例
title
from a new woman to a victim
introduction
in china, the position of women becomes higher and higher, but discrimination and violence are existed all the same. there are a lot of women who have the same experience with desdemona. the intention of this study is to tell the importance of women’s independence in this modern society.
my attention was first directed to introduce desdemona and the good points of her character. this is because she is a new woman in the first two acts. then i put much attention on analyzing the reasons of her change. last i pointed out that women in modern society should learn from desdemona and try to be independent. however , the independence is not mean to stand against her husband or her father, but it means to find her own position in the society and establish a positive outlook on life. women should be independent not only from spirit, but also from finance.
outline
1 introduction
1.1 a brief introduction of othello
1.2 a particular introduction of desdemona as a new woman
2 the reasons of turning from a new woman to a victim
2.1 a deion of women’s position in the 16th of england
2.2 the influence of patriarchy-centered culture
2.3 desdemona’s own weakness of her character
3 the impact of desdemona on women in modern society.
3.1 social problems on women
3.2 the reasons why women should be independent
3.3 the new meaning of “independence”
3.4 what women should do if they want to be independent
3.3.1 from spirit
3.3.2 from finance
4 conclusion
theory guidance
1 feminism
2 freudian psychology
希望大家喜欢英语毕业论文提纲模板。
更多推荐：
xx毕业论文格式排版
篇5：英语毕业论文提纲
ⅰ title
from a new woman to a victim
ⅱ introduction
in china, the position of women becomes higher and higher, but discrimination and violence are existed all the same. there are a lot of women who have the same experience with desdemona. the intention of this study is to tell the importance of women’s independence in this modern society.
my attention was first directed to introduce desdemona and the good points of her character. this is because she is a new woman in the first two acts. then i put much attention on analyzing the reasons of her change. last i pointed out that women in modern society should learn from desdemona and try to be independent. however , the independence is not mean to stand against her husband or her father, but it means to find her own position in the society and establish a positive outlook on life. women should be independent not only from spirit, but also from finance.
ⅲ outline
1 introduction
1.1 a brief introduction of othello
1.2 a particular introduction of desdemona as a new woman
2 the reasons of turning from a new woman to a victim
2.1 a description of women’s position in the 16th of england
2.2 the influence of patriarchy-centered culture
3 the impact of desdemona on women in modern society.
3.1 social problems on women
3.2 the reasons why women should be independent
3.3 the new meaning of “independence”
3.4 what women should do if they want to be independent
3.3.1 from spirit
3.3.2 from finance
4 conclusion
ⅳ theory guidance
1 feminism
2 freudian psychology
希望大家喜欢英语毕业论文提纲模板。
更多推荐：
毕业论文格式排版
篇6：英语毕业论文提纲
英语毕业论文提纲范文一：
contents
introduction………………………………………………………………1
1.the common historical background……………………………………1
1.1 international………………………………………………………1
1.2 national…………………………………………………………1
2.the common beliefs of beats and rockers……………………………2
2.1 rebellion against conventions……………………………………2
2.1.1 beats in literature………………………………………………2
2.1.2 rockers in music circles………………………………………3
2.2 ideologies in between……………………………………………4
2.2.1 beatniks were fed up with their government about
the explanations of why things happened……………………4
2.2.2 their same destiny……………………………………………4
2.2.3 beat culture and rock culture were not accepted by
both capitalist and socialist ideologies………………………5
2.3 belief in oriental religion…………………………………………5
2.3.1 beatniks study on chinese buddhism…………………………6
2.3.2 rockers belief in indian buddhism……………………………6
3.their identical lifestyles………………………………………………6
3.1 bohemian…………………………………………………………7
3.1.1 beats…………………………………………………………7
3.1.2 rockers………………………………………………………7
3.2 madness…………………………………………………………8
3.2.1 the beats regarded modern american life as cruel, selfish,
and impersonal that writers and artists were being driven
to madness……………………………………………………8
3.2.2 rockers were mad enough to drive rockniks crazy on
rock circus spot………………………………………………9
3.3 self-indulgent……………………………………………………9
3.3.1 drugs…………………………………………………………9
3.3.2 homosexual…………………………………………………10
4. the same conduct……………………………………………………10
4.1 beats of satan and angles………………………………………10
4.2 rockers' conduct of the two sides………………………………11
conclusion………………………………………………………………13
英语毕业论文提纲范文二：
摘要：The thesis statement should be as specific as possible. By writing a specific thesis statement, you focus on your subject and give yourself and your reader a clearer idea of what will follow in the body of the essay.
your plan, and later in your essay, follow a logical order. The rule for writing is this: use your common sense and plan ahead. Do not leave the order of your paragraphs to chance.
