托福阅读题材有哪些（精选9篇）

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托福阅读题材有哪些

篇1：托福阅读题材有哪些

托福阅读题材有哪些?

托福阅读的题材一共涉及到以下几个部分：

第一，自然和自然科学，大约占比30%左右，也就是所有题材中占比最大的一部分，这个部分包含天体、地理、气候和化学等学科内容;

第二，生物科学，大约占比20%左右，这一部分包含，动物学、植物学、细胞学和生物化学等学科的相关学习内容，接下来排的

第三的是艺术和美国历史，这部分内容大致涵盖音乐、表演、电影和电视等艺术形式

再有就是社科类文章和人文类文章，分别占比10%左右，社科类文章包括经济学、考古学、人类学、通信和媒体等内容，而人文类文章则更多涵盖历史和语言学等内容，占比最少并且基本很少考察的题材则是人物传记类，这类文章更容易出现在GRE、SAT等北美升学类考试中。

那么，如果把这些题材占比从高到底排序的话，就形成了一条题材的线索线，即人类文明的发展史。首先，在人类出现之前，宇宙中存在天体、地理、气候条件等一系列的客观因素，这是第一类题材，随后，地球上开始形成了生物体，比如动物、植物、微生物等，再接着，人类出现了，并且从繁衍生息的过程中积淀了文化和艺术，比如音乐、油画等，再后来，人类开始意识到科学的重要性，例如经济学、通信等现代科学技术，最后人类开始回顾自己的历史，就有了考古学，传记等题材。

历年托福真题阅读题材：植物学

S/P1 树叶为何变颜色

82/11 海藻

83/1 地衣 S1/P123

86/1 植物演化

86/5 藤蔓植物，

86/10 地衣 S1/P7

88/1 树的防御机理S1/P17

88/5 植物形成层和树皮结构 S1/P99

S/P69 植物的根

90/8 浮游生物 P32

91/8 植物学 P54 普样题1

92/8 树的重要性 P71

P89/ 植物拟态的性质和作用

P138/ 沙漠植物的生存

95/10 植物内部运水的机理

96/1 植物的防御机理北美题

96/5 兰花

96/10 一种野草和牛的传说

98/5 赤扬和森林环境的关系

99/8 菌类和植物的区别及破坏性和用途

历年托福真题阅读题材：动物学

81/11 鸟类适应的演化

82/1 蝙蝠的生物声纳

83/5 蚊子利用水产卵

83/5 有机椎动物和无脊椎动物中ALLEOMIMETIC的作用 S1/P95

83/8 濑鱼 S1/P62

83/11 海獭

84/5 响尾蛇的响声

84/11 旋木雀 S1/P78

85/5 蜜蜂酿蜜 S1/P86

86/1 牛胃 S1/P67

86/3 蜜蜂结构适宜社会化 S1/P75

86/8 恐龙绝迹的解释

87/1 鸟类学

87/5 动物为何不生轮子 S1/P16

87/8 北美野牛 S1/P103

87/10 猴子尾巴

88/1 蜜蜂意识测试 S1/P20

S/P24 沼泽中的动物 S1/P24

S/P37 蜜蜂的社会结构 S1/P37

S/P39 美洲鳄鱼交配后 S1/P39

S/P52 莺科鸣禽划分树上食物 S1/P52

S/P56 食物网 S1/P56

S/P93 考拉 S1/P93

88/5 北极熊 S1/P98

S/P109 灵长类动物的社会行为 S1/P109

S/P112 猿 S1/P112

88/10 鲸鱼 S1/P133

89/1 树懒的习性 P2

89/5 美国蝗虫灾害 P9 来

历年托福真题阅读题材：人物篇

文学家，艺术家，尤其是歌唱家，舞蹈家的女性(ETS重女轻男，阴盛阳衰)

编号考题年月职业性别姓名

1. 81/11 小说家女 EDITH WHARTON

2. 82/1 护士女 GLARA LOUIS

3. 82/8 天文艺术男 LUCIEN RUDAUX

4. 82/11 新闻摄影女 M.B.WHITE

5. 85/5 政治家男马丁路德·金

6. 85/11 文学家女 C.F.WOOLSON

7. 86/3 女权主义女 F.D.ROOSEVELT夫人

8. 87/8 雕塑家女 M.ESCOBAR

9. 87/12 印第安人女 ELLA GARSSO

10. 89/1 P1 小说家男 ROBERT HERRICK

11. 89/8 P11 歌唱家女 ELLA FITZGERALD

12. 89/10P20 芭蕾舞女 AGNES DE MILLE

13. 90/1 P25 闹剧作家女 MERRY OTIS WARREN

14. 90/5 P29 文学家女 GERTRUDE STEIN

15. 90/10P40 农化学家男 G.W.CARVER

16. 91/1 P43 诗人女艾米丽狄金森

17. 91/5 P46 画家女 GRANDMA MOSES

18. 91/10P59 画家女 C.L.GRAZA

19. 92/1 P64 舞蹈家女 LUCINA CHILDS

20. 92/5 P68 舞蹈家女 MARTHA GRAHAM

21. 92/8 P72 舞蹈家女 MARTHA GRAHAM

22. P81 文学家女 PEARL.S.BUCK

23. P88 发明家男 MCCOY 润滑油

24. P93 舞蹈家女 ISADORA DUNCAN

25. P100 小丑演员男 JOHN DURANG

26. P104 艺术支持女 G.V.WHITNEY

27. P112 数学女 MARJORIE RICE

28. P115 画家女 G.O.KEEFFE

29. P117 发明家男 THOMAS.A.EDISON

30. P123 画家男 WINSLOW HOMER

31. P131 画家女 GRANDMA MOSES

32. P143 诗人女 HILDA DOOLITTLE

33. P146 雕塑家女 LOUIS NEVELSON

34. 普样1 诗人女 MARIANNE MOORE

35. 96/1 文学家女 JOICE CAROL OATES

篇2：托福阅读四大必考题材梳理

托福阅读四大必考题材梳理

第一类

印第安题材

1.白令海峡移民理论

2.印第安文化

3.印第安宗教观

4.印第安建筑业：大、先进。

5.印第安手工业：好。

6.社会组织结构：严密、分工细、凝聚力强。

7.农业先进：A.irrigation;B.maize，squash，bean，pea。

第二类

动植物题材(必考)

1.植物学题材(不多见)

①地衣、苔、真菌、蘑菇最常见。

②树冠上方生物。

③植物在生态平衡中的作用。

2.动物学题材(90%以上)

①考普通动物为多。最近常考鸟类、蚂蚁、动物智能与灭绝(联系天文学与冰河理论)。

②考动物进化(evolution)。

③考动物的分类(classification)。

phyla(单数phylum)—门 class—纲order—目 family—科 genus—属 species—种 carnivore/predator—食肉动物 herbivore—食草动物 omnivore—杂食动物

④动物的生活习性最为多见。

⑤群居(social animal)动物的习性

a)蚂蚁：社会组织结构—等级制(caste)：交流方式—信息素—气味;生活来源;外来物种的有害性。

b)蜜蜂：群居个性;“8”字舞;蜜蜂智能;防御;天敌—大黄蜂。

c)大猩猩：智能：猩际关系

⑥迁徙(migration)

