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篇1：高考听力特点及高分应试策略
高考听力特点及高分应试策略
自从高考英语加试听力以来，它在整个试卷中占有举足轻重的地位。听力所占分值较高（30分），超过了一直为广大师生所重视的书面表达(25分)，听力试题做得成功与否直接关系到考生的英语成绩。因此，广大考生必须认真研究分析高考英语听力试题特点及高考要求，只有明确了高考听力要求，了解了高考听力试题的题型结构和听力材料的特点，掌握了听力考试中的应试技巧，考生方能取胜听力、取胜英语、取胜高考，为进入理想的一、听力试题特点1. 语体、语音特点
作为语言运用能力的重要组成部分，高考英语听力以考查口头语言的理解为主要目的，要求考生能够听懂日常生活中的简短对话或独白。在语体方面，听力试题属于口语，它的结构不像书面语那么严谨，其句子短，重复率高，冗余信息多，诸多I’m afraid, Excuse me, why not, you see, you know, well, ah, er, I mean 之类的词语频频使用；在语音方面，有时会出现弱读、同化等现象；另外还会出现音素的省略，失去爆破等现象；这些都给听力理解造成了一定的困难。但是从整体上来说，高考英语听力的朗读发音清楚，语音清晰，语速正常。了解这些知识对听力理解是非常必要的。
2. 材料特点
（1）语料真实
高考听力材料都是来自实际生活的`真实语料，都是具有真实语境、真实动机、真实心态、真实人际关系和真实交际策略的实际语言活动。
（2）话题广泛
这些材料涉及到实际生活中的方方面面：购物、就餐、打电话、问路、看病、邀请、询问时间、谈论天气、假日活动、买票等，其内容包含新闻报道、社会生活、教育文化、风土人情、历史地理、科普知识、人物故事等。
（3）用词浅显，结构简单
听力试题中的词汇均为常用词汇，一般不会出现生僻词和超纲词，平均每句约8个单词，没有从句套从句的复杂结构句。
二、高考要求
高考英语听力一般从以下几方面考查考生对口头语言的理解能力：
1. 领略主旨大意，概括话题内容
这类试题在
[1] [2] [3] [4]
篇2：高考听力特点及高分应试策略
高考听力特点及高分应试策略
郭强珍
自从高考英语加试听力以来，它在整个试卷中占有举足轻重的地位。听力所占分值较高（30分），超过了一直为广大师生所重视的书面表达(25分)，听力试题做得成功与否直接关系到考生的英语成绩。因此，只有认真研究分析高考英语听力试题特点及高考要求，了解了高考听力试题的题型结构和听力材料的特点，掌握听力考试中的应试技巧，才能帮助学生取胜听力、取胜英语、取胜高考。
一、听力试题特点
1. 语体、语音特点
作为语言运用能力的重要组成部分，高考英语听力以考查口头语言的理解为主要目的，要求考生能够听懂日常生活中的简短对话或独白。在语体方面，听力试题属于口语，它的结构不像书面语那么严谨，其句子短，重复率高，冗余信息多，诸多I’m afraid, Excuse me, why not, you see, you know, well, ah, er, I mean 之类的词语频频使用；在语音方面，有时会出现弱读、同化等现象；另外还会出现音素的省略，失去爆破等现象；这些都给听力理解造成了一定的困难。但是从整体上来说，高考英语听力的朗读发音清楚，语音清晰，语速正常。
2. 材料特点
（1）材料真实
高考听力材料都是来自实际生活的真实语料，都是具有真实语境、真实动机、真实心态、真实人际关系和真实交际策略的实际语言活动。
（2）话题广泛
这些材料涉及到实际生活中的方方面面：购物、就餐、打电话、问路、看病、邀请、询问时间、谈论天气、假日活动、买票等，其内容包含新闻报道、社会生活、教育文化、风土人情、历史地理、科普知识、人物故事等。
（3）用词浅显，结构简单
听力试题中的词汇均为常用词汇，一般不会出现生僻词和超纲词，平均每句约8个单词，没有从句套从句的复杂结构句。
二、高考要求
高考英语听力一般从以下几方面考查考生对口头语言的理解能力：
1. 领略主旨大意，概括话题内容
这类试题在高考听力试题中约占2小题，它要求我们对听到的内容有一个整体的把握和全面的领会，抓住说话者究竟在说什么。任何一段对话或独白都是围绕一个中心展开的，有时主旨大意较明显，有时则需要归纳、概括。常见的提问方式有：
What’s the passage mainly about?
What’s the topic of the passage?
What are the two speakers doing?
What are the two speakers talking about?
What is the dialogue/conversation about?
为了把握所听内容的主旨要义，要从说话人的语气上体会主旨大意，抓住关键词，对语段进行整体理解。而不应纠缠在某些小细节上，这样往往会造成以偏概全。
2. 捕捉主要细节，确认具体事实
这类试题在高考听力试题中约占8小题。它要求我们听清、听懂与话题中心相关的具体信息，准确理解具体细节，如时间、地点、人物、价钱、数量、目的、原因、结果等。同时，还要求我们对所听到的信息进行简单的处理，比如数字运算、时间顺序、比较筛选、同义转换、因果关系等。理解具体信息有助于把握话题内容，领会说话者意图，这是听力考查的重点内容。常见的提问方式有：
Where is the woman going?
How does the man pay for the tickets?
What’s wrong with the girl?
When does the woman plan to arrive?
What’s the man’s house number?
How many hours does Tom sleep a day?
Why does the man thank the woman?
Which of the following is true?
细节问题一定是与整段材料的话题中心密切相关的，而不是纯粹为了追求细枝末节而设置的，这就需要在整体理解所听材料的基础上把听到的具体信息联系在一起，然后做出正确的理解与判断。
3. 推测谈话背景，辨认角色关系
这类试题在高考听力试题中约占5小题，要求我们从谈话或说话的话题和语气来推断出对话双方（或说话人）的职业身份，彼此之间（或与他人）的关系，对话发生的时间、地点或场合等。常见的提问方式有：
Where does this conversation take place?
Where is the woman speaking?
Where did the conversation most likely happen?
When does the dialogue take place?
Who do you think the woman probably is?
What’s the probable relationship between the speakers?
判断背景场合与说话者的身份对理解所听话语的真实含义是至关重要的。从某种意义上来说，对谈话或者说话发生的背景、说话者之间的关系的理解程度，也体现了我们对语篇整体输入或整体理解的能力。
4. 领会弦外之音，揣摩观点意图
这类试题在高考听力试题中约占5小题，它要求我们从话语中听出其中可能有的“弦外之音”，也就是揣摩说话人的意图、观点或态度等，常见的提问方式有：
What can we learn from the conversation/speakers?
What can we know /learn about the woman?
What does the man mean?
What does the speakers want to tell us?
What is the probable result of the conversation?
What’s the woman’s opinion about the man’s dress?
How does the woman think about the man’s way of working?
Which of the following words best describes the day the speaker had?
俗话说“听话要听音”，推测说话人的真实意图，把握了解其观点或态度是有一定难度的。这类问题常涉及到语言文化背景知识，需要我们在语言学习和听力理解训练中培养文化意识，提高自己的领悟能力。
三、听力应试技巧与策略
毫无疑问，好成绩的取得需要勤学苦练，具备扎实的语言知识功底是考好听力的前提。“梅花香自苦寒来”，只有勤学苦练方才熟能生巧。但也应认识到任何学科的考试都会有自身的规律和特点，如果我们能够根据这些规律和特点总结出一些方法和规律，并将它们应用于训练和测试中，定能收到事半功倍之效果。若要在考场上能够正常或者超常发挥，必须掌握以下几点应试策略：
1. 调整心理,稳定情绪，进入状态
听力测试也是对考生心理素质的检测，过于紧张焦急的情绪容易产生恐惧心理，影响听力水平的正常发挥。发试卷前最好做一做深呼吸或闭目片刻之类的放松活动，放松自己的情绪，使自己处于平静状态。树立必胜信念，心慌意乱于事无补，集中精力、临场不惧，才是明智之举。另外，听力试音的语速和音质与正式考试一致，因此，一定要听好试音，调整心态，尽早进入考试状态。
2. 快速抢读试题，积极进行预测，带着问题去听
高考英语听力测试题第二节整体听力部分，每段材料都设有2-4个问题。由于在听的过程中时间很有限，所以，我们在听对话之前应该抓紧时间空隙，整体阅读每段所设问题及选项内容。这样做既有利于我们预测将要听到的对话或独白中可能会出现的内容或话题，也能让我们提前了解到每段听力材料中可能会出现的单词，以便我们在听录音时能有目的地进行判断，抓住重点信息，而略过次要信息。例如高考英语听力测试题第6段第6-7题： 6. How does the man feel about David's way of sleeping? A. It's effective. B. It's strange. C. It's the best. 7. How many hours does David sleep a day? A. Four. B. Six.C. Seven. 通过整体浏览第6、7题及其选项，我们能预测到这段材料是关于David的睡眠情况的话题。浏览第6小题以后，我们会想到录音材料中必然会出现与选项有关的形容词。从对话中男士问“Where did he get that strange idea?”可知，这个男士有strange(奇怪)的感觉。浏览第7小题后，我们就能预测到听力材料中一定会有与数字有关的信息，而“... has a total of 4 hours sleep each day”最为关键。
3. 善于抓住关键词句，重视全文理解
捕捉信息重点是听力测试中的重要一环，不少人听力差的根本原因就是听录音时抓不住重点，只是盲目地逐字逐句地听，这样往往会产生捡了芝麻丢了西瓜的现象。听时重点要放在实词上，注意力要放在与问题相关的信息词上，像Well, unfortunately, however, but 等起导向作用的词，其后的内容必须留心。听对话时，要多注意答语的内容和语气，绝大部分信息都在答语中，且往往与答题有关；听独白时要重视首句，它常常是对短文内容的概括。另外，要注意整体理解，不要把思维停留在个别没听清楚的词句上，以免影响后面内容的理解。
4. 善于跳越难点，充分利用重复信息
听的时候，注意力要紧跟说话人的思路，有些同学往往在碰到听不懂的单词时停下来，想弄清楚这个单词的意思后再往下听，这种方法是不正确的。听到不懂的生词或有听不清的地方是正常的事，在这种情况下，要当机立断，毫不犹豫地大胆跳过去，接着往下听。有的时候，我们可以通过上下文猜测到该单词的大意，因为一般说来，对话中的词句，尤其是重要的词语，往往会以其他形式在对话中重现，我们称之为“多余信息的重现”，考生要培养这种跳越难点，从上下文判断词意的能力。
5. 结合语境、语调，推断真实含意
有的对话的答语似乎是答非所问，设置的题目也不直接，这就要求我们在听录音时，必须要通过想象，置身语境，进入角色，再把所处的情景与说话的重音、语调、语气及语义的整体含义结合起来，推断说话人的真实意图。
6.学会边听边记，防止遗忘
在高考英语听力测试中，由于成篇的听力材料的信息量大且集中，中间又夹杂着大量的冗余信息，再加上语言材料比较难，语速快，这就对考生对所听内容的理解和记忆能力提出了较高要求。所以，我们在听录音时，要养成边听边记的习惯。这里需强调指出的是听力测试中的“记”应是速记，而不是听写，速记时要使用自己认识的最简便的，最迅速的办法，记录时要有重点、有技巧。例如：有关数字的内容，用阿拉伯数字记录；地名、人名用相关的字母代替；单词用缩写；长句抓住主要意义的单词或短语等。这样，可以保证我们在听录音时，不会丢掉重要的细节，从而在选择答案时有据可依。例如20高考英语听力测试题第9段第14题：
14. What will the man do next morning?
A. Meet Mr. Cooper.
B. Visit the National Lab.
C. Meet Bill Lyons.
这是一段关于一位男士在今后几天里的工作安排计划。我们在听录音时，只需要参考自己所做的简要记录，就可以比较容易地选出正确答案。
7. 运用归纳、分析、综合等技巧推断最佳答案
纵观近几年高考英语听力试题，整体听力材料所提供的信息越来越大，句子长，结构复杂，所设问题综合性强。考生往往不能从材料中直接听到选项答案。不少答案需要考生能够在理解录音材料大意、掌握其中重要细节的基础上，再经过分析、判断，才能选出最佳答案。例如年高考英语听力测试题第7段第11题：