How many types of order can be used in thesis writing?
What are they?
Ordering the Paragraphs within the Essay
The types of order often used in single paragraphs— time order, space order, and order of climax— can sometimes be used to arrange paragraphs within an essay. Essays about subjects that can be broken into stages, with each step discussed in one paragraph, should be arranged according to time.
Space order is used occasionally in descriptive essays. A writer who wishes to save the most important or convincing paragraph for last would use order of climax. Or he or she might wish to reverse this order and put the most important paragraph first.
Very often, however, the writer simply arranges paragraphs in whatever order makes sense in that particular essay.
Expanding the One-paragraph Plan
An essay is like an expanded paragraph.For this reason, any plan for developing a paragraph can also be used to develop an entire essay. It is up to the careful writer to choose the pattern that is best suited to his or her purpose and to the kind of essay required.
Linking Paragraphs within the Body
Just as the sentence within a paragraph should flow smoothly, so the paragraphs within an essay should be clearly linked one to the next. As you write your essay, do not make illogical jumps from one paragraph to another. Instead, guide your reader. Link the first sentence of each new paragraph to the thesis statement or to the paragraph before.
Here are four ways to link paragraphs:
Linking Paragraphs within the Body
Repeat key words or ideas from the thesis statement.
Refer to words or ideas from preceding paragraph. Link the first sentence of a new paragraph to the paragraph before, especially by referring to words or ideas near the end of that paragraph.
Use transitional expressions
Use transitional sentences
Use all four methods of linking paragraphs as you write your essay.
Checklist
Narrow the topic to one that you can discuss fully and well in an essay.
Write a clear statement.
Brainstorm ideas to support your statement.
Choose some main ideas to support the thesis statement.
Write a topic sentence that expresses each idea.
Decide on a logical order in which to present the paragraphs in the body.
Plan the body of each paragraph, using paragraph development.
Write the first draft of your essay, linking paragraphs clearly to each other.
Check for unity, logic, and coherence; revise and rewrite as necessary.
Proofread for errors in grammar, sentence, structure, spelling, and mechanics.
Three Types of Common Errors:
Language/Ideas/Format
Consideration: How many kinds of specific errors you are likely to make in your writing? How to avoid them?
篇7：英语毕业论文提纲
Contents
Ⅰ.Introduction .1
Ⅱ.Classification of Contexts 1
Linguistic Contexts ..1
Lexical Meaning 2
Grammatical Meaning ...3
Pragmatic Implication ...4
Style of Language ..5
Situational Contexts .6
Macro Contexts 6
Ⅲ.Contexts in Translation Process ... 7
In the Course of Understanding . 8
In the Course of Representation 8
Reproduction of Contexts in the Original Work 8
Conforming to the Conveying Customs of Target Language 8
Ⅳ.Misconception on this Issue 8
Under-conveyance . .9
Over-conveyance .9
Ⅴ. Conclusion 9
篇8：英语毕业论文提纲
This dissertation examines the stock market valuation of mergers and acquisitions involving investment banks and commercial banks in the global financial industry between and . The research asks the question Does the Merger of an Investment Bank and a Commercial Bank Create Value? and analyses the largest bank mergers.
,00words - 51 pages in length
% graded
Excellent use of contemporary literature
Excellent use of statistics and economic models
Will help you design your own research project
Ideal for economics and finance students
: Introduction
Introduction
The Purpose of the Study
The Organization of the Study
Justification of the Study
Trends in investment and commercial bank mergers
: Literature Review
Introduction
Trends in investment and commercial bank mergers
Why do investment and commercial banks merge?