野鸭、大雁：日照长短;辨别方向。

⑦伪装(camouflage)、花拟态(mimicry)

第三类

考古学题材

1.文化(cultural)考古学

形态(physical)考古学(多见)

2.化石(fossil)

①化石构成。化石比原物更沉重(矿物质环境)

②化石形成原因。坚硬物质，迅速掩埋。

③化石与动物的进化关系。

3.人的左右手

①使用工具。证据：敲击的划痕;手柄的形状。

②牙齿上的划痕。

③大脑左右半球的大小差别;趾骨的粗细差别。

④作画时人像的方向

4.古代陶瓷的考古。

Clay，model，wheel(转盘)，glaze，kiln

5.古代文字的考古。

第四类

美国历史题材

1.美国发展线索

①发现美洲阶段

哥伦布(意)，为黄金、茶叶、香料

West/East Indian

影响：世界观变化;国家形势变化;(爱尔兰——土豆饥荒)

②英国定居阶段(English settlement)

1607第一个定居点Captain John S影响清教徒

1620五月花号

③殖民时期(colonial era)

④独立战争(American Revolution)

⑤新的国家(new nation)南北不均衡

⑥南北战争(Civil War)

⑦战后重建。持续近1。

⑧西进运动 (Westward movement)

⑨工业化大增长

⑩world war I &; II End：1960

2.“大熔炉”：地理位置;民族融合1960’s;文化融合。

3.邮政。①快递;②铁路邮政。

托福阅读素材之小说里的经典名言

1. Honeydew by Edith Pearlman

伊迪丝·皮尔曼的《蜜露》

Pearlman writes quiet stories about theblips of tumult . She's been writing short stories -- and only short stories --for decades, chronicling the lives of earnest blue collar workers and whimsicalacademics. Most of the stories are set in her native Massachusetts; all of themreveal something tender and universal about everyday life.

皮尔曼安安静静的笔调下有些许动荡和喧嚣。她一直就在写短篇小说，而且数十年来只写短篇小说，记录着热忱勤勉的蓝领工人还有异想天开的学者们的生活。大部分的故事背景都设置在她的故土马萨诸塞州，每一则故事都展现了日常生活细小而普遍的一面。

2. Fools by Joan Silber

琼·西尔珀的《傻瓜》

Each story in Fools confronts the question:What makes an action foolish, as opposed to brave? And when is it better to befoolish, as opposed to steadfast in our established beliefs?

《傻瓜》中每一则故事都面临这样一个问题：比之勇敢，怎样的行为才算愚昧?与我们深信不疑的信念相对，何时做个傻瓜才是更好的选择?

3. Single, Carefree, Mellow by KatherineHeiny

凯瑟琳·海尼的《单身、随性、成熟》

Katherine Heiny writes stories that quietlyhighlight the dramas of dating life, from teenagehood through adulthood. Heinywrites about both lovers growing estranged through social media, and younggirls learning about the power of their own sexualities, with wry humor.

凯瑟琳·海尼的故事不动声色地突出了约会的戏剧色彩，从豆蔻年华到成年时期，不一而足。海尼不单单写因社交媒体而逐渐疏离的情侣，也写年轻女孩认识到其声色的威力，笔调不乏揶揄嘲讽。

4. When I Was a Child I Read Books byMarilynne Robinson

玛丽莲·罗宾逊《小时候，我读书》

Marilynne In When I Was a Child I Read Books,Robinson fluidly contemplates significance of community and the power of theindividual. You don't have to be a religious thinker to find beauty inRobinson's poetic musings.

《小时候，我读书》一书中，罗宾逊行文流畅，深思社区的重要性和个体的力量。读者即便不信奉宗教，也能发现罗宾逊富有诗意的哲思之美。

5. The Double Life of Liliane by Lily Tuck

莉莉·塔克《莉莲的双重生活》

Lily Tuck's latest novel isn't exactly amemoir, but it sits somewhere between novel and autobiography, blurring thelines between related memory and imagined possible scenarios. Like Tuck,heroine Liliane's parents divorced when she was young, wreaking personal havocthat mirrored the tragedies unfolding in Europe at the same time.

莉莉·塔克的最新小说确切说来不是回忆录，介于小说和自传间，模糊了记忆和想象场景的界限。和莉莉·塔克小时候一样，女主人翁莉莲年少父母离异，深受重创，也映照出同期欧洲的悲剧。

6. Neverhome by Laird Hunt

拉瑞德·亨特《不归》

Hunt tells his story about a womandisguised as a male solider through letters. The story is loosely based on abundle of letters Hunt stumbled upon written by a real undercover femalesoldier and is a smart work of historical fiction that encouragescontemplation.

亨特通过书信形式讲述了一个女子伪装成男军人的故事。亨特偶然间撞见一捆信件，是一个真实的卧底女军人所写的，亨特的历史小说稍稍以此为参照，引人深思，是部智慧的作品。

7. Infinite Home by Kathleen Alcott

凯思琳·奥尔科特《无限的家园》

Protagonist Edith has built a happy familyof her own among her tenants -- until she gets slammed with potential evictionas her mind begins to worsen. The unsteady state of their home and theirlandlady forges an even closer bond between the housemates in this lyricalmeditation on what really makes up a family.

主人公伊蒂丝与其房客们建立了一个幸福的家庭，然而，随着记性变差，她或将被驱逐。家庭不稳定，女房东与房客们的关系更紧密了。这部抒情的沉思录引人思考究竟何为组成家庭的要素。

8. Here by Richard McGuire

里查德·麦奎尔《这儿》

This book is a heartwarming time capsule,and fluid look at the way our interior lives have evolved, and how they'veremained the same.

这本书是温暖人心的时空胶囊，以温婉的视角看我们的内心演变以及又如何初心不变。

9. The Folded Clock by Heidi Julavits

海蒂·朱拉薇姿《折叠的时钟》

The Folded Clock is a Diary, a collectionof musings written offhandedly each day by its author. It's been scrubbed ofidentifying details, but otherwise remains a deeply personal collection ofthoughts about motherhood, language, and what success really means.

《折叠的时钟》是部日记，是作者每日随手写就的遐思集。书中隐去了透露身份的信息，但仍是身为人母的感想、对语言的思考和阐述成功之道的个人思想集。

10. Can't and Won't by Lydia Davis

莉迪娅·戴维斯《“不行”与“不能”》

Davis' stories are quick, dreamy snapshotsof a mood or a sentiment, and they take the shape of the idle thoughts thatmake up most of our days. Davis's spare language is comforting and digestible,but leaves ample room for contemplation and imagination, too.

戴维斯的故事轻松宜人、直击人心。故事取材于我们日常生活七零八碎的心思想法。戴维斯平实简练的语言安抚人心、易于理解，但有给读者足够想象和沉思的空间。

托福阅读真题原题+题目

According to anthropologists, people in preindustrial societies spent 3 to 4 hours per day or about 20 hours per week doing the work necessary for life. Modern comparisons of the amount of work performed per week, however, begin with the Industrial Revolution (1760-1840) when 10- to 12-hour workdays with six workdays per week were the norm. Even with extensive time devoted to work, however, both incomes and standards of living were low. As incomes rose near the end of the Industrial Revolution, it became increasingly common to treat Saturday afternoons as a half-day holiday. The half holiday had become standard practice in Britain by the 1870's, but did not become common in the United States until the 1920's.