11. What's the weather like in the town during the day?
A. Cold. B. Wet.C. Warm.
本小题涉及综合判断与推理，三个选项没有直接给出答案，我们只能通过听到“You don't think it's going to be a bit cold at night at the seaside”来综合判断推理，说明白天的天气是温暖的。
8. 了解文体特点，注意结构层次
一般情况下，整体听力材料第6-10段中都有一段独白材料，这是高考英语听力测试中难度最大的一道题。我们在听这段材料时，如果能够充分了解短文的文体特点和结构层次，将有助于我们在听的过程中分清主次，将注意力集中在关键语句(主题句)和与问题有关的内容上来。近几年高考英语听力测试题所涉及的短文材料的题材大致可分为“故事、新闻、演讲”三大类。
1.故事
故事为记叙文体裁，文体特点以记人叙事为主。我们在听故事题材的短文时，要注意以时间先后为线索，掌握故事的大致情节；然后了解事情的发生和发展过程，记住主要的事实细节；最后要特别体会故事的结局寓意，要弄明白所讲故事的幽默之处或说明了一个什么道理。这样，我们才能把握故事大意，准确解答所给问题。例如高考英语听力测试题第10段第18-19小题：
18. Who is the speaker？
A. A student.B. A teacher.
C. An office clerk.
19. Why did the speaker get a parking ticket?
A. His car was parked for too long.
B. His car took up too much space.
C. He left his car in a wrong place.
通过整体浏览问题及选项，我们可以预测到，该段材料是关于讲话人有一天因他停车问题而接到一张罚款单以及其它不幸事情的经历。我们应该沿着短文中事情发生发展的顺序，把握事实细节，要特别注意短文中的一些重要信息，这样，回答所设问题就比较容易了。
2.新闻报道
新闻报道的文体特点及其层次结构一般是先用新闻导语简明扼要地介绍新闻的主要内容，它其中包括了新闻的五个要素即5个W( Who, What, When, Where, Why)和一个H(How)，然后再按其重要性原则逐一说明事实细节，新闻报道的最后一句往往是新闻事件当前的结果。因此，我们在听新闻时，要特别注意第一句话，听懂了第一句话，也就大致了解了该条新闻，也就把握了该新闻的主体内容，同时再注意文中细节，回答问题就比较容易了。例如高考英语听力测试题第10段第17-18小题:
17. Where did the fire probably start?
A. On the first floor.
B. On the second floor.
C. On the third floor.
18. When was the building built?
A. In 1718. B. In 1782. C. In 1930.
通过浏览所设问题，我们可以预测到，该段听力材料是以某建筑物遭遇火灾为话题的短文。当我们听到录音中第一句话“Now, back to the news.”我们便可预测到这是一段新闻报道，并在头脑中要立即反映出新闻报道题材的结构层次，同时要注意细听下面的新闻导语“An early morning fire damaged the historic Geller House today.”实际上这个新闻导语就已点明了新闻的主要内容，即告诉我们发生了火灾(fire)及火灾发生的地点(Geller House)。
3.演讲
演讲通常由开场白(introduction)、正文(body)、结尾(conclusion)三个部分组成。有关主题和演讲者身份的信息，一般在开场白中就可以获取；事实细节主要在演讲材料的第二部分；演讲者的观点和看法在结尾作总结时一般都会提到。例如：听下面一段材料，回答1-2小题：
1. What did the speaker use to do on Sunday?
A. He used to play in the street.
B. He used to stay at home all day.
C. He used to go to church three times.
2. What can we infer from the speech?
A. The speaker is a teacher.
B. The speaker wishes he were young again.
C. The speaker thinks children were happier in the past.
整体浏览两个小题可知，这是一篇关于作者过去生活情况的材料。在听的过程中，对这些事实细节的取舍就在于我们事先对所涉及问题的内容的了解。第1题为事实细节题，只要我们在听录音时，能带着问题将注意力集中在相关细节上，即可解答。第2小题为一道推理题，一般来说，这种推理题通常是考查考生对整篇短文中心思想的理解。根据我们对演讲题材结构层次的分析可知，其中心内容应出现在录音材料的最后一部分“Life was hard, but it was simple and people were happier. I don't think I like to be young today.”，这两句话概括了演讲者的观点和看法--现在年轻人并不像过去的年轻人那样生活得愉快。因此，在做此题时，应将注意力集中在录音材料的最后一部分。
当然，掌握听力解题技巧固然对提高听力测试成绩有很大帮助，但它绝不是决定因素。听力水平的提高，要靠长期艰苦的训练才能获得。我们坚信，只要我们能注重平时的基础训练，扎实练好基本功，再掌握一些科学、合理的听力技巧，就一定能在听力测试中得心应手。
篇3：关于高考听力特点及高分应试分析
自从高考英语加试听力以来，它在整个试卷中占有举足轻重的地位。听力所占分值较高（30分），超过了一直为广大师生所重视的书面表达(25分)，听力试题做得成功与否直接关系到考生的英语成绩。因此，广大考生必须认真研究分析高考英语听力试题特点及高考要求，只有明确了高考听力要求，了解了高考听力试题的题型结构和听力材料的特点，掌握了听力考试中的应试技巧，考生方能取胜听力、取胜英语、取胜高考，为进入理想的大学铺平道路。
一、听力试题特点
1. 语体、语音特点
作为语言运用能力的重要组成部分，高考英语听力以考查口头语言的理解为主要目的，要求考生能够听懂日常生活中的简短对话或独白。在语体方面，听力试题属于口语，它的结构不像书面语那么严谨，其句子短，重复率高，冗余信息多，诸多I’m afraid, Excuse me, why not, you see, you know, well, ah, er, I mean 之类的词语频频使用；在语音方面，有时会出现弱读、同化等现象；另外还会出现音素的省略，失去爆破等现象；这些都给听力理解造成了一定的困难。但是从整体上来说，高考英语听力的朗读发音清楚，语音清晰，语速正常。了解这些知识对听力理解是非常必要的。
2. 材料特点
（1）语料真实
高考听力材料都是来自实际生活的真实语料，都是具有真实语境、真实动机、真实心态、真实人际关系和真实交际策略的实际语言活动。
（2）话题广泛
这些材料涉及到实际生活中的方方面面：购物、就餐、打电话、问路、看病、邀请、询问时间、谈论天气、假日活动、买票等，其内容包含新闻报道、社会生活、教育文化、风土人情、历史地理、科普知识、人物故事等。
（3）用词浅显，结构简单
听力试题中的词汇均为常用词汇，一般不会出现生僻词和超纲词，平均每句约8个单词，没有从句套从句的复杂结构句。
二、高考要求
高考英语听力一般从以下几方面考查考生对口头语言的理解能力：
1. 领略主旨大意，概括话题内容
这类试题在高考听力试题中约占2小题，它要求我们对听到的内容有一个整体的把握和全面的领会，抓住说话者究竟在说什么。任何一段对话或独白都是围绕一个中心展开的，有时主旨大意较明显，有时则需要归纳、概括。常见的提问方式有：
What’s the passage mainly about?
What’s the topic of the passage?
What are the two speakers doing?
What are the two speakers talking about?
What is the dialogue/conversation about?
为了把握所听内容的主旨要义，要从说话人的语气上体会主旨大意，抓住关键词，对语段进行整体理解。而不应纠缠在某些小细节上，这样往往会造成以偏概全。
2. 捕捉主要细节，确认具体事实
这类试题在高考听力试题中约占8小题。它要求我们听清、听懂与话题中心相关的具体信息，准确理解具体细节，如时间、地点、人物、价钱、数量、目的、原因、结果等。同时，还要求我们对所听到的信息进行简单的处理，比如数字运算、时间顺序、比较筛选、同义转换、因果关系等。理解具体信息有助于把握话题内容，领会说话者意图，这是听力考查的重点内容。常见的提问方式有：
Where is the woman going?
How does the man pay for the tickets?
What’s wrong with the girl?
When does the woman plan to arrive?
What’s the man’s house number?
How many hours does Tom sleep a day?
Why does the man thank the woman?
Which of the following is true?
细节问题一定是与整段材料的话题中心密切相关的，而不是纯粹为了追求细枝末节而设置的，这就需要在整体理解所听材料的基础上把听到的具体信息联系在一起，然后做出正确的理解与判断。
3. 推测谈话背景，辨认角色关系
这类试题在高考听力试题中约占5小题，要求我们从谈话或说话的话题和语气来推断出对话双方（或说话人）的职业身份，彼此之间（或与他人）的关系，对话发生的时间、地点或场合等。常见的提问方式有：
Where does this conversation take place?
Where is the woman speaking?
Where did the conversation most likely happen?
When does the dialogue take place?
Who do you think the woman probably is?
What’s the probable relationship between the speakers?
判断背景场合与说话者的身份对理解所听话语的真实含义是至关重要的。从某种意义上来说，对谈话或者说话发生的背景、说话者之间的关系的理解程度，也体现了我们对语篇整体输入或整体理解的能力。
4. 领会弦外之音，揣摩观点意图
这类试题在高考听力试题中约占5小题，它要求我们从话语中听出其中可能有的弦外之音，也就是揣摩说话人的意图、观点或态度等，常见的提问方式有：
What can we learn from the conversation/speakers?
What can we know /learn about the woman?
What does the man mean?
What does the speakers want to tell us?
What is the probable result of the conversation?
What’s the woman’s opinion about the man’s dress?
How does the woman think about the man’s way of working?
Which of the following words best describes the day the speaker had?
