英语现在一般时态的知识总结

英语现在一般时态的知识总结

  总结是在某一时期、某一项目或某些工作告一段落或者全部完成后进行回顾检查、分析评价,从而得出教训和一些规律性认识的一种书面材料,写总结有利于我们学习和工作能力的提高,不妨让我们认真地完成总结吧。你想知道总结怎么写吗?以下是小编为大家收集的英语现在一般时态的知识总结,仅供参考,大家一起来看看吧。

英语现在一般时态的知识总结

  英语现在一般时态的知识总结 1

  一、 定义与讲解

  一般现在时:表示经常性的事情,经常性的动作或一般性事实。

  时间状语:often 经常,usually通常,always 总是,every每个,sometimes 有时,at …在几点钟

  只有在第三人称单数用动词的“三单变化”,其他用动词的原形。

  三单变化:1.多数在动词后+s play — plays like — likes

  (1)直接在动词词尾加-s.

  ask---asks work---works get---gets stay---stays

  (2)以字母s, x, ch, sh或o结尾的动词,在词尾直接加-es.

  watch---watches wish---wishes fix---fixes do---does

  go---goes pass---passes

  (3)以“辅音字母加 - y”结尾的动词,要先变y为i再加-es.

  try---tries study---studies cry---cries fly---flies

  2.不规则变化:

  be---- is are have----has

  二、一般现在时用法

  1. 表示经常性,习惯性,永久性的动作或存在的状态.通常与副词sometimes, often, usually, always, every day (year, month ), once (twice, three times) a day,等时间状语连用。

  They usually go to school by bike.

  I take the medicine three times a day.

  She helps her mother once a week.

  Mary’s father is a policeman.

  There are 50 students in my class.

  2. 表示客观真理,科学原理,自然现象,等客观事实或格言,谚语等。

  The sun rises in the east and sets in the west every day.

  The man who has never been to the Great Wall is not a real man.

  Tomorrow is Tuesday.

  三、一般现在时的句子转换:

  (1)当句子中有be动词或情态动词时,则把be动词或情态动词(can,could等等)提到主语的前面变成疑问句;在be动词或情态动词后面加not变成否定句.

  例:①陈述句:She is a student.

  疑问句→ Is she a student?

  否定句→ She is not a student.

  ②陈述句:I can swim.

  疑问句→ Can you swim

  否定句→ I can not swim.

  (2) 当句子中即没有be动词,也没有情态动词时,则在主语前加助动词do (you,以及复数), does(单数she,he,it)变成问句;在主语后谓语动词前加助动词don’t(I,you,以及复数), doesn’t(单数she,he,it)变成否定句,助动词后的动词要变成动词原形。

  例:①陈述句:We get up at 7:00 every morning.

  疑问句→Do you get up at 7:00 every morning?

  否定句→We don’t get up at 7:00 every morning.

  ②陈述句:She has a little brother.

  疑问句→ Does she have a little brother?

  否定句→ She doesn’t have a little brother.

  知识点总结

  一般现在时表示现在经常反复发生的动作、存在的状态或习惯性的动作的时态。

  一、一般现在时用法如下:

  1.表示现在的状态: e.g. He’s twelve. She’s at work.

  2.表经常或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语连用。: e.g. I get up at 6:30 every day.

  He reads English every morning.

  3.表主语具备的性格、能力和特征。 e.g. I dont like this book.

  4.表示客观事实和普遍真理。The earth moves around the sun.

  5. 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,常用一般现在时代替将来时。e.g. Ill write to you as soon as I arrive there.

  二、一般现在时构成:一般现在时用行为动词的原形,但第三人称单数作主语时,动词要用第三人称单数形式。第三人称单数形式的变化规则是:1.一般的动词词尾+S。2.以sh/ch/s/x结尾的词+es.3.以辅音字母+Y结尾的把Y变成i,+es。4.辅音字母+o结尾的.+es.

  基本结构:

  1.be动词

  肯定句: 主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如: I am a boy.我是一个男孩。

  否定句:主语+ be + not +其它。如:He is not a worker.他不是工人。

  一般疑问句:Be +主语+其它。 如:-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, Im not.

  特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:Where is my bike?

  2.行为动词

  1) 当主语为第一,二人称及复数时,助动词为do

  肯定句:主语+动词原形(+其它)。如: We often play basketball after school.

  否定句:主语+ dont+动词原形(+其它)。如:we don’t play basketball after school.

  一般疑问句:Do +主语+动词原形+其它?

  如: Do you often play basketball after school l? Yes, we do. / No, we dont.

  特殊疑问句:疑问词+以do开头的一般疑问句?

  如: What do you often do after school ?

  2) 当主语为第三人称单数时 , 助动词为does

  肯定句:主语+动词三单式(+其它)。如: He swims well.

  否定句:主语+ doesn’t+动词原形(+其它)。如:He doesn’t swim well..

  一般:Does +主语+动词原形+其它。

  如:Does he swim well ? Yes, he does. / No, he doesnt.

  特殊疑问句:疑问词+以does开头的一般疑问句?

  如: How does your father go to work?