In the United States, the first third of the twentieth century saw the workweek move from 60 hours per week to just under 50 hours by the start of the 1930's. In 1914 Henry Ford reduced daily work hours at his automobile plants from 9 to 8. In 1926 he announced that henceforth his factories would close for the entire day on Saturday. At the time, Ford received criticism from other firms such as United States Steel and Westinghouse, but the idea was popular with workers.

The Depression years of the 1930's brought with them the notion of job sharing to spread available work around; the workweek dropped to a modem low for the United States of 35 hours. In 1938 the Fair Labor Standards Act mandated a weekly maximum of 40 hours to begin in 1940, and since that time the 8-hour day, 5-day workweek has been the standard in the United States. Adjustments in various places, however, show that this standard is not immutable. In 1987, for example, German metalworkers struck for and received a 37.5-hour workweek; and in 1990 many workers in Britain won a 37-hour week. Since 1989, the Japanese government has moved from a 6- to a 5-day workweek and has set a national target of 1,800 work hours per year for the average worker. The average amount of work per year in Japan in 1989 was 2,088 hours per worker, compared to 1,957 for the United States and 1,646 for France.

1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) Why people in preindustrial societies worked few hours per week

(B) Changes that have occurred in the number of hours that people work per week

(D) Working conditions during the Industrial Revolution

2. Compared to preiudustrial times, the number of hours in the workweek in the nineteenth century

(A) remained constant

(B) decreased slightly

(D) increased significantly

3. The word norm in line 5 is closest in meaning to

(A) minimum.

(B) example

(D) standard

4. The word henceforth in line 13 is closest in meaning to

(A) in the end

(B) for a brief period

(D) on occasion

5. The idea mentioned in line 15 refers to

(A) the 60-hour workweek

(B) the reduction in the cost of automobiles

(D) the criticism of Ford by United States Steel and Westinghouse

6. What is one reason for the change in the length of the workweek for the average worker in the

United States during the 1930's?

(A) Several people sometimes shared a single job.

(B) Labor strikes in several countries influenced labor policy in the United States.

(D) The United States government instituted a 35-hour workweek.

7. Which of the following is mentioned as one of the purposes of the Fair Labor Standards Act of

托福阅读题材有哪些（精选9篇） 1938 ?

(A) to discourage workers from asking for increased wages

(B) to establish a limit on the number of hours in the workweek

(D) to restrict trade with countries that had a long workweek

8. The word mandated in line 18 is closest in meaning to

(A) required

(B) recommended

(D) considered

9. The word immutable in line 21 is closest in meaning to

(A) unmatched

(B) irregular

(D) unchangeable

10. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as evidence that the length of the workweek has

been declining since the nineteenth century?

(A) The half-day holiday (line 7)

(B) Henry Ford (lines 11-12)

(D) German metalworkers (line 21)

11. According to the passage , one goal of the Japanese government is to reduce the average

annual amount of work to

(A) 1,646 hours

(B) 1,800 hours

(D) 2,088 hours

PASSAGE 40 BDDCC ABADCB

英语阅读

篇3：托福阅读考试题材分类统计

1.20托福阅读最高频的题材依然是生物类，占样本总数的35%。

生物类题材主要涉及：动/植物习性特点研究、物种的进化、物种的灭绝、物种数量激增/减少的原因等。

2.中频题材包括：历史类、地质类和考古类，分别占样本总数的8%-10%不等。

历史类题材的比重与去年相比大大增加，数量甚至超过了往年比较热门的考古类题材。内容主要涉及帝国的兴起和衰落、人类定居、历史事件、特定历史时期社会的发展等。

地质类题材的比重较去年有所上升，选材非常有针对性，基本上围绕地球大气/洋流/土壤/冰川/地下水的形成、地理与社会发展的相互影响、地震预测、板块漂移学说展开。

考古类题材的比重一直趋于稳定。内容主要涉及古生物考古、古代遗迹、考古新发现等。

3.低频题材包括社会类、农业类、经济类、天文类、科技类、环境类和艺术类，分别占样本总数的4%-7%不等。

农业类、天文类、艺术类历年所占的比重都较小。

农业类一般涉及农业变革、新技术在农业领域的运用、特定时期/社会农业的发展。

天文类的选材也很有特点，通常涉及行星的地质特点、行星上是否存在水/生命、彗星、行星/宇宙的形成、宇宙理论的猜想/争论。

艺术类主要涵盖某国/文明艺术特点、壁画研究、艺术流派等。

社会类、经济类、科技类和环境类往年所占比例较高，但比重均有所下降。

社会类涵盖城市发展、人口增长、铁路/通讯/报业的发展等。

经济类涵盖工业革命、特定历史时期/国家经济的发展、经济大萧条、制造业的发展等。

科技类题材集中于电灯/钟表/印刷术/打印机的发明。

环境类涉及生态系统、能源、水资源、环境污染、人类活动对环境的影响等。

篇4：托福阅读考试题材分类统计

1. 人：学术阅读中最常出现的就是各种科学家，以ist和er结尾居多。

例如：anthropologist，archaeologist，paleontologist，zoologist，geographer，astronomer

(人类学家，考古学家，古生物学家，动物学家，地理学家，天文学家)

这类的词汇大家无需记住拼写，只要在阅读中出现可以辨认就足以。在面对未知的专有名词时，至少要判断他们存在于那个学科，才好进行下一步的推理。

2. 地质、地貌：这类文章在托福学术阅读中比重很大。建议大家对常用词汇进行积累。

例如：volcano，layer，conglomerate，karst，porous，permeable，meteorolite，asteroid

火山，(地)层，砾岩，喀斯特地貌(石灰岩的一种地形)，多孔的(有透气性与透水性)，可渗透的，陨石，小行星

3. 气候、动物与生态：与生物和地球有关的话题是托福永远的宠儿。

例如：unpredictable，vary，range from，extinction，endangered，tropical，jungle，equatorial

不可预测的，改变(动词)，变化幅度(动词)，灭绝，濒危的，热带的，丛林，赤道附近的

4. 历史、考古，这类题材是分水轮流转的对象，也要加以注意。

尤其是历史文章的考法不是单纯的讲古，而是从各个层面切入，有很多的表现形式。可能是古人类的迁徙，那就是人类历史。贸易和交通运输的发展，那就是经济史，等等。

例如，relics，remains，mausoleum，handicraft，cohesiveness，territorial，civilization

遗迹，遗迹或残骸，陵墓，手工艺品，凝聚性，领土的，文明

【托福阅读提分】托福阅读文章5种题材揭秘

托福阅读文章题材一：自然和自然科学

大约占比30%左右，也就是所有题材中占比最大的一部分，这个部分包含天体、地理、气候和化学等学科内容;