俗话说听话要听音，推测说话人的真实意图，把握了解其观点或态度是有一定难度的。这类问题常涉及到语言文化背景知识，需要我们在语言学习和听力理解训练中培养文化意识，提高自己的领悟能力。
三、听力应试技巧与策略
毫无疑问，好成绩的取得需要勤学苦练，具备扎实的语言知识功底是考好听力的前提。梅花香自苦寒来，只有勤学苦练方才熟能生巧。但也应认识到任何学科的考试都会有自身的规律和特点，如果我们能够根据这些规律和特点总结出一些方法和规律，并将它们应用于训练和测试中，定能收到事半功倍之效果。若要在考场上能够正常或者超常发挥，必须掌握以下几点应试策略：
1. 调整心理,稳定情绪，进入状态
听力测试也是对考生心理素质的检测，过于紧张焦急的情绪容易产生恐惧心理，影响听力水平的正常发挥。发试卷前最好做一做深呼吸或闭目片刻之类的放松活动，放松自己的情绪，使自己处于平静状态。树立必胜信念，心慌意乱于事无补，集中精力、临场不惧，才是明智之举。另外，听力试音的语速和音质与正式考试一致，因此，一定要听好试音，调整心态，尽早进入考试状态。
2. 快速抢读试题，积极进行预测，带着问题去听
高考的听力问题和选项都印在试卷上，试卷发下后，考生要充分利用听力试音时间、每小题的间隙时间以及答题剩余的时间抢读问题和选项，并根据问题和选项预测听力材料内容。根据自己的预测，带着问题有针对性地去听，不仅使你在听到问题答案时加倍注意，还有助于使你注意力集中，思想不走神，从而大大提高答题的效率和准确性。
3. 善于抓住关键词句，重视全文理解
捕捉信息重点是听力测试中的重要一环，不少人听力差的根本原因就是听录音时抓不住重点，只是盲目地逐字逐句地听，这样往往会产生捡了芝麻丢了西瓜的现象。听时重点要放在实词上，注意力要放在与问题相关的信息词上，像Well, unfortunately, however, but 等起导向作用的词，其后的内容必须留心。听对话时，要多注意答语的内容和语气，绝大部分信息都在答语中，且往往与答题有关；听独白时要重视首句，它常常是对短文内容的概括。另外，要注意整体理解，不要把思维停留在个别没听清楚的词句上，以免影响后面内容的理解。
4. 善于跳越难点，充分利用重复信息
听的时候，注意力要紧跟说话人的思路，有些同学往往在碰到听不懂的单词时停下来，想弄清楚这个单词的意思后再往下听，这种方法是不正确的。听到不懂的生词或有听不清的地方是正常的事，在这种情况下，要当机立断，毫不犹豫地大胆跳过去，接着往下听。有的时候，我们可以通过上下文猜测到该单词的大意，因为一般说来，对话中的词句，尤其是重要的词语，往往会以其他形式在对话中重现，我们称之为多余信息的重现，考生要培养这种跳越难点，从上下文判断词意的能力。
5. 结合语境、语调，推断真实含意
有的对话的答语似乎是答非所问，设置的题目也不直接，这就要求我们在听录音时，必须要通过想象，置身语境，进入角色，再把所处的情景与说话的重音、语调、语气及语义的整体含义结合起来，推断说话人的真实意图。
6. 学会边听边记，防止遗忘
听力测试中，尤其是听短文时，听清楚或是听懂全部内容是比较难的，同时完全准确地记住全部信息也不容易，因此适当记录是有必要的，好记性还不如烂笔头呢。这里需强调指出的是听力测试中的记应是速记，而不是听写，速记时要使用自己认识的最简便的，最迅速的办法，例如，字母、缩写符号甚至中文或只有自己才能辨认的符号。
7. 眼耳并用，听读结合
听录音时，要养成眼耳并用的习惯，一边用耳朵听，一边用眼睛浏览各个选项，做到听与思考记忆相结合，捕捉信息与选择答案相结合，听与阅读、选择同时进行。
[关于高考听力特点及高分应试分析]
篇4：高考英语动词时态题设题特点及应试策略
一、高考英语动词时态题设题特点及应试策略
动词时态题是高考英语单项选择题中的一项测试重点。随着单项题设题语境化因素的进一步强化，动词时态题在语境中进行测试的这一特点更趋突出，由此给考生的应试增加了一定的难度。结合历年高考英语试题中动词时态题，现将其设题特点及应试策略分析如下：
一、题干中直接性地给定时间状语，让考生通过对题干中所提供的时间状语及对语境的分析即能作出正确的判断，从而考查考生对动词时态基本用法的掌握情况
例1．How can you possibly miss the news？ It ________ on TV all day long.（高考北京卷）
A. has been B. had been C. was D. will be
解析 选A 该题在语境中测试现在完成时的基本用法。根据语境中说话人前一分句所用动词时态（can miss）以及选项中所给时间状语all day long可知，说话人所强调的动作是到现在为止之前一直在进行的动作，而且还要继续下去的动作，故该题应选用现在完成时。选项B、C、D显然不符题意。
例2．All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor, her nervousness_____. (NMET )
A. has grown B. is growing C. grew D. had grown
解析 选C 该题测试一般过去时在由as引导的时间状语从句结构中的运用。分析句意可知，as在此引导时间状语从句，强调“一边……一边……”之意。主句的谓语动词与从句的谓语动词同时进行，且都发生在过去。这种情况下，as引导的主从句的谓语动词通常都用一般过去时。
例3．At this time tomorrow _______ over the Atlantic. (NMET2003北京)
A. we’re going to fly B. we’ll be flying C. we’ll fly D. we’re to fly
解析 选B 该题测试将来进行时在含有将来时间状语的句式结构中的运用。分析句中时间状语at this time tomorrow表示将来具体某一时刻，说明句中谓语动词是在将来某一时刻要发生的事，且强调正在进行的动作，故应选用将来进行时。
例4．John and I _______ friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we _______ each other a couple of times before that. (NMET 春)
A. had been; have seen B. have been; have seen
C. had been; had seen D. have been; had seen
解析 选D 该题题干长，信息量大，但题干中提供了具体时间状语，降低了测试难度。根据上下文语境，第一空句中谓语动词的动作强调到现在为止已有8年，故应用现在完成时；第二空句中时间状语before that，that代指的是we first got to know each other at a Christmas party，强调在过去某点时间之前所发生的事，故应选用过去完成时。
应试策略
解答该类动词时态题型首先要求考生要加强基础训练，夯实运用动词时态的基本功，要正确认识不同的时间状语在不同的动词时态中运用。考生在解答该类题型时，应充分利用题干中所给时间状语及所提供的语境，准确把握各个时间状语在各种不同动词时态中的运用，正确区分同一个时间状语在多种时态中的用法，最终作出正确选择。
实战演练
1. -How are you today？
-Oh, I ________as ill as I do now for a very long time .
A. didn’t feel B. wasn’t feeling C. don’t feel D. haven’t felt
2. -Was the driving pleasant when you were in Shanghai last summer？
-No, it ________ for four days when we arrived, so the roads were very muddy.
A. was raining B. would be raining C. have rained D. had been raining
3. The last time I _______ Jane, she _______cotton in the field.
A. had seen; picked B. had seen; was picking C. saw; picked D. saw; was picking
4. -Sorry, I’m late because driving here was slow because of the traffic.
-That’s all right. I ________long.
A. won’t be waiting B. haven’t been waiting C. don’t wait D. didn’t wait
5. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, ________ and perfected now.
A. developed B. have developed C. are being developed D. will have been developed
二、题干中给定时间状语，但所给时间状语干扰性强、迷惑性大，考生必须根据上下文语境进行判断，才能作出解答。该题型着重考查考生对某些时间状语在特定语境中的动词时态的特殊运用的掌握情况
例5． I _______while reading the English textbooks. Luckily, my roommate woke me up in time. （20春季高考北京卷）
A. had fallen asleep B. have fallen asleep C. fell asleep D. fall asleep
解析 选C 分析该题题干，while reading the English textbooks为现在分词作时间状语，因其没有明确为过去时间所发生的动作，还是现在时间所发生的动作，所以，干扰了考生的思维，让考生产生了定视。不少考生没有继续读完后一分句，没能看到后一分句中的一般过去时，都认为前一分句是现在时间所发生的动作，而误选了选项B、D。实际上，考生在解答该题时，只要能读完整个题干，把握住句中动作所发生的时间段，便能作出正确选择。
例6．Why don’t you put the meat in the fridge？ It will _______fresh for several days. (NMET2003)
A. be stayed B. stay C. be staying D. have stayed
解析 选B 该题在语境中测试一般将来时、将来进行时以及将来完成时的用法区别。该题的关键是句中所提供的时间状语for several days干扰了考生的思维，不少考生因定势思维的影响，总认为介词for引导的一段时间作状语，用于完成时的结构中，而误选了答案D（将来完成时）。事实上，介词for引导的一段时间作状语既可用于完成时，也可用于将来时和一般过去式，而将来完成时常用于by 或by the end of引导的时间状语的句式结构中。
例7．-You haven’t said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it？
-I’m sorry I ______ anything about it sooner. I certainly think it’s pretty on you.（NMET 02）
A. wasn’t saying B. don’t say C. won’t say D. didn’t say
解析 选D 该题测试一般过去式在语境中的运用。题干中所提供的时间状语sooner给考生的思维带来了很大的干扰性。通常情况下，考生对时间状语soon理解为“不久，很快”，故很多考生受其影响，都误选了选项C（一般将来时）。而sooner在此意为“先前、早些时候”，强调过去，同时根据答话人的语气I’m sorry，也说明了对过去所发生事情作出的歉意。所以，应选一般过去时。
例8．He will have learned English for eight years by the time he ________from the university next year. (2002 上海)
A. will graduate B. will have graduated C. graduates D. is to graduate
解析 选C 该题测试将来时间状语用于时间状语从句中，从句中的谓语动词使用一般现在时代指将来时态的用法。一般情况下，当题中出现了将来时间状语时，常用一般将来时。但该题中将来时间状语next year干扰了考生的正常思维，给考生产生了定势，误导考生在A、B、C三个选项中徘徊。事实上，当一个状语从句中出现了将来时间状语时，主句常用将来时（一般将来时或过去将来时），而从句则用一般时态（一般现在时或一般过去时）或完成时态（现在完成时或过去完成时）。
例9．Shirley ______a book about China last year but I don’t know whether she has finished it. (NMET)
A. has written B. wrote C. had written D. was writing
解析 选D 该题测试过去时间状语与过去进行时态在英语句式中的特殊用法。题中过去时间状语last year导致了考生的定势思维，不少考生因此而误选了选项B（一般过去时）。分析上下文语境可知，选项部分的谓语动词的动作并非在过去某一时间已经完成，而是指在过去某一时间正在进行，故应选过去进行时。注意：在这一句式结构中，只有延续性动词才可与过去时间状语用于过去进行时，强调在过去某一时间正在进行的动作。
应试策略
解答该类题型时，我们要特别注意不能受题干中所给时间状语的迷惑，要注意分析题中所给时间状语在特定语境中的运用，排除干扰，充分运用题干中所暗示的条件，根据上下文语境作出正确判断。
实战演练
1. -Can I help you, sir？
-Yes, I bought this radio here yesterday, but it _________.
A. didn’t work B. won’t work C. can’t work D. doesn’t work
2. Many years ago, Jane ________ in a flat with her grandma for a long period of time.
A. had been living B. had lived C. has been living D. lived
3. -Long time to see. Haven’t you graduated from college？
-Yes. I _______English for four years in Nantong.
A. study B. have studied C. am studying D. studied
4. The computers made by our company sell best, but several years ago no one could have imagined the role in the market that they _________.
A. were playing B. were to play C. had played D. played
5. -Hello, Jim. I_____to see you today. Jane said you _____ ill.
-Oh, I’m OK.
A. don’t expect; were B. haven’t expected; are
C. am not expecting; are D. didn’t expect; were
三、题干中不直接给定时间状语，句中动词时态的确定必须完全根据上下文的语境来判断。着重考查考生对动词时态在语境中进行使用的分析判断能力和灵活运用能力
例10．-Sorry to have interrupted you. Please go on.
-Where was I？
-You _________you didn’t like your father’s job. （年春季高考北京卷）
A. had said B. said C. were saying D. had been saying
解析 选C 该题测试过去进行时在特定语境中的运用。根据题干所提供的情景，题干中没有明确的表示过去进行时的时间状语，考生仅能通过上下文语境及说话人的意图所指动作发生时间，才能判断出该动作并非指现在，而是发生在过去且强调在过去某段时间持续的状态。实际上，答话人说话时，省略了状语从句(When I interrupted you, ) you were saying you didn’t like your father’s job.故应选用过去进行时。
例11．I thought Jim would say something about his school report, but he ______ it. (2003上海)
A. doesn’t mention B. hadn’t mentioned C. didn’t mention D. hasn’t mentioned
解析 选C 该题测试一般过去时在特定语境中的用法。提干没有提供任何时间状语，但分析上下文语境可知，前一并列分句强调在过去某一时刻“认为将要发生的事”，说明后一并列分句也在过去某一时刻发生（首先排除选项A、D）。该动作又存在在前一并列分句的动作之前发生，故再排除选项B，选答案C（一般过去时），说明与前一分句中主句的谓语动词thought同时进行。
例12． Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _______ so rapidly. (NMET )
A. is changing B. has changed C. will have changed D. will change
解析 选A 该题测试现在进行时在特定语境中的用法。题干中没有提供表示进行时的时间状语，考生只有通过上下文语境，才能作出选择。题干中主句为一般现在时，分析从句意义可知，句中谓语动词为现在且强调正在进行的动作，故应选现在进行时。
例13．I _______ping-pong quite well, but I haven’t had time to play since the new year.
A. will play B. have played C. played D. play
解析 选D 该题测试一般现在时在特定语境中的运用。从题干中可以看出，没有明确的用于一般现在时的时间状语，考生在解答该题时，只有通过分析上下文语境，才能得知选项动词的动作并非发生在过去或将来，也没有任何完成之意义，而是强调动作现状的一般行为，故应选一般现在时。
例14．-You have left the light on.
-Oh, so I have. ________and turn it off. (NMET)
A. I’ll go B. I’ve gone C. I go D. I’m going
解析 选A 该题不仅测试一般将来时在特定语境中的运用，同时还测试了will do 与be going to do的用法区别。题干中没有表示将来的时间状语，但分析上下文语境可知，该动作并非已经发生，而是表示将要发生的事，故应选一般将来时。但选项A、D都为将来时结构，考生必须在弄清两者之间的区别，即will do强调临时决定将要发生的事，而be going to do强调过去已计划过的将要发生的事，才能作出正确选择。
例15．The price _______, but I doubt whether it will remain so. (NMET)
A. went down B. will go down C. has gone down D. was gone down
解析 选C 该题测试现在完成时在特定语境的运用。分析题干，尽管句中没有表示现在完成时的时间状语，但根据后一并列分句句意可知，选项部分动词动作是强调从过去某一时刻开始，一直延续到现在或可能还要继续下去，故应选现在完成时。
应试策略
解答该类题型时，要注意根据上下文中所给特定语境条件，分析说话人的意图，推断句中动作所发生的时间段，充分利用题干中所提供的其他动词时态暗示条件，结合四个选项动词时态，进行综合分析，作出正确判断。
实战演练
1. -Don’t smoke, Victor. You are a student anyway.