Policy Responses
Scale, Scope and Product Mix Efficiency
Cost Efficiency
Revenue Efficiency
Economic forces driving investment and commercial bank mergers
Other reasons for investment and commercial banking consolidation
Global Economic Integration
: Research Methodology
Introduction
Event Studies
The Econometric Methodology of an Event Study
Post merger performance
: Data Analysis and Estimation
Sample Distribution
Financial Market Valuation at announcement time
Beta Estimation and choice of Market Index
Abnormal Returns
Aggregate Market Valuation at Announcement Time
Cumulative Average Abnormal Returns
Pre and Post Merger Performance: Evidence from the Financial Markets
: Conclusion
References
Appendix A: Post Merger Returns versus Market
Appendix B: Autocorrelation Coefficients for the Returns Distribution
篇9：英语毕业论文提纲
is it good to write the first draft fast or slowly? suggestion:
write it fast
make the trains of thought clearly
arrange details and generality properly
make a clear and exact statement, not in the topic but all through the thesis
set forth your statement in the instruction directly
use direct quotations properly
put it aside for one or two days
write a sound conclusion
proper use of space
arrange the space in the first draft properly
leave enough space between lines so that you can add content.
stick or paste your notes or valuable materials in the empty space between lines, if possible.
leave enough margins to write down “the original place and the author” of the materials
chapter 6 quotation, instruction and conclusion
quotation
it is not good to use so many direct quotations in your writing. and we mainly have two ways to quote something to help us to support our statement.
direct quotation:sayings/proverbs/anecdotes/illustrations/indirect quotation
use what others say in your own words to support your statement.
introduction
where should we place the thesis statement in the instruction?
at the beginning
at the end
functions of introduction
an introduction has two functions:
contain the thesis statement, which should be placed at the beginning or at the end of the instruction so that the readers can be able to spot the statement easily.
interest the reader enough so that he or she will want to continue reading the paper.
notice
there is no best way to introduce a thesis, but you should certainly avoid beginning your work with “i’m going to discuss…” or “this theme is about…” you needn’t tell the reader you are about to begin; just begin!
seven basic methods for beginning
begin with a single-sentence thesis statement.
e.g. final examination should be abolished.
begin with an illustration.
begin with a rhetorical question.
e.g. just what skills should an effective reader have?
begin with a surprising fact or idea.
begin with a contradiction.
begin with a general idea and then pass on a specific thesis statement.
begin with a direct quotation.
other ways to introduce
definitions, comparisons, or any other kinds of devices you have already studied can make good instructions.
just make sure the reader knows which sentence is your thesis statement.
conclusion
a conclusion also has two functions. what are they?
a conclusion signals the end of the essay and leaves the reader with a final thought.
notice
like introductions, conclusions can take many forms, and the right one for your essay depends on how you wish to complete your paper, with what thought you wish to leave the reader. however, never conclude your paper with “as i said in the beginning,” and try to avoid the overused “in conclusion” or “in summary”. don’t end by saying you are going to end; just end!
three ways to conclude:
end with a call to action. the call to action says that, in views of the facts and ideas in the essay, the reader should do something. for example:unite, all the workers in the world!
end with a final point. the final point can tie together with all the other ideas in the essay; it provides the reader with the sense that the entire essay has been leading up to this final point.
end with a question. by ending with a question, you leave the reader with a final problem that you wish him or her to think about.
篇10：英语毕业论文提纲
why should we write the thesis?
to write a thesis before graduation is a must for every university graduate.
by writing a thesis, we may get some experience and some basic methods for further theoretical study and research and the ability to solve problems.
it is the reflection of a student’s study in college.
whether a student has such an ability to write a thesis or to solve problems in his/her field is one basis for a unit to accept him/her or not.
how long should we prepare for writing a thesis?one year or so
what do we need when we write a thesis?
firstly, for english major, most important of all, it is english knowledge and ability that based on your language skills, especially writing skill and grammar knowledge.
secondly, the way of writing is also important.
a good title, some good ideas to support thesis statement, right language and standard format are what we need.
the language style is something that we should pay much attention to, for example:
wording: we prefer big word to small one;
sentence: long sentences are quite expectable.
how do we write a thesis? how many steps should we follow?
generally speaking, when we write a thesis, we follow 10 steps:
1. choose a subject: that is, what you are going to write about. for english major, we may apply:
2. choose a title/title a paper;
篇11：英语毕业论文提纲
how to choose a suitable subject
whenever you plan and write a paper, you should keep these questions in mind:
what is my subject and what do i know about it?
choose a subject that you care about and know about (or can find out about).
who is my audience?
what you say about your subject depends greatly on who reads it. you must choose a subject that will interest your audience and try to present it interestingly.
what is my purpose?
you always communicate for a purpose—either to inform, to persuade, or to entertain.