托福阅读文章题材二：生物科学

大约占比20%左右，这一部分包含，动物学、植物学、细胞学和生物化学等学科的相关学习内容。

托福阅读文章题材三：艺术和美国历史

这部分内容大致涵盖音乐、表演、电影和电视等艺术形式。

托福阅读文章题材四：社科类文章和人文类文章

分别占比10%左右，社科类文章包括经济学、考古学、人类学、通信和媒体等内容，而人文类文章则更多涵盖历史和语言学等内容，占比最少并且基本很少考察的题材则是人物传记类，这类文章更容易出现在GRE、SAT等北美升学类考试中。

托福阅读原题整理练习

By the mid-nineteenth century, the term icebox had entered the American language, but icewas still only beginning to affect the diet of ordinary citizens in the United States. The ice tradegrew with the growth of cities. Ice was used in hotels, taverns, and hospitals, and by someforward-looking city dealers in fresh meat, fresh fish, and butter. After the Civil War (1861-1865),as ice was used to refrigerate freight cars, it also came into household use. Even before 1880, halfthe ice sold in New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore, and one-third of that sold in Boston andChicago, went to families for their own use. This had become possible because a new householdconvenience, the icebox, a precursor of the modern refrigerator, had been invented.

Making an efficient icebox was not as easy as we might now suppose. In the early nineteenthcentury, the knowledge of the physics of heat, which was essential to a science of refrigeration,was rudimentary. The commonsense notion that the best icebox was one that prevented the icefrom melting was of course mistaken, for it was the melting of the ice that performed the cooling.Nevertheless, early efforts to economize ice included wrapping the ice in blankets, which kept theice from doing its job. Not until near the end of the nineteenth century did inventors achieve thedelicate balance of insulation and circulation needed for an efficient icebox.

But as early as 1803, an ingenious Maryland farmer, Thomas Moore, had been on the righttrack. He owned a farm about twenty miles outside the city of Washington, for which the villageof Georgetown was the market center. When he used an icebox of his own design to transport hisbutter to market, he found that customers would pass up the rapidly melting stuff in the tubs ofhis competitors to pay a premium price for his butter, still fresh and hard in neat, one-poundbricks. One advantage of his icebox, Moore explained, was that farmers would no longer have totravel to market at night in order to keep their produce cool.

1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) The influence of ice on the diet

(B) The development of refrigeration

(D) Sources of ice in the nineteenth century

2. According to the passage , when did the word icebox become part of the language of the

United States?

(A) in 1803

(B) sometime before 1850

(D) near the end of the nineteenth century

3. The phrase forward-looking in line 4 is closest in meaning to

(A) progressive

(B) popular

(D) well-established

4. The author mentions fish in line 4 because

(A) many fish dealers also sold ice

(B) fish was shipped in refrigerated freight cars

(D) fish was not part of the ordinary person's diet before the invention of the icebox

5. The word it in line 5 refers to

(A) fresh meat

(B) the Civil War

(D) a refrigerator

6. According to the passage , which of the following was an obstacle to the development of the

icebox?

(A) Competition among the owners of refrigerated freight cars

(B) The lack of a network for the distribution of ice

(D) Inadequate understanding of physics

7. The word rudimentary in line 12 is closest in meaning to

(A) growing

(B) undeveloped

(D) uninteresting

8. According to the information in the second paragraph, an ideal icebox would

(A) completely prevent ice from melting

(B) stop air from circulating

(D) use blankets to conserve ice

9. The author describes Thomas Moore as having been on the right track (lines 18-19) to indicate

that

(A) the road to the market passed close to Moore's farm

(B) Moore was an honest merchant

(D) Moore's design was fairly successful

10. According to the passage , Moore's icebox allowed him to

(A) charge more for his butter

(B) travel to market at night

(D) produce ice all year round

11. The produce mentioned in line 25 could include

(A) iceboxes

(B) butter

(D) markets

PASSAGE 1 BBACC DBCDA B

篇5：托福阅读的题材从哪里寻找

托福阅读的题材从哪里寻找

托福考试阅读部分的内容涵盖的知识层面很广泛，从自然科学到生物科学还有一定程度的美国历史和艺术，另外也会出现一些社科类或者是人文类。考生如果仔细研究会发现托福阅读考试的内容其实就是人类的发展史，由最开始的自然界事物的发展变化，包括地理、气候等，慢慢演变到对生物的探究，如动植物、微生物等。人类出现以后人们的生活逐渐丰富多彩，渴望探索的领域也在逐渐增多，这不仅是文化的积淀还涵

盖了对于历史的回顾和探究。

在托福阅读的准备过程中，还是希望各位考生多做一些模拟题，了解出题的大体形式，也能逐渐感悟并总结出自己的答题技巧。

如何克服托福阅读中的常见问题

1、如何合理利用技巧完成托福阅读?

参加托福考试的考试一般集中在高中生、大学生，词汇量在四五千左右，他们在接触托福阅读的时候会遇到很多生词，尤其是分门别类的学科词汇，分为地理、天文、生物学、动物学四大块，学员就会有很多的误解，到底应该掌握多少词汇才能做好托福阅读。其实只要确定好中心词汇和构架词汇的区别，对学科词汇只需要认知，对构架词汇需要熟知。在技巧中只需要通过分解句型，由于托福阅读特别长，每个都是长连句分析，把它按照逻辑分解之后，按照关键词，找到重点部分，最后找到简洁的出题主干，就很容易理解了。

2、在读托福阅读文章时应该采用什么顺序和方法?

读文章一般都是先看题目再读文章。看题目的话，托福和雅思的区别就在于要我们自己去定位，因为每个题目都是按照文章的顺序顺延下来的，只是在最后一个小结题目的时候需要翻开前面的文章，重点读每一段的首末句找到它。

3、平时再教学中，学生做托福阅读试题时有什么常见的误区吗?

大多数学生的问题都在于对句子的理解，尤其是复合句，学生无法理解整个句子，而是会按照个别的单次来分散，造成句子理解的中断。我们在教导的时候会把句子分解，让学生去看句子的构架，这样学生去找主干的话就会容易的多了。由于托福阅读中，一长段的内容实际上有效信息并不多，要从中找出有效信息就需要对句型有了解，只看独立的词就无法理解意思。

4、托福阅读是需要六级以上的词汇量才能得到相对较高的分数吗?为什么?

学生考过六级之后不一定能在托福上获得高分，六级和托福的考试还是有非常大的区别。六级的词汇量是考托福起码的一个基础。因为六级背诵的大多数是构架词汇，这些是需要熟练的。如果有六级词汇的基础，后续学习中基础提高也会比较快。

托福阅读中的隐藏陷阱，你被坑了吗

对于《Seventeenth Century Dutch Agriculture》这篇来说，很多童鞋应该并不陌生。这篇文章是托福阅读TPO23套的第2篇，但是在这种难度适中的文章当中，依然会藏有杀机!今天我们就来一起找找杀机在哪里!