-Well, no one ________me but you at home, Mum. Just this time, OK？
A. saw B. is seeing C. has seen D. sees
2. Hurry! The train ________. You know it _________ at 8:30a.m.
A. leaves; leaves B. is leaving; leaves C. leaves; is leaving D. is leaving; is leaving
3. I don’t really work here; I ________until the new secretary arrives.
A. just help out B. has just helped out C. am just helping out D. will just help out
4. -who is Jerry Cooper？
-________？ I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting.
A. Don’t you meet him yet B. Hadn’t you met him yet
C. Didn’t you meet him yet D. Haven’t you met him yet
5. -Oh, it’s you! I ________you.
-I’ve just had my hair cut, and I’m wearing new glasses.
A. didn’t recognize B. hadn’t recognized C. haven’t recognized D. don’t recognize
Key: 一、1-5 DDDBC 二、1-5 DDDBD 三、1-5 DBCDA
二、研读高考试题，掌握被动语态
被动语态多年来一直是高考考查的重点，近几年来以考查其与动词的各种形式相结合的题型为主，并且体现在上下文语境当中，这就增加了试题的难度。因此，要做好被动语态试题除了掌握被动语态的基本含义、基本构成之外，还要注意将被动语态的用法放在具体的语言情境中去运用。本文将对近几年高考考查的被动语态问题，作一简单的分析，希望能对同学们有所帮助。
与一般现在时的联合考查
If city noises ____ from increasing，people ____ shout to be heard even at dinner．
A．are not kept；will have to B．are not kept；have
C．do not keep；will have to D．do not keep；have to
解析：
这是一个由if引导的条件状语从句构成的复合句，表示目前的情况，故从句用一般现在时，主句用将来时，排除B、D项，然后根据句意，选A项。
与现在进行时的联合考查
A new cinema ____ here．They hope to finish it next month．
A．will be built B．is built C．has been built D．is being built
解析：
只要明白本句的意思，可知答案为D项。
与过去时态的联合考查
When ____ the education system of China and Britain，the professor gave no answer．
A．asking to compare B．asked him to compare C．asked to compare D．asked him to compare
解析：
从本句结构来看， when引导的时间状语从句为一省略结构，补全从句应为：When the professor was asked to compare．．．故选C项。
与完成时态的联合考查
- ____ the sports meet might be put off．
-Yes，it all depends on the weather．
A．I've been told B．I've told C．I'm told D．I told
解析：
“我”只能“被告知”，可排除B、D项；又据下文来看“我被告知”的动作已发生，故选A项。
与不定式的联合考查
He claimed ____ in the supermarket when he was doing some shopping yesterday．
A．being badly treated B．treating badly C．to treated badly D．to have been badly treated
解析：
当claim表示“声称”时，后面跟不定式结构，故排除A、B项。又根据上下文语境推断出选项中的动作已完成，故选D项。
与动名词的联合考查
What worried the child was ____ to visit his mother in the hospital．
A．his not allowing B．his not being allowed C．his being not allowed D．having not been allowed
解析：
动名词在句中作表语，且从语法上讲，在这里应使用动名词的被动语态形式，故选B项。
与过去分词的联合考查
The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ____ next month．
A．carried out B．carrying out C．carry out D．to carry out
解析：
该句中关系代词that引导一个定语从句修饰先行词the plan，carry out与plan之间为被动关系，故选A项。
三、近年高考中的时、语态题
1. --- You've left the light on.
--- Oh , so I have .________and turn it off. （2000全国）（A）
A．I'll go B．I've gone C．I go D．I'm going
2. --- How are you today?
--- Oh , I ___________as ill as I do now for a very long time. （2000全国）（D）
A．didn't fell B．wasn't feeling C．don't fell D．haven't felt
3. The reporter said that the UFO ________east to west when be saw it. （2000全国）（A）
A．was travelling B．travelled C．had been traveling D．was to travel.
4. Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while, but soon ________ to his old ways. （2000北京春季）（A）
A. returned B. returns C. was returning D. had returned
5. --- You're drinking too much.
--- Only at home. No one ________ me but you. （2000北京春季）（C）
A. is seeing B. had seen C. sees D. saw
6. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology_________ so rapidly. （01全国）（A）
A. is changing B. has changed C. will have changed D. will change
7. I _________ping-pong quite well, but I haven’t had time to play since the new year.
（01全国）（D）
A. will play B. have played C. played D. play
8. Visitors_________ not to touch the exhibits. （01全国）（D）
A. will request B. request .C. are requesting D. are requested
9. The men will have to wait all day______ the doctor works faster. （01北京春季）（B）
A．if B．unless C．whether D．that
10. John said he’d been working in the office for an hour, _______ was true. （01北京春季）（C）
A．he B．this C．which D．who
11. -Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her? （01北京春季）（B）
-Yes, I gave it to her _______ I saw her.
A．while B．the moment C．suddenly D．once
12. I read about it in some book or other, does it matter _______ it was? （01北京春季）（D）
A．where B．what C．how D．which
13. - You haven’t said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it?
- I'm sorry I _________ anything about it sooner. I certainly think it's pretty on you.
（02全国） 【D】
A．wasn't saying B．don't say-ぃ茫畐on't say D．didn't say
14. I wonder why Jenny _________ us recently. We should have heard from her by now.
（02 全国） 【A】
A．hasn't written-ぃ拢甦oesn't write-ぃ茫畐on't write-ぃ模甴adn't written
15. The little girl ______ her heart out because she ______ her toy bear and believed she wasn’t
ever going to find it. （02北京）（B）
A. had cried; lost B. cried; had lost
C. has cried; has lost D. cries; has lost
16. ― Excuse me, sir. Would you do me a favor?
― Of course. What is it?
― I ______ if you could tell me how to fill out this form. （02北京）（B）
A. had wondered B. was wondering C. would wonder D. did wonder
17. John and I friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we each other a couple of times before that. （02北京春季）（D）
A. had been; have seen B have been; have seen
C. had been; had seen D have been; had seen
18. This is Ted’s photo. We miss him a lot. He trying to save a child in the earthquake. （02北京春季）（C）
A. killed B. is killed C. was killed D. was killing
19. - How are the team playing?
- They’re playing well, but one of them hurt. （02北京春季）（A）
A. got B. gets C. are D. were
20. - Sorry, Joe, I didn’t mean to…
- Don’t call me “Joe”. I’m Mr Parker to you, and you forget it! （03全国卷）（D）
A．do B．didn’t C．did D．don’t
21. All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor, her nervousness . （03全国卷）（C）
A．has grown B．is growing C．grew D．had grown
22. At this time tomorrow ______________ over the Atlantic. （03北京）（B）
A. we’re going to fly B. we’ll be flying C. we’ll fly D. we’re to fly
23. --- ______David and Vicky __________ married?
--- For about three years. （03北京）（C）
A. How long were … being B. How long have … got
C. How long have … been D. How long did … get
24. The news came as no surprise to me. I ______ for some time that the factory was going to shut down. （03北京）（A）
A. had known B. knew C. have known D. know
25. Come and see me whenever _______. （03北京）（C）
A. you are convenient B. you will be convenient
C. it is convenient to you D. it will be convenient
26. - How long at this job?
- Since 1990. （03北京春季）（B）
A．were you employed B．have you been employed
C．had you been employed D．will you be employed
27. - When will you come to see me, Dad?
- I will go to see you when you the training course. （03北京春季）（D）
A．will have finished B．will finish
C．are finishing D．finish
28. --- What’s that terrible noise?
--- The neighbours ______ for a party. （04北京）(B)
A have prepared B are preparing C prepare D will prepare
29. Now that she is out of a job, Lucy______ going back to school, but she hasn’t decided yet. （04北京）(B)
A had considered B has been considering
C considered D is going to consider
30. The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics ______ by . （04北京）(C)
A has been completed B has completed
C will have been completed D will have completed
31. --- What were you doing when Tony phoned you?
--- I had just finished my work and ______ to take a shower. （04天津）(D)
A had started B started C have started D was starting
32. The crazy fans patiently for two hours, and they would wait till the movie star arrived. （04重庆）(B)
A. were waiting B. had been waiting C. had waited D. would wait
33. She her hairstyle in her hometown before she came to Chongqing for a better job. （04重庆）(C)
A. would change B. has changed C. changed D. was changing
34. More patients ___________ in hospital this year than last year. （04江苏）(D)
A. treated B. have treated C. had been treated D. have been treated
35. Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the early 1990s, when people_____to enjoy the advantages of this new technology. （04江苏）(B)
A. begin B. began C. have begun D. had begun
36. The discussion ____ alive when an interesting topic was brought in. （04浙江）(D)
A. was coming B. had come C. has come D. came
37. Because the shop _____, all the T-shirts are sold at half price. （04浙江）(C)
A. has closed down B. closed down
C. is closing down D. had closed down
38. - You were out when I dropped in at your house.
- Oh, I _______ for a friend from England at the airport. （04福建）(A)
A．was waiting B．had waited C．am waiting D．have waited
39. - The window is dirty. - I know. It _____ for weeks. （04广西） （D）
A. hasn’t cleaned B. didn’t clean C. wasn’t cleaned D. hasn’t been cleaned
40. Turn on the television or open a magazine and you ______ advertisements showing happy families （04湖南）（A）
A. will often see B. often see C. are often seeing D. have often seen
41. --- I hear Jane has gone to the Holy Island for her holiday.
--- Oh, how nice! Do you know when she ______ ? （04湖南） （D）
A. was leaving B. had left C. has left D. left
42．He kept looking at her , wondering whether he her somewhere . （04湖北） (D)
A．saw B．has seen C．sees D．had seen
43．-George and Lucy got married last week . Did you go to their wedding ?
-No , I . Did they have a big wedding ? （04湖北） (C)
A．was not invited B．have not been invited
C．hadn’t been invited D．didn’t invite
44．It is said in the book that Thomas Edison (1847-1931) the world leading inventor for sixty years . （04辽宁） (D)
A．would be B．has been C．had been D．was
45. The first use of atomic weapons was in 1945. and their power ______ increased enormously ever since. （04上海） (C)
A. is B. was C. has been D. had been
46. The number of deaths form heart disease will be reduced greatly it people _______ to eat more fruit and vegetables. （04上海） (D)
A. persuade B. will persuade C. be persuaded D. are persuaded
47. Let’s keep to the point or we ______ any decisions. （04全国I） (A)
A will never reach B have never reached
C never reach D never reached
48. My mind wasn’t on what he was saying, so I’m afraid I ______ half of it. （04全国I） (D)
A was missing B had missed C will miss D missed
49. --- Has Sam finished his homework today?
--- I have no idea. He______ it this morning. （04全国II） (C)
A did B has come C was doing D had done
50. I ______ you not to move my dictionary---now I can’t find it. （04全国II） (A)
A asked B ask C was asking D had asked
51. According to the art dealer, the painting______ to go for at least a million dollars. （04全国II） (A)
A is expected B expects C expected D is expecting
52. --- Thank goodness, you’re here! What______ you?
--- Traffic jam. （04全国IV） （D）
A keeps B is keeping C had kept D kept
53. How can you possibly miss the news? It _______ on TV all day long. （04北京春季）（A）
A. has been B. had been C. was D. will be
54. － Sorry to have interrupted you. Please go on.
－ Where was I?