  常见考法

  对于一般现在时的考查,多以单选或词语运用的形式考查学生在具体语境中灵活运用时态的能力。在考试中,会让选择be动词,或判断用一个动词的原型还是单三形式,或进行肯定句、否定句、疑问句之间的转换,或判断用正确时态。这在初一阶段是一个重点。

  典型例题:She will find him a kind man when she more about him.

  A. knows B. know C. will know D. is going to know

  解析:在时间、条件状语从句中,用一般现在时表将来时。She是一个单三人称,故用knows

  答案:A。

  误区提醒

  当用动词第三人称单数单数时,一定要正确运用。

  典型例题:Lucy (enjoy) music and she often sings songs.

  解析:从often可判断出本题表达的是经常性的事情,应该用一般现在时,主语Lucy是一 个人,为第三人称单数,所以enjoy 应变为单三形式,很多学生会把enjoy 变成enjoies ,但实际上enjoy 不符合“辅音字母+Y结尾”的条件,所以它应变为enjoys.

  答案:enjoys

  英语现在一般时态的知识总结 2

  1.动词不定式

  例1:A lot of young people are learning to drive cars. (同时发生)

  例2:All of us expected to discover a new oil field. (非谓语动词动作发生在后)

  例3:He is said to have studied English for three years. (非谓语动词动作发生在前)

  注:动词不定式的完成式有时用在intended, expected, meant, were to, was to等过去式的动词后面,表示未实现的行为。例如:

  1)I meant to have sent the book to you by mail. (我本想把这本书邮寄给你的。)

  2)He was to have been the new ambassador, but he fell ill. (他原是要任新大使的,但是他病了。)

  2.动名词

  例1:I am thinking of getting a new dictionary. (非谓语动词动作发生在后)

  例2:We enjoy watching colour TV. (与谓语动词动作同时)

  例3:He forgot having promised to write things for us. (非谓语动词动作发生在前。)

  3.分词

  例1:Singing a song, he came into the room. (非谓语动词动作与谓语动词动作同时发

  例2:Having written his composition, he went to have a heart to heart talk with Wang. (非谓语动词动作发生在前)

  非谓语动词的比较

  1.动名词和动词不定式在用法上的比较

  (1)一般说来动名词所表示的动作在意义上是比较抽象的、一般的,时间概念不强,不是指某一次的动作;而动词不定式所表示的动作则往往是具体的一次行为。例如:

  1)I like swimming, but I don’t like to swim today.

  2) They prefer staying indoors when the weather is cold.

  3) Would you prefer to stay at home this evening?

  (2)动词不定式的逻辑主语,常常是句子的主语或句中的某个词;而动名词的逻辑主语可能是句子主语或句中某个词,也可能是泛指一般人物,在句子里是找不着的。例如:

  1)I hate to be sitting idle. (我不想闲坐着。)(指自己)

  2)I hate saying nothing at a meeting but gossiping afterwards. (我不喜欢开会不说会后乱说。)(可能指自己,也可能泛指一般人)

  (3)有些词后既可接动名词亦可接动词不定式,但意义不同,如stop, remember, forget, neglect, omit, dislike, detests,begin, continue, start, regret, intend, attempt, propose等。例如:

  When the teacher came in, the students stopped talking. (talking 是宾语,指停止讲话这个动作)

  When the teacher came in, the students stopped to talk. (to talk是目的状语,指停下前一动作来进行talk)

  Remember, forget doing something (指已做过的事)

  Remember, forget to do something (指未做过的事)

  2.动名词和现在分词在用法上的区别

  (1)作定语的区别。分词往往表示它所修饰的词所做的动作,即逻辑主语是它所修饰的词;动名词往往表示与它所修饰的词有关的动作,即所修饰的词不能充当逻辑主语。例如:

  the raging storm (= the storm that is raging) (狂暴的风雨)(分词)

  scorching heat (= heat that is scorching) (炙人的热气)(分词)

  sleeping car (= a car for sleeping) (动名词)

  working method (= method of working)(动名词)

  (2)作表语的区别。分词作表语时保持它的形容词特征,动名词作表语时保持它的.名词特征。动名词作表语时常可与主语互换位置,分词则不行。例如:

  The novel is interesting. ( 现在分词)

  My job is teaching English. (动名词)

  (3)作状语的区别。分词具有副词特征,可以直接用作状语;动名词不具有副词特征,不能单独作状语,只有与介词结合时才能作状语。例如:

  1) Hearing the news, they immediately set off for the station. (分词作状语)

  2) Given another chance, I’ll do it much better. (分词作状语)

  3) After finishing his homework, he went to the reading-room. (动名词与介词一起作状语) 4) On coming in she laid a file of documents upon the table. (动名词与介词一起作状语) 3.动词不定式作宾语补语和现在分词作宾语补语的区别动词不定式只说明宾语的一个动作,而分词则说明宾语的动作正在进行。例如:

  1)Just then he heard someone sing in the next room. (在那时,他听见有人在隔壁房间里唱歌。)

  2)Just then he heard someone singing in the next room. (在那时,他听见有人正在隔壁房间里唱歌。)

  非谓语动词的一般式表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生或在其后发生,非谓语动词的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。

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