Paragraph4: As the demand for agricultural produce from both consumers and industry increased, agricultural land became more valuable and people tried to work the available land moreintensively and to reclaim more land from wetlands and lakes. In order to increase productionon existing land, the peasants made more use of crop rotation and, in particular, began toapply animal waste to the soil regularly, rather than leaving the fertilization process up to thegrazing livestock. For the first time industrial waste, such as ash from the soap-boilers, wascollected in the cities and sold in the country as artificial fertilizer. The increased yield andprice of land justified reclaiming and draining even more land.

段落四：随着消费者和工业对这种农产品的需求增加，耕地变得越来越珍贵，人们对可耕地的利用强度越来越大，并且从湿地和湖泊中开垦了更多的耕地。为了增加已有土地的产量，农民们利用谷物轮作，特别是用动物粪便来给土地定期施肥而不是随意让牧区的牲畜来进行施肥。城市首次收集工业废料, 比如煮皂的灰料和城市废料，并作为人工肥料售给乡下。产量的增加和土地价格的上涨使得开垦和灌溉更多的土地变得合理化。

7.Select the TWO answer choices that, according to paragraph 4, indicate two methodspeople used to increase the productivity of their land. To receive credit you must select TWO answers

A.They planted different crops in different sections of the farm each year.

B.They used improved irrigation methods to increase the yield of crops.

C.They increased the use of fertilizers to supply more nutrients to plants.

D.They used new horticultural practices to produce different varieties of plants in the samesection of the farm.

这道题目选AC。

首先C选项很容易从文中找到答案

C选项原文出处：

began toapply animal waste to the soil regularly, rather than leaving the fertilization process up to the grazing livestock.

C选项出处释义：

用动物粪便来给土地定期施肥而不是随意让牧区的牲畜来进行施肥。

但是A选项似乎就没那么简单被选出来了，因为它牵扯到了一个常识。

A选项原文出处：In order to increase productionon existing land, the peasants made more use of crop rotation

A选项出处释义：

为了增加已有土地的产量，农民们利用谷物轮种。

但是对应到A选项They planted different crops in different sections of the farm each year后，怎么感觉说的不是一回事儿呢。

好啦，那接下来我们给大家解释一个概念，就自然清楚了—谷物轮种(Crop rotation)。

介绍

在同一块田地上，有顺序地在季节间或年间轮换种植不同的作物或复种组合的一种.种植方式。轮作是用地养地相结合的一种生物学措施。中国早在西汉时就实行休闲轮作。北魏《齐民要术》中有“谷田必须岁易”、“麻欲得良田，不用故墟”、“凡谷田，绿豆、小豆底为上，麻、黍、故麻次之，芜菁、大豆为下”等记载，已指出了作物轮作的必要性，并记述了当时的轮作顺序。长期以来中国旱地多采用以禾谷类为主或禾谷类作物、经济作物与豆类作物的轮换，或与绿肥作物的轮换，有的水稻田实行与旱作物轮换种植的水旱轮作。

作用合理的轮作有很高的生态效益和经济效益：

防治病、虫、草害

作物的许多病害如烟草的黑胫病、蚕豆根腐病、甜菜褐斑病、西瓜蔓割病等都通过土壤侵染。如将感病的寄主作物与非寄主作物实行轮作，便可消灭或减少这种病菌在土壤中的数量，减轻病害。对为害作物根部的线虫，轮种不感虫的作物后，可使其在土壤中的虫卵减少，减轻危害。

合理的轮作也是综合防除杂草的重要途径，因不同作物栽培过程中所运用的不同农业措施，对田间杂草有不同的抑制和防除作用。如密植的谷类作物，封垄后对一些杂草有抑制作用;玉米、棉花等中耕作物，中耕时有灭草作用。一些伴生或寄生性杂草如小麦田间的燕麦草、豆科作物田间的菟丝子，轮作后由于失去了伴生作物或寄主，能被消灭或抑制为害。水旱轮作可在旱种的情况下抑制，并在淹水情况下使一些旱生型杂草丧失发芽能力。

均衡利用土壤养分

各种作物从土壤中吸收各种养分的数量和比例各不相同。如禾谷类作物对氮和硅的吸收量较多，而对钙的吸收量较少;豆科作物吸收大量的钙，而吸收硅的数量极少。因此两类作物轮换种植，可保证土壤养分的均衡利用，避免其片面消耗。

调节土壤肥力

谷类作物和多年生牧草有庞大根群，可疏松土壤、改善土壤结构;绿肥作物和油料作物，可直接增加土壤有机质来源。

另外，轮种根系伸长深度不同的作物，深根作物可以利用由浅根作物溶脱而向下层移动的养分，并把深层土壤的养分吸收转移上来，残留在根系密集的耕作层。同时轮作可借根瘤菌的固氮作用，补充土壤氮素，如花生和大豆每亩可固氮6～8千克，多年生豆科牧草固氮的数量更多。

水旱轮作还可改变土壤的生态环境，增加水田土壤的非毛管孔隙，提高氧化还原电位，有利土壤通气和有机质分解，消除土壤中的有毒物质，防止土壤次生潜育化过程，并可促进土壤有益微生物的繁殖。

相信到此为止，大家应该非常了解什么叫做谷物轮种了，因此这道题的A选项也就变得没有那么可怕了吧!

在考试时，像这样需要背景知识，却又在原文中没有铺垫背景知识的题目很少见，童鞋们不要害怕!只要耐心懂，认真看，即使碰到这样的题目猜一猜也是有很高几率做对的!

篇6：托福阅读说明文题材详细解析实例分析

托福阅读说明文题材详细解析实例分析

托福阅读说明文结构讲解

一般而言，托福阅读中的说明文会说明某个现象，文章的第一段是：介绍背景及引出下文;之后的主体段，结构也很清晰：主旨句Topic sentence + 解释句Explain + 举例子Examples + 总结句Summary。其实跟我们高考语文有异曲同工之妙。下面来看实例解析：

官方真题Official-19 The Roman Army's Impact on Britain

In the wake of the Roman Empire's conquest of Britain in the first century A.D., a large number of troops stayed in the new province, and these troops had a considerable impact on Britain with their camps, fortifications, and participation in the local economy. Assessing the impact of the army on the civilian population starts from the realization that the soldiers were always unevenly distributed across the country. Areas rapidly incorporated into the empire were not long affected by the military. Where the army remained stationed, its presence was much more influential. The imposition of a military base involved the requisition of native lands for both the fort and the territory needed to feed and exercise the soldiers' animals. The imposition of military rule also robbed local leaders of opportunities to participate in local government, so social development was stunted and the seeds of disaffection sown. This then meant that the military had to remain to suppress rebellion and organize government.

留下 these troops had a considerable impact on Britain;也就是第一句说的是罗马军队对英国有影响。这句话相当于对题目的阐述，交代了文章的整个大背景。之后2～4句其实交代前提，开始具体的说开，要估算军队对平民的影响首先要了解一个事实：士兵不是平均分布的。那既然不是平均分布，肯定是有多有少的。所以，第三句接着说了有些地方士兵少：很快融入帝国的区域;第四句说有些地方士兵多影响大：军队驻扎的地方。第5～7句说回重点，也就是what，到底有哪些影响：军营先要征地;然后会抢走当地领导参与政府的机会;之后社会发展受阻，人民不满而反抗，最后军事镇压。

首段的第一句话，虽然句子很长，但其实只需要抓住结构层次进行分析就能找到阅读重点。

所以总共7句话的段落，分层三个层次，主旨句+前提说明+重点阐述。事实上，段落第一句就完成了background+introduction双重目的：英国被罗马帝国征服+ 士兵的营地/防御工事以及参与当地经济所造成的影响。

Economic exchange was clearly very important as the Roman army brought with it very substantial spending power. …… Such activities had a major effect on the local area, in particular with the construction of infrastructure such as roads, which improved access to remote areas.