－ You ______ you didn’t like your father’s job. （04北京春季）（C）
A. had said B. said C. were saying D. had been saying
55. I arrived late; I _____ the road to be so icy. （04北京春季）（C）
A. wouldn’t expect B. haven’t expected
C. hadn’t expected D. wasn’t expecting
56. I ______ while reading the English textbook. Luckily, my roommate woke me up in time! （04北京春季）（C）
A. had fallen asleep B. have fallen asleep C. fell asleep D. fall asleep
57. Although he has lived with us for years, he __ us much impression. （04上海春季）（C）
A. hadn't left B. didn't leave C. doesn't leave D. hasn't left
58. He _________ more that 5,000 English words when he entered the university at the age of 15? (05北京卷) (D)
A. has learned B. would have learned C. learned D. had learned
59. Scientists think that the continents __________ always where they _________ today. (05北
京卷) (C)
A. aren’t; are B. aren’t; were C. weren’t; are D. weren’t; were
60. As soon as he comes back, I’ll tell him when __________ and see him. (05北京卷) (A)
A. you will come B. will you come C. you come D. do you come
61. --– Why did you leave that position?
--- I __________ a better position at IBM. (05北京卷) (D)
A. offer B. offered C. am offered D. was offered
62. Years ago we didn't know this, but recent science ______ that people who don't sleep well soon get ill. (05广东卷) (B)
A. showed B. has shown C. will show D. is showing
63. The policeman's attention was suddenly caught by a small box which ______ placed under the Minister's car. (05广东卷) (C)
A. has been B. was being C. had been D. would be
64. When the old man ______ to walk back to his house ,the sun _____ itself behind the mountain. （05湖北卷）(A)
A．started ;had already hidden B．had started ;had already hidden
C．had started ;was hiding D．was starting; hid
65. He was hoping to go abroad but his parents ______ that they won’t support him unless he can borrow money from the bank. （05湖北卷）(B)
A．were deciding B．have decided C．decided D．will decide
66. -– If the traffic hadn't been so heavy, I could have been hack by 6 o'clock.
--- What a pity! Tina _____ here to see you. (05湖南卷) (B)
A. is B. was C. would be D. has been
67. They _______ on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and now we ________ it as no good results have come out so far. (05江苏卷) (A)
A. had been working; are still working B. had worked; were still working
C. have been working; have worked D. have worked; are still working
68. - Hurry up! Alice and Sue are waiting for you at the school gate.
- Oh! I thought they ______ without me. (05江西卷) (D)
A．went B．are going C．have gone D．had gone
69. Listen to the two girls by the window. What language ___________? (05全国卷3) (C)
A．did they speak B．were they speaking
C．are they speaking D．have they been speaking
70. － Did you tell Julia about the result?
－ Oh, no, I forgot. I ________ her now. (05全国卷3) (B)
A．will be calling B．will call C．call D．am to call
71. - What would you do if it ______ tomorrow?
- We have to carry it on, since we’ve got everything ready. （05全国卷1）(B)
A．rain B．rains C．will rain D．is raining
72. The hero’s story differently in the newspapers. （05全国卷1）(A)
A．was reported B．was reporting C．reports D．reported
73. The coffee is wonderful! It doesn’t taste like anything I _____ before. （05全国卷1）(C)
A．was having B．have C．have ever had D．had ever had
74. More than a dozen students in that school _______ around to study medicine last year. （05上海卷）(B)
A. sent B. were sent C. had sent D. had been sent
75. At last, we found ourselves in a pleasant park with trees providing shade and _______ down to eat our picnic lunch. （05上海卷）(D)
A. sitting B. having sat C. to sit D. sat
76. My brother is an actor. He _________ in several films so far. （05浙江卷）(C)
A．appears B．appeared C．has appeared D．is appearing
77. - Are you still busy?
- Yes, I _________ my work, and it won’t take long. （05浙江卷）(C)
A．just finish B．am just finishing C．have just finished D．am just going to finish
78. With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth ______ each year. （05山东卷）(D)
A. is washing away B. is being washed away
C. are washing away D. are being washed away
79. - What’s wrong with your coat?
- Just now when I wanted to get off the bus, the man next to me ____ on it. （05重庆卷）(D)
A. sat B. had sat C. had been sitting D. was sitting
80. - What are you going to do this afternoon?
- I am going to die cinema with some friends. The film_____ quite early, so we____ to the bookstore after that. （05重庆卷）(C)
A. finished; are going B. finished ; go C. finishes; are going D. finishes; go
81. Millions of pounds' worth of damage _____ by a storm which swept across the north of England last nigh （05重庆卷）(A)
A. has been caused B. had been caused
C. will be caused D. will have been caused
82. By the time Jane gets home, her aunt _______for London to attend a meeting. (05天津卷) (C)
A. will leave B. leaves C. will have left D. left
83. The manager had fallen asleep where he ______, without undressing. （05安徽卷）(B)
A. was laying B. was lying C. had laid D. had lied
84. Susan decided not to work on the program at home because she didn’t want her parents to know what she __________. （05辽宁卷）(C)
A．has done B．had done C．was doing D．is doing
85. Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which _______ the Pacific, and we met no storms. （05辽宁卷）(B)
A．was called B．is called C．had been called D．has been called
86. They have a good knowledge of English but little _______they know about German. （05天津卷）(D)
A. have B. did C. had D. do
87. Since I won the big prize, my telephone hasn't stopped ringing. People _____ to ask how I am going to spend the money. （05湖南卷）(D)
A. phone B. will phone C. were phoning D. are phoning
88. When Mark opened the door, he saw a woman standing there. He ________ her before.
（05北京春季）（B）
A. never saw B. had never seen C. never sees D. has never seen
89. After a fire broke out in the lab, a lot of equipment ________ . （05北京春季）（D）
A. is damaged B. had damaged C. damaged D. was damaged
90. I can’t see any coffee in this cupboard. ________ ? （05北京春季）（A）
A. Has it all been finished B. Was it all finished
C. Has it all finished D. Did it all finish
91. ________ my sister three times today but her line was always busy. （05北京春季）（C）
A. I’d phoned B. I’ve been phoning
C. I’ve phoned D. I was phoning
四、时、语态强化练习
1. I can guess you were in a hurry. You ＿＿ your sweater inside out.
A. had worn B. wore C. were wearing D. are wearing
2. - We ＿＿ that you would fix the TV set this week.
- I’m sorry. I ＿＿ to, but I’ve been too busy.
A. had expected； had intended B. are expecting； had intended
C. expect； intend D. expected； intend
3. He will stop showing off, if no notice ＿＿ of him.
A. is taken B. will be taken C. takes D. has taken
4. - It is said that another new car factory＿＿now.
- Yeah. It ＿＿one and a half years.
A. is building； takes B. is being built； will take
C. is built； will take D. is being built； takes
5. - I’m sorry, but I shouldn’t have been so rude to you.
- You ＿＿ your temper but that’s OK.
A. have lost B. had lost C. did lose D. were losing
6. - Why? Tom, your shirt is so dirty!
- Mum, I ＿＿ my storeroom downstairs。
A. cleaned B. have worked C. was cleaning D. have been cleaning
7. They won’t buy new clothes because they＿＿money to buy a color TV set.
A. save B. are saving C. has saved D. were saving
8. Good heavens! There you are! We＿＿anxious about you, and we ＿＿you back throughout the night.
A. are； expect B. were； had expected
C. have been；were expecting D. are； were expecting
9. I’ve finally finished my paper and it ＿＿ me an entire month.
A. takes B. took C. was taken D. had taken
10. The traffic in our city is already good and it ＿＿even better.
A. gets B. got C. has got D. is getting
11. - Has Jack finished his homework yet?
- I have no idea；he ＿＿it this morning.
A. was doing B. had been doing C. has done D. did
12. - I will come to attend your lecture at 10:00 tomorrow.
- I’m sorry, by then my lecture will have ended and I＿＿my guests in my office.
A. is being met B. will meet C. will be meeting D. will have met
13. - Alice came back home the day before yesterday.
- Really ? Where ＿＿ ?
A. has she been B. had she been C. has she gone D. had she gone
14. John and I＿＿friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we＿＿ each other a couple of times before that.
A. had been； have met B. have been； have met
C. had been； had met D. have been； had met
15. I ＿＿ ping-pong quite well, but I haven’t had time to play since the new year.
A. will play B. have played C. played D. play
16. I’ve won a holiday for two to Florida. I ＿＿ my mum.
A. take B. am taking C. have taken D. will have taken
17. - You haven’t said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it?
- I’ m sorry I ＿＿ anything about it sooner. I certainly think it’s pretty on you.
A. wasn’t saying B. don’t say C. won’t say D. didn’t say
18. - Where ＿＿?
- I got stuck in the heavy traffic. I ＿＿ here earlier.
A. did you go； had arrived B. have you been； would have been
C. were you； would come D. are you； was
19. I know Mr Brown；we ＿＿ to each other at an international conference.
A. are introduced B. have been introduced
C. were introduced D. had been introduced
20. -Where do you think＿＿he＿＿the computer?
- Sorry. I have no idea.
A. has ； bought B.／ ； bought C. did ； buy D. had ； bought
21. - I＿＿to a party, but I’ve got nothing to wear.
- Why don’t you have a dress made for the party?
A. was asked B. will ask C. have asked D. have been asked
22. I didn’t like Aunt Lucy, who＿＿without warning and bringing us presents.
A. always turned up B. has always turned up
C. was always turning up D. was always turned up
23. - What do you think of this kind of TV set, which ＿＿ in Shanghai?
- Well, I don’t care such things.
A. was made B. is made C. has been made D. had been made
24. - Tom, did Mr. Li join you in your discussion?
- No, he＿＿, but he happened to have fallen ill.
A. would like to B. will C. was to have D. was going to join
25. - Did he notice you enter the room?
- I don’t think so. He＿＿to the radio with his eyes shut.
A. listened B. was listening C. has listened D. had listened
26. The plane ＿＿ at 7:00 p.m., so I have to be at the airport by 6:40 at the latest.
A. has left B. is to leave C. will have left D. leaves
27. The train ＿＿＿＿＿ at the present speed until it reaches the foot of the mountain at about nine o’clock tonight.
A. went B. is going C. goes D. will be going
28. Look at this! I＿＿some magazines and＿＿this letter.
A. was looking through； found B. am looking through； find
C. looked through； had found D. had looked through； finding
29. - ＿＿you ＿＿ the editor at the airport?
- No, he ＿＿ away before my arrival.
A. Have...met； has driven B. Had...met； was driven
C. Did...meet； had been driven D. Have...met； had driven
30. - Can you give me the right answer?
- Sorry, I ＿＿.Would you repeat that question?
A. hadn’t listened B. haven’t listened C. don’t listen D. wasn’t listening
31. I used to drink a lot of tea but these days I ＿＿coffee.
A. prefer B. preferred C. have preferred D. am preferring
32. - Was the driving pleasant when you went to Mexico last summer?
- No, it ＿＿ for four days when we arrived, so the roads were very muddy.
A. was raining B. had been raining C. would be raining D. rained
33. The vegetables didn’t taste very good. They＿＿too long.
A. had been cooked B. were cooked C. had cooked D. cooked
34. - Remember the first time we met, Jim?
- Of course I do. You ＿＿ in the library.
A. were reading B. had read C. have read D. read
35. I want to buy that kind of cloth because I ＿＿ the cloth ＿＿ well.
A. have told； washes B. have been told； washes
C. was told； washed D. have been told； is washed
36. - What were you up to when your parents came in?
- I＿＿for a while and＿＿some reading.
A. was playing； was going to do B. played； did
C. had played； was going to do D. had played； did
37. - Sorry, I forget to post the letter for you.
- Never mind, ＿＿ it myself tonight.
A. I’m going to post B. I’ve decided to post C. I’ll post D. I’d rather post
38. I should very much like to have gone to that party of theirs, but ＿＿.
A. I’m not invited B. I was not invited
C. I have not been invited D. I had not been invited
39. - Is Tom still smoking?
- No. By next Saturday he ＿＿ for a whole month without smoking a single cigarette.
A. will go B. will have gone C. will have been D. has been going
40. All but one ＿＿ take part in the conference ＿＿ tomorrow.
A. is going to； that is to take place B. are going to； that is about to take place
C. are going to； that is to be taken place D. are going to； which is to be held
41. - Are you a visitor here?
- That’s right. I＿＿round the world and now my dream of coming to China＿＿true.
A. have traveled； has come B. was traveling； had been come
C. am traveling； has come D. have traveled； has been come
42. - ＿＿ Betty this morning?