what must you write in a thesis?
in the limited space of a thesis, you can’t say everything, so you must settle on the most important, most relevant, and most interesting.
factors influencing the choice:
there are several factors which will influence your decision on which subject you are going to write about:
interest/experience/science value/ability /scope of knowledge/purpose…
how to get a title?
we have two ways to get a title:
given by teachers
designed by yourself
they both have their advantages. for the former, you will have a definite direction to guide you to the end, while, for the latter, it can be more flexible for you and everything depends on yourself.
what is a good title?
a good title, usually created after some paragraphs or a theme is written, does two things:
1. it suggests what the subject of the thesis will be;
2. it sparks the reader’s interest
some basic kinds of titles
no-nonsense descriptive title: e.g.:
advantages and disadvantages of multimedia teaching
two-part titles e.g.:
sugar: the hidden drug
rhetorical question. then answer the question in your theme. e.g.:
what can be done about cet-4?
some basic kinds of titles
relate the title to the method of development used :
descriptive: portrait of a teacher
illustration: three roles i play
comparison: crazy english: the new all physical response approach
contrast: pleasures and problems of owning a computer
definition: a definition of clt
persuasion: the need for discipline in university
classification: three types of education
process: how to teach young children english
how long should a title usually be?
a title is usually four to five words long and is rarely an entire sentence. (1—10 words is more practical.)
notice:we can’t write anything with the title “on…”, because this small “on” is too big for us.
notice:the title is centered on the page above the body of the thesis and separated from it by one inch.
a puzzle
what is “make a fuss over a trifle”?
that is a principle for us when we write a thesis: write as much as possible on a small title. when we write a thesis, we must make a full consideration of whether the possibility to choose a “big” or a “small” topic comparatively.
disadvantages for a “big” topic
a big topic needs collecting more materials. so it is more difficult for beginners.
hard to control. if there are too many sides in a thesis for us to make clear, the chance to be successful is very slim.
hard to make clear about the statement within limited words (about 6000 words). everything will stay on the surface.
篇12：英语毕业论文提纲
题目是:The analysis of Symbolic Images in Tony Morrison's BelovedThesis statement: The paper intends to analyze the symbolic images in Tony Morrison's Beloved.
I. Introduction
A.The introduction of the author
a.A brief review of symbolid
b.The appraisal
B.The brief of the paper
II.The Origin of Tony Morrison's Symbolic Images
A.The production of the work
B.Comparing with other works in symbolic images
III.Five Categories of Symbolic Images in Beloved
A.symbolic figures
B.Setting
C. Body marksD. Linguistic applicationE.Event
IV.Theme Interpreation with Reference to Symbolic Images
A. Memory of the past
B.Seeking self-recognition
C.Recuperating Afro-American traditional cultureD. Maternal love
V.Conclusion
A.The contribution to Afro-American literature.
B.Social influence produced by Symbolic Images and its profound meaning.
【二】论文英文摘要的时态应该是什么，一般时还是过去时?
以一般现在时为主。
在叙述背景知识的时候，当然是用一般现在时。
例如：Speech recognition is the task of converting speech into text.在叙述研究现状的时候，根据想表达的意思，可能出现一般现在时、现在进行时，或者现在完成时。
例如：Deep neural networks are the most popular models for speech recognition currently.
Deep neural networks are becoming the most popular models for speech recognition.Deep neural networks have become the most popular models for speech recognition.
在描述自己的工作时，虽然工作是过去做的，但摘要作为论文的一部分，在描述论文内容时也会使用一般现在时，尤其是在有In this paper这样的语句时。
例如：(In this paper), we propose to recognize speech with recurrent neural networks.We test our methods on the Wall Street Journal corpus.在描述实验结果时，可以使用过去时。
如果想与上文一致，统一使用现在时，也有办法，比如可以把X-ed改成be able to X，尤其是放到We show that ...的宾语从句里。
例如：Our model achieved a word error rate of 3%.(We show that) our model is able to achieve a word error rate of 3%.