第二段一开始就交代了经济交换的影响：强大的购买力，以及帮助修建基础设施。

Each soldier received his pay, but in regions without a developed economy there was initially little on which it could be spent. …… These settlements acted like small towns, becoming centers for the artisan and trading populations.

第三段还是在讲经济：刚来的时候士兵有钱没地方花;最后军队驻扎地变成了小镇。

The army also provided a mean of personal advancement for auxiliary soldiers recruited from the native peoples, as a man obtained hereditary Roman citizenship on retirement after service in an auxiliary regiment. …… By the later Roman period, frontier garrisons (groups of soldiers) were only rarely transferred, service in units became effectively hereditary, and forts were no longer populated or maintained at full strength.

第四段开始讲另一个重大影响：当地人通过当兵获得可继承的罗马公民地位。

This process of settling in as a community over several generations, combined with local recruitment, presumably accounts for the apparent stability of the British northern frontier in the later Roman period. It also explains why some of the forts continued in occupation long after Rome ceased to have any formal authority in Britain, at the beginning of the fifth century A.D. The circumstances that had allowed natives to become Romanized also led the self-sustaining military community of the frontier area to become effectively British.

第五段，做了个小总结，讲这种融合过程及当地招募促进了北部边境的稳定。

通过上文实例讲解，相信大家对于托福阅读说明文的基本结构和解题思路也有了一定了解。之后大家在通过一些练习加深对说明文的认识和解题方法，以后面对这类高频阅读文章类型就能顺利解答确保得分了。

托福阅读真题原题+题目

The economic depression in the late-nineteenth-century United States contributed significantly to a growing movement in literature toward realism and naturalism. After the 1870's, a number of important authors began to reject the romanticism that had prevailed immediately following the Civil War of 1861-1865 and turned instead to realism. Determined to portray life as it was, with fidelity to real life and accurate representation without idealization, they studied local dialects, wrote stories which focused on life in specific regions of the country, and emphasized the true relationships between people. In doing so, they reflected broader trends in the society, such as industrialization, evolutionary theory which emphasized the effect of the environment on humans, and the influence of science.

Realists such as Joel Chandler Harris and Ellen Glasgow depicted life in the South, Hamlin Garland described life on the Great Plains, and Sarah Orne Jewett wrote about everyday life in rural New England. Another realist, Bret Harte, achieved fame with stories that portrayed local life in the California mining camps. Samuel Clemens, who adopted the pen name Mark Twain, became the country's most outstanding realist author, observing life around him with a humorous and skeptical eye. In his stories and novels, Twain drew on his own experiences and used dialect and common speech instead of literary language, touching off a major change in American prose style.

Other writers became impatient even with realism. Pushing evolutionary theory to its limits, they wrote of a world in which a cruel and merciless environment determined human fate. These writers, called naturalists, often focused on economic hardship, studying people struggling with poverty, and other aspects of urban and industrial life. Naturalists brought to their writing a passion for direct and honest experience.

Theodore Dreiser, the foremost naturalist writer, in novels such as Sister Carrie, grimly portrayed a dark world in which human beings were tossed about by forces beyond their understanding or control. Dreiser thought that writers should tell the truth about human affairs, not fabricate romance, and Sister Carrie, he said, was not intended as a piece of literary craftsmanship, but was a picture of conditions.

1. Which aspect of late-nineteenth-century United States literature does the passage mainly

discuss?

(A) The influence of science on literature

(B) The importance of dialects for realist writers

(D) The effects of industrialization on romanticism

2. The word prevailed in line 4 is closest in meaning to

(A) dominated

(B) transformed

(D) generalized

3. The word they in line 8 refers to

(A) authors

(B) dialects

(D) relationships

4. According to the passage , a highly significant factor in the development of realist and

naturalist literature was

(A) the Civil War

(B) a recognition that romanticism was unpopular

(D) an economic depression

5. Realist writers took an interest in all of the following EXCEPT

(A) human relationships

(B) characteristics of different regions

(D) social and historical theories

6. The word depicted in line 11 is closest in meaning to

(A) emphasized

(B) described

(D) classified

7. Why does the author mention mining camps in line 14?

(A) To contrast the themes of realist and naturalist writers

(B) To illustrate how Bret Harte differed from other authors

(D) As an example of how setting can influence literary style

8. Which of the following wrote about life in rural New England?

(A) Ellen Glasgow

(B) Sarah Orne Jewett

(D) Mark Twain

9. Mark Twain is considered an important literary figure because he

(A) was the first realist writer in the United States

(B) rejected romanticism as a literary approach

(D) influenced American prose style through his use of common speech

10. The word foremost in line 25 is closest in meaning to

(A) most difficult

(B) interesting

(D) leading

11. Which of the following statements about Theodore Dreiser is supported by the passage ?

(A) He mainly wrote about historical subjects such as the Civil War.

(B) His novels often contained elements of humor.

(D) He believed writers should emphasize the positive aspects of life.

PASSAGE 83 CAADC BCBDD C

篇7：托福阅读部分已考过的138个题材

托福阅读部分已考过的138个题材(1)