- Not yet, but she is sure to be here before noon.
A. Have you seen B. Will you see C. Do you see D. Did you see
43. Jim talked for about half an hour yesterday. Never＿＿ him talk so much.
A. I heard B. did I hear C. I had heard D. had I heard
44. The children ＿＿very quiet；I wonder what they ＿＿up to.
A. were； are being B. are being；are C. are；do D. are being；do
45. - Look at the black clouds. It ＿＿ soon.
- Sure. If only we ＿＿out.
A. is raining； didn’t come B. is to rain； won’t start
C. will rain； haven’t started D. is going to rain； hadn’t come
46. He ＿＿articles for our wall-newspaper these three years, and he ＿＿about forty articles.
A. has been writing； has written B. has been writing； wrote
C. is writing； has been writing D. has written； has written
47. She ＿＿ to the office than she got down to writing the report.
A. has no sooner got B. had hardly got
C. no sooner got D. had no sooner got
48. When he was alive, the old scientist used to say that knowledge ＿＿from practice and he gained his experience by doing a lot of practical work.
A. was coming B. had come C. comes D. would come
49. In this experiment, they are woken up several times during the night, and asked to report what they＿＿.
A. had just been dreaming B. are just dreaming
C. have just been dreaming D. had just dreamt
50. - What’s the matter?
- The shoes don’t fit properly. They＿＿＿＿my feet.
A. are hurting B. will hurt C. have hurt D. are hurt
1 ~ 20: DAABC DBCBD ACBDD BDBCB
21 ~ 40: DCBCB DDACD ABAAB CCBBD
41 ~ 50: CADBD ADCCA
动词时态、语态专练50题参考答案及简析
1.D。can guess 这一现在猜测是建立在眼前所见情景的基础上的，故用现在进行时。
2.A。expect, intend, want, wish, hope, plan 等动词的过去完成式可表示过去未曾实现的想法、愿望、打算等。
3.A。如主句用将来时，在时间、条件和让步状语从句中要用一般现在时表示将来。又因if 从句是take notice of...的被动语态结构，故选A。
4.B。根据主语与build之间的被动关系和now， 可知要选现在进行时的被动语态；因工厂正在修建，花费一年半应指将来。
5.C。shouldn’ t have done 表示“过去本不应……”。You did lose your temper 是You lost your temper 的强调形式。
6.D。现在完成进行时表示从过去某时到现在一直在进行的动作。
7.B。句意为：他们（现在）不愿买新衣服，因为他们在攒钱买电视。由此可见，攒钱是现阶段正在进行的动作。
8.C。担心是从过去某时到说话时为止一直在进行的动作，用现在完成时；expect 是在过去某一段时间里（整个晚上）正在进行的动作，故用过去进行时。
9.B。论文已完成，花费一个月时间应指过去；某事花费某人多少时间用sth.takes sb.some time 结构。
10.D。交通现在已经好了，在此基础上正在变得更好。
11.A。题干没有构成“过去的过去”，不可选B。如选C、D则表示动作已完成，与have no idea相矛盾。过去进行时表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在进行的动作，不涉及结果，正好附合题干语境。
12.C。by then 是指将来的时间状语，排除A。再由句意可知，meet指的是到了十点钟时将正在进行的动作。
13.B。问句问的是前天回来之前去了哪儿，故用过去完成时。注意had gone表示人未回来，与第一句相矛盾。
14.D。for＋时间段表示从过去某时延续至今的动作或状态，用现在完成时；meet发生在got to know 这一过去动作之前，用过去完成时。
15.D。用一般现在时表示现在的特征或状态。
16.B。come, go, leave, arrive, take 等动词常用进行时表砂将来。
17.D。表示过去没有做某事应用去时。又因句子没有“过去正在进行 ”之意，帮排除A。
18.B。问对方“去了哪里”，指的是从过去某时到现在为止的动作，用现在完成时；第二个空格是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气和主句，条件状语从句If I hadn’ t got stuck in the heavy traffic 被省略。
19.C。在一个国际会议上被介绍显然发生在过去。
20.B。此句为复杂特殊疑问句结构，即“疑问词＋do you think (believe, suppose, expect, imagine, say, consider, guess等）＋其它（陈述语序）?”。
21.D。由but 分句中的现在时和答语所提建议内容，可知应选现在完成时的被动语态。
22.C。 always, often, constantly, forever, all the time 等副词与现在（过去）进行时连用，表示某种反复发生的动作，往往带有厌恶、不满、责备或赞扬等意味。
23.B。这种电视产于上海是客观事实，故用一般现在时。
24.C。C项是was to have joined us in our discussion 的省略形式。was／were ＋ to have done表示原来计划、安排要做的事，而实际上并没有做。
25.B。当时他在听收音机。
26.D。表示按时刻表或日程安排要发生的事,应用一般现在时。
27.D。从句用的是一般现在时，故主句要用将来时。将来进行时表示在将来某一时刻或某段时间内正在进行的动作。
28.A。Look at this!说明东西已找到。紧接着说是怎样找到的。
29.C。根据答语，问句中的meet是过去发生的动作，可排除A、D。但不能选B，因为没有构成“过去的过去”。答语中用过去完成时的被动语态表示在我到达（过去动作）之前他已被人用车接走。
30.D。“没听”发生在对方（过去）问问题时，故用过去进行时。
31.A。此题选A表示现在的特征或状态。prefer属表示心理状态的动词，不能用于进时。
32.B。表示在过去某一动作之前一直在进行，并有可能继续下去的动作，要用过去完成进行时。
33.A。cook发生在didn’ t taste very good 之前，且与主语之间有被动关系，故用过去完成时的被动语态。
34.A。read 发生在the first time we met之时, 故用过去进行时。
35.B。动词wash, lock, sell, wear, write read, open, shut, clean等动词的主语是物，且又表示主语的特征或状态时，要用主动形式表示被动意义。
36.C。play 在came in 之前已完成，而do some reading 的动作则即将开始。
37.C。will／shall ＋v.表示临时的决定，而be going to 表示已决定或安排要做的事。
38.B。would ／ should like ＋ to have done表示过去未曾实现的愿望，故“未受邀请”应用一般过去时的被动语态。
39.B。by 后跟将来的时间状语时，主句要用将来完成时。go without 意为“在缺……的情况下对付”。
40.D。all but one 主语是all，且all在此指人，故谓语动词用复数；take place 属不及物动词短语，无被动语态；be about to后面不能跟具体的时间状语。
41.C。由对话情景可知，“周游世界”是现在正在进行的动作，而“实现”是到说话时为止已完成的动作；come true不能用于被动语态。
42.A。询问到说话时为止一段时间内某动作是否发生，要用现在完成时。
43.D。hear 发生在talked这一过去动作之前；never是含有否定意义的副词，放在句首时，句子应用倒装语序。
44.B。be用于进行时可表示一个暂时的特点或表现。What they are up to相当于What they are doing。
45.D。根据目前迹象判断将要发生的动作用be going to；if only 意为“但愿”，其后的句子用虚拟语气。
46.A。由these three years可知应选现在完成进行时，表示“写”从过去一直延续至今，并有可能继续下去；“写了40 篇”用现在完成时，表示到现在为止已完成的动作。
47.D。no sooner...than和hardly(scarcely)...when 均表示“一……就……”，且主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。
48.C。宾语从句表示的是客观事实。
49.C。dream是从过去某时开始一延续到are woken up...and asked to report...这一现在动作之前的动作，故用现在完成进行时。
50.A。由What’ s the matter 和don’ t fit 可知，hurt是现在正在进行的动作。
篇5：高考应试作文高分行动计划－写作训练成效最大化策略
高考应试作文高分行动计划－写作训练成效最大化策略(3)
三、高考应试作文高分行动计划㈠做好三项准备工作，应对当年高考
每年高二一结束或高三开学，我们就要做好如下三项工作：
⒈帮助分析学生存在的优势和缺陷
我们与学生朝夕相处，一方面可以通过自己的观察和过去写作训练的情况了解学生的作文现状，明了学生作文方面存在的优势和不足；另一方面，根据高考高分作文的要件――语言（有文采）、内容（丰富）、观点（主旨）（深刻）、创新（包括见解、材料、构思、推理想象），帮助学生分析自己去看看哪些是可以通过训练可以提高的，哪些是较难提高的，哪些是很难提高的，让学生有一个明确的努力方向。落脚点是：从最可能突破的某一个方面入手，反复训练――一般必须反复训练两次。
⒉分析高考高分作文的特点和技巧
这是作为老师一个该做而且能够做的一件很重要的事情。做好了，你的教学思路就会变得方向明确、切中高考、成效实在；没有做或做得不好，就可能使作文训练混乱无序、成效不大。多年来我都养成了只要高考评卷结束，我就立马拿来标杆作文展开分析，从中发现和掌握高考评卷场上的评分动向和评卷老师的喜好。
下面是我对我省五年来高考作文评分的分析提要：
根据对近五年来论述类高分标杆作文的分析，我们发现：
高考写作议论类文章要获得高分，要注意如下六个要素：
⑴内容上应具备的基本要素，按出现的频率和操作的难易度看，依次为：①无一例外地都善于观察现实世界，并对时下的人物、事件、现象有自己的思考和见解。②材料能针砭时弊，而且丰富充实，尤其是大量运用负面事例，极大地唤起了评卷老师的情感共鸣。③立意深刻，体现了较强的思维能力。
⑵表达上应具备的基本要素，按出现的频率和操作的难易度看，依次为：①从论证方法的运用来看，运用大量鲜活事例论证并能综合运用对比、假设等方法说理是得高分的关键；从论证结构看，层进式、正反对比式是最佳形式。②让自己的语言富有表现力。③形式的创新也可能获得高分。
根据对近五年来记叙类高分标杆作文的分析，我们发现：
高考写作文学（记叙）类文章要获得高分要注意如下五个要素：
⑴内容上应具备的基本要素：①真实第一，亲情第一，真理第一。②选取的人与事以具有下列两种类型（两个特征）为最佳：一类是普通人中能引起人们悲悯、同情情感的典型人物（群体）；另一类是父母。
⑵形式上应具备的基本要素：①必须有充分、传神的细节描写。②语言要富有情感。③故事一定要有情节，能恰当地运用一定的情节技巧。
需要提醒你的是：高考作文评卷场上，有些因素和规则恐怕并不仅仅涉及能力，可是却常常影响得分。主要有：⑴书写工整是保证高分的基本前提。⑵语言表达往往可以决定你的分数。
据此，我就提出了如下五个作文备考策略：
⑴学会“关注”社会。⑵加强思维训练。⑶注意积累鲜活材料，做到人无我有、人有我特。⑷进行仿写训练。⑸写作时，注意真实性原则。
⒊提供往年尤其是当年度高考好、中、差典型范文及点评
这项工作要求教师根据对近年高考高分作文进行分析，精心选择范文，范文的选择，前文已经谈过，不再赘述
。
范文最好能印出来并装订成册（可以让学生自己动手），以提供给学生日常多阅读、多揣摩、多反思。
㈡如何做好应对高考的写作训练
⒈坚持系统训练
高三阶段，我认为宜分两个阶段进行。
第一个阶段就是从开学到一轮结束。我们的做法是根据上述三个方面的分析，安排写作的系列训练活动。这个系列共包括五个模块，分别是：审题立意；要符合文体要求；首尾要讲究，前后要照应；议论类文章高分的六个技巧；文学（记叙）类文章高分的五个技巧。其中第四第五个模块是训练的重点。每个模块的训练均包括审题立意、分论点的拟定（主题的确定）、事例分析方法（细节描写或各种描写方法的运用）、结构安排、完篇作文训练等五个部分。
训练时间大致为每一个月一个模块，每个模块训练两次，目的是形成稳固的应对高考作文的写作习惯。
第二阶段则是一轮后到高考前，重点训练语言表达和材料的应用能力，适当写写作文即可，以保持写作的感觉。
⒉坚持阅读和有条件的自由作文并重
进入高三，学习任务加重，学生会把大量时间放在数理化生物上，他们已经没有时间自己搜集写作素材了。考虑到当前大多数学生高考时基本写作议论文的实际，关注并思考社会、社会中的人和事、自然就显得十分重要了，这也是写好议论文的基本条件。所以，教师在这个阶段就要帮助学生搜集、整理写作素材，尤其近期刚刚发生的鲜活的事件或现象、出现的新人物，并提供对他们打开写作思维有帮助的'时事评论或各种观点就显得尤其必要了。基于这种认识，我们的做法是每周由教师办好一个年级级刊《晨读经典和新闻ABC》，包括提供一篇高考高分作文并附上高分启示，一篇记叙类文章，一篇时事评论，一组新闻A（新闻事件并提出要求：发一个帖子）B（网友帖子选）C（相关评论）。