相关阅读：
论文摘要的时态基本上有两种 : 一般现在时、一般过去时。
由于学术 论文写作通常采用一般现在时, 摘要也多用一般现在时。
目的、方法、结果及结论部分多用一般现在时 , 背景介绍常采用一般过去时。
一般 现在时用于描述研究目的和范围、研究内容、结果和结论 ;一般过去时 用于描述论文撰写前作者已做的工作, 也可用于表示转述已发表文献 的'报导、讨论和研究内容。
语态与人称 主张多采用被动语态。
因为使用被动语态不仅可以省略施动者 , 避免出现“WE” 表示方式 , 而且还可以使需强调的事物做主语而突出了它们的地位 ,有利于说明 事实。
英文摘要往往采用第三人称的被动语态 , 可以避免提及有关执行者, 使 行文显得客观。
同时, 被动语态句子在结构上有较大的调节余地, 有利于使用恰 当的修辞手段, 扩展名词短语, 扩大句子信息量。
但有时采用主动语态比用被动 语态在结构上更简练。
英文摘要
根据 《EI》 的要求 , 一篇较好的英文摘要应较好地回答以下 4 个方面的问题:1) what you want to do(目的)， 2) How you did it (方法) ， 3) What result didi you get and what conclusions can you draw ( 结果和结论 ); 4) What is original in your paper ( 创新独到之处 ) 。
英文摘要正文的写作模式 英文摘要语篇结构固定 , 内容完整。
英文摘要的篇章结构通常涉及主题句、拓展句和结论 句三部分 , 涵盖了研究的背景、目的和范围 , 研究的方法、手段或步骤 , 研究的结果 , 研 究得出的主要结论或建议四个方面。
由于摘要字数有限，所以研究的背景、目的和范围可省 略 , 写作的重点放在后三个方面。
篇13：英语毕业论文提纲参考
总 纲
第二稿：要求学生不仅要继续补充第一稿之不足，同时要求在表达上要有所提高。在接到第二稿以后，指导教师阅读后应指出存在的问题，以便学生及时改正。
第三稿：要求学生在文风、文章格式、修辞等方面有所提高英语毕业论文提纲范文精选3篇英语毕业论文提纲范文精选3篇。指导教师要对第三稿进行全面的审阅，并提出修改意见，以保证定稿打印时所有的错误和疏漏都得到更正，错误率控制在规定范围内。同时，教师还要提醒学生在打印前再校对，以保证尽可能地将正确的版本打印出来。
四论文的格式：
论文的规格：正文长度 5，508，50单词。
使用的语言：英语
论文分题目、引言、正文、参考文献、致谢等部分。
引文要注明出处。直接引用要加引号，间接引文要以转述的方式出现英语毕业论文提纲范文精选3篇论文。然后以括号把引文来源写清楚：(作者名，年份，引文所在页码)
论文正文部分：
题目大写，三号字，新时代罗马字，大写下面可写一个附标题，4号字;
作者名，5号字，班级，学号
指导教师名，5号字，职称
摘要：用300词，5号字, 英文一页,中文一页
正文：用5号字, 大部分标题用5号字黑体、小部分、小小部分。大部分用罗马字，小不分用一般数字符号：
引言：引入正题，不超过2段
I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X.
II. 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5 ...
III. 1.1.1, 1.1.2, 1.1.3/ 2.1.1, 2.1.2, 2.1.3, / 3.1.1.
篇14：英语毕业论文提纲参考
第一章 绪论
第一节 国外语言文化教学研究回顾
第二节 国内语言文化教学研究回顾
第二章 对外汉语教学中的语言文化教学理论与模式
第一节 语言文化教学的理论基础
一、文化的定义
二、文化与语言的关系
(一)语言是文化的载体
(二)文化是语言的深层机制
三、对外汉语教学与文化
(一)语言教学与文化教学
(二)对汉语教学中的文化因素
(三)语言课中的文化导入
第二节 对外汉语教学中文化导入的教学模式
一、以结构主义语言学理论为基础的对比分析教学法
二、以系统功能语言学理论为基础的任务型教学法
三、以建构主义认识论为基础的体验式教学法
第三章 对外汉语教学中的文化导入原则与内容
第一节 对外汉语教学中的文化导入原则
第二节 对外汉语教学中的文化导入内容
第四章 对外汉语教学中的文化导入方法
第一节 对比分析导入法
一、词汇对比教学的文化因素导入
二、语法对比教学的文化因素导入
三、语用对比教学的文化因素导入
第二节 任务穿插讲解法
第三节 体验式文化习得法
第五章 文化导入教学中教师的因素
第一节 教师的知识基础与文化素养
第二节 教师的教学能力与定期培训