TOEFL历年考题

1. 树叶为何变颜色

2. 瑞典诺贝尔文学评委会

3. 民众抗命 Civil Disobedience

4. 陨石坑 Craters

5. 英法战争

6. 车票打孔与计算机雏形

7. 地衣 LICHEN

8. 路易斯安娜洲购买后的皮毛买卖

9. 同步通讯卫星

10. 聊天对于南方女作家的社会影响

11. 睡眠

12. 人物（女）Amelia 和Muriel的男性化成长

13. 塑料

14. 芝加哥

15. 人物（男）雕塑家Frederic Remington

16. 动物身上为何不生出轮子

17. 树的生存方式

18. 摩天大楼―美国的特征

19. 加洲北水南调工程

20. 蜜蜂意识测试

21. Navajo人的起源

22. 为美国护士教育的抗争

23. 人物（女）建筑师Julia Morgan

24. 沼泽中的动物

25. 供求与市场价格

26. 增重的可能因素

27. 单间教室的好处

28. 小麦与人类文明

29. 铁路电报的发展

30. 美国殖民期间的建筑风格与材料

31. 卫星的内外结构和动力

32. 玩耍的起源和意义

33. 1800’s 毯子的风格

34. Anasazi印第安人

35. 大气中的水

36. 一战对美国的影响

37. 蜂的社会结构

38. 第五大街291号画廊和画家（女）Georgia O’Keeffe的抽象风格

39. 美洲鳄鱼交配后

40. 人物（女）摄影家Barbara Kasten 的技法

41. 国家冰河公园周围的土地保护

42. 乳化过程 EMUSIFY

43. 美国独立史

44. 人物（女）作家Carson Mccullers

45. 作物水喷洒计

46. 价格体系的解释

47. 干酪阻碍牙齿损坏

48. 偏见

49. 星的亮度

50. 回声

51. 华盛顿DC的建立

52. 莺科鸣禽对树上食物的'划分

53. 婴儿的大脑成熟和感情发育

54. 人物（女）作家Ellen Glasgow笔下的南方复兴

55. 牛仔的服装和用具

56. 食物网

57. 社会功能良性运转中的一个时间量度

58. 地球板块

59. 神迹剧Oratorio

60. 购买Louisiana

61. 听力测试法

62. 动物: 濑鱼Wrasse

63. 纽约作为商业中心的兴起

64. 民谣的形式

65. 铝

66. 植树节Arbor Day

67. 牛胃

68. 作家Sinclair Lewis的作品main Street

69. 植物的根

70. 科学家对自然现象解释的不同方法（病理学Pathological，生理学Physiology）

篇8：托福阅读说明文题材详细解析实例分析

托福阅读说明文题材详细解析实例分析从结构开始学习解题思路

托福阅读说明文结构讲解

官方真题Official-19 The Roman Army's Impact on Britain

首段的第一句话，虽然句子很长，但其实只需要抓住结构层次进行分析就能找到阅读重点。

第二段一开始就交代了经济交换的影响：强大的购买力，以及帮助修建基础设施。

第三段还是在讲经济：刚来的时候士兵有钱没地方花;最后军队驻扎地变成了小镇。

第四段开始讲另一个重大影响：当地人通过当兵获得可继承的罗马公民地位。

第五段，做了个小总结，讲这种融合过程及当地招募促进了北部边境的稳定。

托福阅读：词汇题分析整理

例题1 Passage:

“In the animal world the task of moving about is fulfilled in many ways. For some animals locomotion isaccomplished by changes in body shape…” The word locomotion in the passage is closest in meaning to

A.evolution

B.movement

C.survival

D.escape

正确答案是B。

例题2 Passage:

“Some poisonous snake bites need to be treated immediately or the victim will suffer paralysis…” In stating that the victim will suffer paralysis the author means that the victim will

A.lose the ability to move

B.become unconscious

C.undergo shock

D.feel great pain

正确答案是A。

托福阅读：易混淆的词组

1) quite 相当 quiet 安静地

2) affect v 影响, 假装 effect n 结果, 影响

3) adapt 适应 adopt 采用 adept 内行

4) angel 天使 angle 角度

5) dairy 牛奶厂 diary 日记

6) contend 奋斗, 斗争 content 内容, 满足的 context 上下文 contest 竞争, 比赛

7) principal 校长, 主要的 principle 原则

8) implicit 含蓄的 explicit 明白的

9) dessert 甜食 desert 沙漠 v 放弃 dissert 写论文

10) pat 轻拍 tap 轻打 slap 掌击 rap 敲，打

11) decent 正经的 descent n 向下, 血统 descend v 向下

12) sweet 甜的 sweat 汗水

13) later 后来 latter 后者 latest 最近的 lately adv 最近

14) costume 服装 custom习惯

15) extensive 广泛的 intensive 深刻的

16) aural 耳的 oral 口头的

17) abroad 国外 aboard 上(船，飞机)

18) altar 祭坛 alter 改变

19) assent 同意 ascent 上升 accent 口音

20) champion 冠军 champagne 香槟酒 campaign 战役

21) baron 男爵 barren 不毛之地的 barn 古仓

22) beam 梁，光束 bean 豆 been have 过去式

23) precede 领先 proceed 进行，继续

24) pray 祈祷 prey 猎物

25) chicken 鸡 kitchen 厨房

26) monkey 猴子 donkey 驴

27) chore 家务活 chord 和弦 cord 细绳

28) cite 引用 site 场所 sight 视觉

29) clash (金属)幢击声 crash 碰幢，坠落 crush 压坏

30) compliment 赞美 complement 附加物

31) confirm 确认 conform 使顺从

32) contact 接触 contract 合同 contrast 对照

33) council 议会 counsel 忠告 consul 领事

34) crow 乌鸦 crown 王冠 clown 小丑 cow 牛

35) dose 一剂药 doze 打盹

36) drawn draw 过去分词 drown 溺水

篇9：托福阅读文章题材出处总结

托福阅读的文章一般也来自于各大媒体刊登的内容，具体的我们了解了文章的出处，可以寻找这些刊物作文泛读练习的材料，这对于我们阅读的备考，也有很大的帮助。

托福阅读文章题材出处总结

1、英语高级报纸(1)、《纽约时报》The New York Times：www.nytimes-se.com

(2)、《纽约客》The New Yorker：www.newyorker.com

(3)、《泰晤士报》 Times：www.thetimes.co.uk

(4)、《卫报》 The Guardian：www.guardian.co.uk

(5)、《观察家报》 The Observer：www.observer.co.uk

(6)、《星期日报》The Sunday Times：www.sunday-times.co.uk

2、英语通俗报纸

(1)、《每日快报》 The Daily Express：www.express.co.uk

(2)、《每日邮报》 The Daily Mail：www.dailymail.co.uk

(3)、《世界新闻报》 The News of the World：www.newsoftheworld.co.uk

3、英语主要期刊简介

(1)、《国家地理》National Geographic

(2)、《大西洋月刊》The Atlantic Monthly

(3)、《经济学家》The Economist 1843年创刊，与《金融时报》同属“皮尔逊父子公司”所有。www.economist.com

(4)、《旁观者》The Spectator创刊于1828年，是英国全国性周刊中历史最久的杂志。www.spectator.co.uk

(5)、《新政治家》The New Statesman 创刊于1934年，主要发表有关政治、社会问题、书刊、电影、戏剧等方面的评论。www.newstatesman.co.uk

(6)、《妇女界》The Woman’s Own创刊于1932年，是图文并茂的妇女月刊，女性朋友必看。www.ipcmedia.com

(7)、《泰晤士报文学增刊》The Times Literary Supplement, The TLS每周出一期，是英国最有影响的文学周刊之一。www.the-tls.co.uk

(8)、《新共和》The New Republic

(9)、《连线》Wired

(10)、《高等教育纪事报》The Chronicle of Higher Education

4、其他周刊及科普刊物

周刊 (Weeklies) ：

(1)、《侦探》 (Private Eye)：www.private-eye.co.uk (适合喜欢破案类小说的中学生)

(2)、《笨拙》 (Punch)：www.punch.co.uk (不错的漫画类杂志)

(3)、《听众》 (The Listener) ： www.listener.co.nz

(4)、《闲暇》 (Time Out) ： www.timeout.com/london (是伦敦一本很好的休闲杂志，它的网站也很棒)

科普 (Scientific periodicals)：

(1)、《科学美国人》Scientific American

(2)、《发现》 Discovery www.discovery.com

(3)、《自然》 Nature www.nature.com

托福阅读材料：威廉王子明年搬家或辞职

Since Duke and Duchess of Cambridge became parents three years ago, they have turned Anmer Hall in Norfolk into their perfect family home, offering a “normal” childhood for Prince George and Princess Charlotte away from prying eyes.