同时，我们主张继续写好自由作文（周记作文），但是，这个时期的写作训练的目的很明确，就是为了高考。所以，我们要求学生仍然要坚持每周写作，但写作形式上明确提出，如果高考场上准备写作议论文的同学，则必须侧重议论文写作技巧的训练，尤其是学会如何展开议论――事例分析方法；如果是准备写作记叙类文章的同学，则必须侧重记叙类文章技巧的训练，尤其是如何进行细节等描写来表现人物，如何安排情节、使情节曲折起来。
这个写作活动坚持到高考前为止。
⒊总结自己作文的高分技巧
实用方式是：通过互评互改、自我反思和教师评议结合的方式发现自己作文有何出彩之处、有何能博得评卷老师青睐的亮点。
要提醒学生注意的是，即使是高分作文也有其缺陷，有的文章中的缺陷还比较大，所以，不要抱怨自己的文章问题很多，而要明明白白看到自己的作文其实也很不错。
11月20日修改于宪中
后记：
对教学认真地反思是一件快乐的事情，但要在反思的基础之上提升一个较高的层次，却是十分痛苦的。写作本文，试验了五年半，构思了两个多月，写了一个月，今天终于定稿。可是怎么看，都觉得还十分粗糙。这就是我的水平，我也只有这样的水平。难为大家看了，谢谢！
篇6：高考英语听力应试技巧与策略
高考英语听力应试技巧与策略
1．善于预测
考生根据已知的问题及其选项，揣测听力材料的背景，使自己心理有所准备，从而提高听的效率。如：
（1）Where did the conversation take place？
A．In the street．B．In a shop．C．In the office．
（2）What did the man want？
A．Ties．B．Handkerchiefs．C．Ties and handkerchiefs．
（3）Who is the woman？
A．The man's friend．B．A shop assistant．C．A customer．
（4）Where is the product made？
A．In Switzerland．B．In France．C．In English．
考生可看到（2）是问男士要些什么？
（4）是问产品产于何地？这里产品显然是指ties或是handkerchiefs。那么，根据这两个问题及其选项可以预测出这组对话的背景应该是男士在买东西时跟售货员的对话。
2．学会推导
考生在读了问题及其选项后预测出了对话的背景；再据此及其生活经验、所学知识对问题的答案进行判断。如：从上面各问题中，我们可以看出：男士买东西，女士热情介绍。故问题（1）答案应是B；问题（3）的`答案也应是B。当然，推测是否正确，应在听的过程中证实。其次，听到对话内容后，往往不能直接找到答案，必须将对话中所提到事进行推导，找出答案。如：
当学生听到：M：Where were you just now？
W：I went to buy some meat and fish．
Q：Where did the woman go？
A．To a shop．B．To a farm．C．To the market．
显然，对话当中虽然没有提所去的地方，但回答的内容是买了些肉和鱼。这些东西在商店、农场有卖吗？只能在市场买，此答案为C。
3．会抓要点
哪些是主要内容呢？即试卷上所提的问题。根据预测和推导在脑海里把问题进行归类，哪几个问题是需证实的，哪几个问题是待解决的；然后，带着这几个问题有针对性地听，问题就很容易解决了。如：上面预测中的问题，（1）、(3)又需证实，（2）、（4）两题是待听的问题。
如：1）Who can't repair the machine？
篇7：高考英语听力试题大攻略--要点及应试策略
高考英语听力试题大攻略--要点及应试策略
为了使考生尽早地掌握高考听力题型的特点及有效的解题方法，笔者以近几年高考听力题为例，向大家作一简要介绍，希望对同学们的冲刺有事半功倍之效。
测试要点主要有以下几方面：
一、对话题活动内容进行判断的能力
该题多为what(表内容)开头的特殊疑问句，对许多考生来说听清并理解每一个词或句子是不可能的.，也没必要。解这类试题时，应听清大意、把握主旨、理解关键词，作好简要记录。
1.What is the man going to dot ?NMET 第1题?
A.Open the window.B.Find another room.C.Go out with the woman.
［析］选A。以听力内容中“Fine with me. I feel a little hot too.”为依据可选出该答案。
二、考查对话涉及的场所进行判断的能力
这些试题多为where(表地点)开头的特殊疑问句，要求考生根据关键词的含义，结合生活常识进行逻辑推断，从而准确推断对话发生地点。如听到“menu”、“food”和“order”等词就可判断出对话发生在饭店；听到“size”或“wear”就可判断在服装店；听到“stamp”、“post”和“mail”就可判断在邮局；听到“gas”和“fill”就可判断在加油站；听到“What＇s wrong with yout”或“Nothing serious.”就可判断在医院或诊所；听到“fare”和“conductor”就可判断在汽／火车上；听到“film”就可判断在电影院；听到“play”就可判断在剧院；听到“accident”、“turn right”、“cross the street”和“traffic light”就可判断在街道上等。
4.Where is the woman？(NMET 第4题)
A.In a soap factory. B.In her house. C.At an information desk.
［析］选B。Man在跟Woman打电话，Man是Parkle公司的。他称woman是其中一家庭主妇，只要听出关键词housewife，答案就不难。
三、对人物身份和人物之间关系进行判断的能力
试题多为who开头的特殊疑问句或What is the probable relationship between the two speakerst提问。要求考生根据内容中所提供的言论和行动，结合生活常识判断对话人之间的关系和身份。如听到“Dear teacher”就可判断出二者之间为师生关系；夫妻对话会用dear? darling等，听到“My dear”就可判断为夫妻或其他家庭成员(如母子、父女等)之间的关系；听到“What＇s wrong with yout”、“Nothing serious.”和“Take this medicine.”就可判断为医患关系；听到“fare”、“Taxi”就可判断出为车主与乘客关系；听到“renew”、“library”就可判断为图书管理员与读者关系；听到“Can I help yout”和“What can I do for yout”等句子，就可判断为服务员与顾客关系；如材料中出现term exam就可能有professor出现，或者人物间有teacher和student的关系；对话中提到buy? change就应有salesman或salesgirl等。
12.Who are the two speakert (NMET 第12题)
A. A man and his wife B. A man and his sister C. A man and his girlfriend
［析］选A。初听之下还以为这是一对恋人，但从双方的语气及关键词“When we were first married”来判断应是一对夫妻。
四、对数字进行识别判断的能力
该试题对数字的考查往往体现在对各种号码(如电话号码、房间号码、汽车／轮船／飞机号码等)和时间及商品费用上。判断正确数目时，听力材料中往往出现干扰项，这就要求考生认真听清原文，理清不同数目的来龙去
篇8：高考语法与词汇题的命题特点及应试策略 (中学英语教学论文)
高考语法与词汇题的命题特点及应试策略
一、语法和词汇知识概述
语法和词汇知识题主要考查学生对英语基础知识的掌握程度及运用能力。近几年来，语法和词汇知识题的命题越来越灵活，要求考生在特定的语境中理解和运用语言，突出语言的交际性和实用性。
二、高考语法和词汇知识题命题特点及趋势预测
高考语法和词汇知识题有以下几个明显的特点：
1)强调动词，突出重点。与动词有关的题在15题中一般占5-8题。考点涉及到动词的时态、语态、情态动词、非谓语动词等。
2）语境仿真，讲究活用。高考语法和词汇知识题有很高的效度和区分度主要原因是高考题的语境真实，能有效地测试考生掌握词汇内涵和分析语境的能力。
3)考点全面，分布合理。高考题有较强的综合性和较宽的覆盖面，通常一题兼顾多项知识点的考查。常考考点有被动语态、简单句、名词性从句、省略句和倒装句等。选考考点有名词、主谓一致、数词、虚拟语气等。
4)设题灵活，干扰加大。高考语法和词汇知识题中有相当数量的是根据学生的思维定势而设计的“陷阱题”，命题人主要通过增加句子的复杂程度、改变句子的正常结构、利用相似易混的句式结构等来设计干扰信息，误导学生的思维。解题总的原则是化繁为简，去枝留干，恢复原状，细心审题，分辨差异。“陷阱题”的主要设题方式有：
A．增加冗余信息
设题者通过增加限定语、同位语、插人语、定语从句等成份，增加句子的复杂程度，造成学生的视觉差异，从而导致思维错位。解答这类题时，我们只要去掉冗余信息（插人语、同位语等），答案就一目了然了。如：
例题1 I can hardly imagine so pretty a girl like you ______ boxing.
A. like B. to like C. liking D. to have liked
【解读】此题实则考查动名词的复合结构，答案为C。可简化为：I can hardly imagine
a girl liking boxing.
例题2 The girl devoted all her spare time she had ____ others.
A. to help B. helped C. to helping D. help
【解读】易误选A。本句的主干结构为devote one' s life/ time/ energy to doing sth.，其中she had为定语从句修饰time，故选A作目的状语是错误的。答案为C。
例题3 The manager decided to give the job to ____ he believed had a strong sense of duty.
A. whoever B. whomever C. who D. those
【解读】去掉冗余信息（插人语he believed)，我们可以看出后面是一个宾语从句，且宾语从句缺少主语，故答案为A.
例题4 In ____ old society many young women died by so strange and cruel ____ custom.
A.／；a B.／；the C. the; a D. an; a
【解读】society既可用作可数名词又可用作不可数名词，如具体指某社会则前面加定冠词。custom为可数名词，前面有两个形容词strange, cruel修饰，增加了难度和迷惑性。此处结构为so＋adj.＋a(an)＋n.，所以正确答案是C。
B．变换句式结构
设题者通过改变句子的正常结构，如利用省略句、强调句、疑问句、被动句、倒装句等特殊结构，造成某种搭配的假象，达到干扰目的。解此类题，我们只要恢复它的原状即可。如：
例题5 ---Excuse me, could you tell me where the post office is?“
---OK. Between the two white buildings ____ the post office.
A. are lying B. he C. lies D. lay
【解读】学生很容易把buildings当作句子的主语。实际上这是一个倒装句式。恢复原状：The post office ____ between the two white buildings．我们可以看出句子的主语是post office，故答案为C。
例题6 The millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand，____ all practical value by the time they were finished.
A. had lost B. would have lost C. would lose D. should have lost
【解读】本题中had they been done by hand实际上是一个省略句式，相当于if they had been done场hand，用来表示一个虚拟的条件，而且这个条件状语的位置也比较特殊，位于主句的主语和谓语之间。故答案为B.
例题 7 Every minute is made full use of ______ at our lessons.
A. to work B. working C. having worked D. being worked
【解读】有些同学一见到介词，后面马上用名词或动名词，这恰恰落人了命题人的陷井。此题of的宾语实际上是every minute，如果把它变为主动式，答案就显而易见了：We make full use of every minute to work at our lessons．故答案为A。
例题8 Who would you rather _____ with you tomorrow, Tom or Smith?
A. have to go B. have go C. have gone D. had go
【解读】答案为B。可以把它变为陈述句：I would rather have Tom go with me tomorrow. go是省去了to的不定式作宾语补足语。
例题9 The Smiths have three sons, one a baby，_____ twins of thirteen.
A. another B. other C. the other D. the others
【解读】该题使用了省略句式，有相当大的迷惑性。one a baby＝one son is a baby, the others twins of thirteen＝the other sons are twins of thirteen，所以答案为D。
例题10 ______ he will leave for Beijing.
A. It will not be long before B. It is before long that
C. It is before long D. It was before long that
【解读】易受思维定势的影响而错选A。如果before引导一个状语从句的话，状语从句的谓语动词应用一般现在时表示将来。本题实际上是一个强调句型，强调简单句中的时间状语before long，恢复原句就是：He will leave for Beijing before long．故答案为B.
例题11 Which do you enjoy ______ your weekend, swimming or fishing?