自从剑桥公爵夫妇于三年前成为父母，他们就把诺福克的安莫堡当成自己理想的家园，从而为乔治王子和夏洛特公主提供一个远离窥视的“正常”童年生活。

In 2017, however, they are expected to leave it behind after deciding Prince George should be schooled in London and that Kensington Palace should be their full-time base.

然而，2017年，在决定让乔治王子去伦敦上学后，他们有望离开安莫堡，把肯辛顿宫作为大本营。

The Duke and Duchess are also ready to step up their royal duties, with the Duke contemplating giving up his career as a helicopter pilot to take up a full-time public role.

剑桥公爵夫妇也准备履行他们的皇家职责，而威廉王子打算放弃他的直升机飞行员事业来全职从事公共服务。

Sources close to the couple have said they are committed to expanding their own Royal Foundation charity by giving more time to pet causes including mental health.

知情人士表示，剑桥公爵夫妇致力于投入更多的时间关注宠物事业以及心理健康，来发展他们自己的皇家慈善基金会。

They have told friends they expect 2017 to be a milestone year, in which they settle into roles that will last until they become king and queen.

他们告诉朋友，希望2017年会成为具有里程碑意义的一年，这一年他们将逐步适应自己的皇室角色直到他们成为国王和王后。

The Duke and Duchess and Prince Harry have carried out more engagements this year than in 2015.

与2015年相比，今年剑桥公爵夫妇以及哈里王子就承担了更多的皇室职责。

Royal sources said that trend would continue in 2017 as they help to lighten the workload for the Queen, who will be 91 in April, and the Duke of Edinburgh, who will be 96 in June.

据皇室消息透露，2017年，他们会延续这一趋势，帮助女王减轻工作负担，(毕竟)4月份女王就91岁了，而6月份爱丁堡公爵就96岁了。

Before Christmas the Queen passed on her patronages of 25 organisations to members of the Royal family including the Duke and Duchess.

圣诞节之前，女王把她在25个组织中的职权传给了剑桥公爵夫妇等皇室家族成员。

托福阅读材料：林肯的10句经典名言

1.Nearly all men can stand adversity, but if you want to test a man's character, give him power.

1.几乎所有的人都能忍受逆境，但如果你想测试一个人的性格，那就给他权力。

2.Most folks are about as happy as they make up their minds to be.

2.大多数人的快乐程度都是他们自己设定的。

3.And in the end, it's not the years in your life that count. It's the life in your years.

3.最后，重要的不是你活了多久，而是怎么活。

4.Always bear in mind that your own resolution to succeed is more important than any other.

4.永远记住，你成功的决心比什么都重要。

5.You can fool some of the people all of the time, and all of the people some of the time, but you can not fool all of the people all of the time.

5.你可以一直欺骗一些人，也可以在一定时间内欺骗所有人，但你不可能一直欺骗所有人。

6.A house divided against itself cannot stand.

6.一个分裂的家是没有立足之地的。

7.Better to remain silent and be thought a fool than to speak out and remove all doubt.

7.做一个消除一切疑虑的出头鸟，还不如保持沉默被当成傻子。

8.Whatever you are, be a good one.

8.无论你是什么，都要做到最好。

9.Character is like a tree and reputation like a shadow. The shadow is what we think of it; the tree is the real thing.

9人品就像是树，而声誉是树荫。我们想到的是树荫，而树才是本体。

10.Those who deny freedom to others deserve it not for themselves.

10.那些不愿给别人自由的人，不配拥有它。

托福阅读材料：咖啡厅里的故事

I used to believe courtesy was a thing of the past. Very seldom have I encountered a courteous human being in this modern era of the so called Generation X.

我曾经一度认为礼节是过去才为人崇尚的事。在如今这个被称作“被遗忘的一代”的现代社会中，我已经很难碰到一个能被称作是“绅士”的人。

Recently, I had to change my thinking, when I came face to face with just such a human being. I had gone to a happening coffee place, with two of my grown up daughters. The place was crowded with the usual loud crowd and we had to climb a steep flight of stairs in order to find an empty table. After enjoying coffee and snacks, we were at the steep descent down the stairs, where the narrow space made climbing down only possible in a single file, with hardly any space for another person to either climb up or come down.

最近，在我遇到这样一个人后，我的想法改变了。我和两个已成年的女儿一起去了一家咖啡厅。但这家咖啡厅挤满了吵闹的人群，所以我们不得不爬上陡峭的楼梯才找到了空桌。在享用过咖啡和点心之后，我们走在陡峭的楼梯上准备下楼，在那样狭窄的空间里只能供一个人上下楼，几乎没有任何空间可以让另一个人爬上去或下来。

Just as I was in the middle of my descent, a gentleman entered the main entrance of the restaurant which was right in front of the staircase. I was sure I would be pushed roughly by this man who will want to go up in a hurry. I kept coming down as fast as I could, holding on to the bannister, in lieu of my advanced years. My agile daughters were already down, looking up at me worriedly, hoping I would reach them before the stranger started up the stairs, knowing I was a nervous sort.

当我下楼梯走到一半时，一个绅士从咖啡厅的正门，也是楼梯的右前方走了进来。我敢肯定我会被这个着急上楼的人粗暴地推开。于是我抓住了扶手，并用我有史以来最快的速度下楼。我那两个动作敏捷的女儿已经下楼了，她们忧心忡忡地抬头看着我，希望我能够在这个陌生人上楼前下来，因为她们知道我是一个容易神经紧张的人。

Nearly reaching them, I noticed the man still standing near the door. I reached my daughters and passed the stranger at the entrance door which he kept holding open. I looked back thinking he was still at the door, deciding whether to go in or find another less crowded place. I saw him going up the stairs, two at a time. I told my daughters about it and all three of us felt bad that we did not even thank the courteous gentleman who was actually holding the door open for us ladies to pass through before going up.

在快走到楼下时，我注意到那个人仍然站在门口。我走到我的女儿身边，经过那个站在门口的陌生人身旁时发现他用手抵住了门。我回头看了看，以为他还在门口，决定着是否要进去光顾或是找另一家人少的店。但我看见他以一步两阶楼梯的速度上了楼。我把我看到的告诉了女儿们，我们三个人都因为那位彬彬有礼的绅士在上楼前拉住了门让我们先行，但我们因没有感谢他而深感愧疚。

We applauded his chivalry for both, waiting for us to come down before going up himself and also holding the main entrance door open for us to go out. Such well mannered people are hard to find these days, when shoving, jostling and pushing is very common in our advanced but aggressive society. Till date, I remember this gentleman and pray to God to make more human beings like him.

那位绅士在上楼前等待我们先下楼，并且为我们拉开门以方便我们出去，我们都为他这样的骑士精神赞不绝口。在当今推搡冲撞现象横行、先进却激进的社会中，这样有礼貌的人着实难寻。直到今天，我仍记得这位先生，祈求上帝能让更多的人和他一样以礼待人。

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