A. spending B. being spent C. spend D. to spend
【解读】此题考查不定式作目的状语的用法。容易受enjoy后面接动名词作宾语的影响而误选A。enjoy的宾语是which, to spend…是目的状语。答案为D。
C. 巧用相似句式
有些句式结构相似而实不同，出题者往往利用这一点来设计 “陷阱”，导致解题错误。做这类题关键在于克服粗心大意、不认真审题的缺点，注重语境，弄懂句意，强化对易混句的辨析，有意识地消除思维定势。
例题12 ---I like football. --- ______ my sister and me.
A. So do B. So are C. So did D. So it is with
【解读】如不仔细观察，学生很可能选择A。应该注意这里的me, so does sb．句式是一个倒装句，即sb．是句子的主语，要求用主格。故选D.
例题13 This is such a wonderful film _____ we have never seen.
A. that B. as C. which D. what
【解读】易错选A。在such... as引导的定语从句中，as常作定语从句的主语或宾语；而在such... that引导的状语从句中，that不充当句子成分此题seen后面缺少一个宾语，故后面是一个定语从句。故答案为B.
例题14 Tom, ____ sure to come tomorrow.
A. is B. be C. was D. would be
【解读】答案为B。很明显，Tom在这里并不是句子的主语，而是称呼语。
例题15 ---I like coffee with nothing in it. What about you?
---I prefer coffee ______ sugar.
A. to B. for C. with D. than
【解读】此题为破思维定势题，有相当的难度。根据语境 “我喜欢喝加糖的咖啡”，可知选C.
例题16 What have we said ______ her so unhappy?
A. makes B. to make C. made D. had made
【解读】此题容易误选C,横线前是What have we said，而不是What we have said（注意其中的词序）；句末是问号，而不是句号。此题应选B, to make her so unhappy为结果状语。
例题17 In order not to be found, I’11 spend the night ____ in your room.
A. locking B. locked C. to lock D. lock
【解读】由于受spend... doing sth．句型的影响，易误选A。lock的逻辑主语I和lock 之间存在被动关系，故用过去分词作伴随状语。答案为B.
例题18 Lily，do you remember the boss in ______ company we worked during the summer holiday? He is coming to see us.
A. whose B. whom C. who D. where
【解读】答案为A。此题考查定语从句关系代词的选择。受思维定势的影响，易错选B。需要注意的是关系代词后面紧跟了一个名词，故应选择能作定语的关系代词。
例题19 He got up early, ______ to catch the train.
A. to hope B. hoping C. hope D. hoped
【解读】to catch the train是目的状语，hope是伴随的一种心理状态，常用现在分词来表示。
例题20 ______ nice, the food was sold out soon.
A. Tasted B. Tasting C. To taste D. Being tasted
【解读】taste后面有一个形容词nice，故可判定taste在此用作连系动词，连系动词是不能接宾语的，也不存在被动语态。故选B。现在分词tasting作原因状语。
通过以上的分析，我们可以有把握地推测,2005年高考语法和词汇知识题会有以下的特点：
1．继续坚持”突出语境，强化语义，注重运用”的命题原则，体现试题的稳定性和连续性。命题以语法为基础，语境为依托，语用为目的，思维为中介而设计。
2．考虑到全国自主命题的省市增多，难度会基本上稳定在2004年的水平上。强调基础，顾及全体，摈弃偏、难、怪题，重灵活运用。
3．考点会涉及到语法、词汇、常见表达方式等，但会突出对动词的考查，动词的时态、非谓语动词、动词和动词短语的词义辨析为必考项目。虚拟语气已连续六年未考，2005年高考题中，虚拟语气极有可能成为一个重要考点。
4．有一定数量的破思维定势的题目。
5．高考语法和词汇知识题的题目数量和所占分值可能不再是巧题和巧分。自主命题省市的试卷会有所不同。
6．加大词汇知识的考查力度。2005年的高考大纲专门把”词汇知识”列出来，向我们发出了一个明显的信号：有关词汇知识的题的份量会加大。所以同学们要特别注意名词、动词和形容词等词汇的学习和辨析。
三、常见考点分述
考点一 冠词
冠词为必考考点，在2004年高考15套试题中，考查冠词的有］13题（全国卷IV和上海卷未考）。高考侧重于对定冠词的考查，主要考查考生对冠词的基本用法的理解和掌握程度。
例题1 The most important thing about cotton in history is ______ part that it played in _____ Industrial Revolution.
A．不填；不填 B. the；不填 C. the; the D. a; the
【答案】C。受play a. . . part in的影响易选D o part被一个定语从句（that it played)修饰，应为特指，故用定冠词the, Industrial Revolution为专有名词，习惯上其前要加the。
【解读】此题考查定冠词的特指用法。定冠词the最基本的用法是特指事物或人。定冠词the在意义上相当于this , that。常用于：
(1)特指双方都明白的人或物。例如：Take the medicine．把药吃了。
(2)上文提到过的人或事。例如： He bought a house. I've been to the house．
(3）指世上独一无二的事物，如the sun, the sky, the moon, the earth等。
（4）与单数名词连用表示一类事物，如the dollar美元；the fox狐狸；与形容词或分词连用，表示一类人，如the rich富人；the living生者。
(5）用在序数词和形容词最高级及形容词only, very , same等前面。例如：
That' s the very thing I've been looking for．那正是我要找的东西。
(6) 用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级等专有名词前。例如：
the People's Republic of China中华人民共和国；the United States美国
(7) 用在表示乐器的名词之前。例如：She plays the piano．她会弹钢琴。
(S) 用在姓氏的复数名词之前，表示一家人。例如：the Greens格林一家人（或格林夫妇）
(9）用在习惯用语中。例如：in the day, in the morning, in the sky, in the dark, in the distance, in the middle(of)，in the end, on the whole, by the way, go to the theatre等。
例题2 Mr Smith，there’s a man at ______ front door who says he has _____ news for you of great importance.
A. the；不填 B. the; the C．不填；不填 D．不填；the
【答案】A, front door应为谈话双方都知道的地方，故为特指，用定冠词the, news 是不可数名词，在此为泛指，不用冠词。
【解读】此题后半部分考查零冠词的用法。英语中，下列情况下通常不用冠词：
(1) 国名，人名前通常不用冠词。如：England,Mary,
(2) 泛指的复数名词，表示一类人或事物时，可不用冠词。例如： They are teachers．
(3）抽象名词表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词。例如：
Failure is the mother of success．失败乃成功之母。
(4）物质名词表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词，当表示特定的意思时，需要加定冠
词。例如：Man cannot live without water．离开水人就无法生存。
(5) 在季节、月份、节日、假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前，不加冠词。例如：
We go to school from Monday to Friday．我们从星期一到星期五都仁课。
(6) 在称呼或表示官职、职位的名词前不加冠词。例如：
The guards took the American to General Lee.
(7) 在三餐、球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前，不加冠词；
(8）当两个或两个以上名词并用时，常省去冠词。例如：
I can't write without pen or pencil．没有钢笔和铅笔，我就写不了字。
(9)当by与火车等交通工具连用，表示一种方式时，常不用冠词，如by bus, by train；有些个体名词前不用冠词，如school, college, prison, market, hospital, bed, table, class, town, church, court等，直接置于介词后，表示深层含义。例如：
go to hospital去医院看病
go to the hospital去医院（并不一定是去看病）
例题3 I think _____ knowledge of the Internet is＿must in our work today.
A. a; a. B. the; an C. the; the D．不填；a
【答案】A。由于受不可数名词不能加不定冠词a(an）的影响，易误选D, a knowledge of…意为“对……有很好的了解”，为固定用法。must在此用作名词，表示”必要条件”之意，故前面加不定冠词。
【解读】此题考查学生在具体语境中正确使用冠词的能力，涉及到不可数名词的可数化问题。
不可数名词前一般不加不定冠词。但某些物质名词和抽象名词如：tea, rain, water, snow, ink ,soup, coffee，surprise, pity, pleasure, joy, education, history, love, courage, success, failure, beauty, knowledge等前常加不定冠词用来表示”一种”、”一类”、“一场”、”一阵”、”一番”、“具体的人或事”等意。如：
What a big supper he had! He was really hungry．
He is a success．他成功了。
例题4 ---Some people don't want to talk about it. They say that that is all _____ history.
---But we Chinese shouldn't forget _____ humiliating history of China.
A. the; the B．不填；the C. the; a D．不填；不填
【答案】 B. that is all history “那皆已成历史了（一切都过去了）”；第二空用the特指“中国的那段屈辱的历史”。
【解读】考查学生的冠词活用能力。有些习惯上不加冠词的名词在特指的情况下，可加定冠同。如：Shanghai（上海），the Shanghai you see today（你今天所见的上海）；history（历史），the history of Qing Dynasty（清朝史）;in bed（躺在床上），on the bed（在床上）;in hospital（住院），in the hospital（在医院）；in front of（在……前面），in the front of（在……前部）。
例题5 ______ as she is，she has turned ______ professional writer.
A. A teenager; a B. Teenager；不填
C. Teenager; a D. A teenager；不填
【答案】B,, as引导的让步状语从句中，如果作表语的名同在句首，名词前不能加不定冠词。turn后面的名词作表语也不加不定冠词。
【解读】此题主要考查零冠词的习惯用法。易误选A。有些可数名词在某些用法中是不能加冠词的，应当牢牢记住。如：Girl as she is, she is determined to become an astronaut．尽管她是个女孩，但她决心当一名宇航员。
He entered the room, book in hand．他手里拿着一本书，进了教室。
Man is fighting a battle against the pollution，人类正在进行一场反对污染的战争。
例题6 This is _____ most delicious fruit, and it tastes _____ best when it's fresh.
A. a; the B. the; the C. a; a D. the; a
【解读】此题易错选B。关键在于这些学生不能准确判断most是不是形容词的最高级形式。有些同学一见到most就认为是在考查形容词的最高级形式，而误选了B,,
【答案】A。第一个空fruit没有比较的范围，most短语不是真正意义上的最高级，此时most相当于副词，意为“非常、极其”，前面使用不定冠词。，表示类别；第二个空是fruit与自身不同时期进行比较，best为最高级形式，前面加定冠词the,,
【总结】高考对冠词的考查主要是围绕冠词的基本用法进行的。所以我们要对冠词的基本用法有一个明确的了解。不定冠词常用于泛指，表示类别，而定冠词主要用于特指。零冠词的用法和习惯搭配也是值得考生注意的一个问题。
考点二 名词
名词为选考考点。在2004年高考15套试题中，考查名词的有6题，绝大多数考查的是名词词义辨析，这一点同学们要高度重视。有关名词的考查内容有：名词的复数形式；名词的可数性和不可数性；名词作定语；名词所有格等。
例题1 The manager spoke highly of such _____ as loyalty, courage and truthfulness shown by his employees.
A. virtues B. features C. properties D. characteristics
【答案】A。全句的意思：经理高度赞扬了他的雇员所表现出来的诸如忠诚、勇气和坦率等美德。
【解读】这是道名词词义辨析题，做名词辨析题要花一定的苦功，需要我们细心体会，认真比较，在大量的阅读中揣摩它们的细微差异，从而掌握它们的用法。
例题2 Niagara Falls is a great tourist＿，drawing millions of visitors every year.
A. attention B. attraction C. appointment D. arrangement
【答案】B. attraction “具有吸引力的人或物”，也可引申为“胜地”。attention”注意”，appointment“约会”，arrangement“安排”。根据句意，应选B。
【解读】本题考查名词词义辨析。高考中考查的名词通常是一些一词多义性名词，考查旧词新义是高考题的一个特点，故学习词汇的过程中应全面综合地掌握一个词的多层意义。
例题3 Shelly had prepared carefully for her biology examination so that she could be sure of passing it on her first
A. intention B. attempt C. purpose D. desire
【答案】B。attempt尝试; intention意图、打算; purpose目的；desire渴望。
【解读】此题考查名词词义辨析。高考中通常不会选一些学生非常熟悉的名词来考，而是选一些学生不易掌握的边缘名词来考。故扩大阅读视野，增加词汇量就显得十分重要。
例题4 There are three ______ in our clinic.
A. woman doctor B. woman doctors
C. women doctor D. women doctors
【答案】D。以man/ woman为前缀所构成的复合名词的复数形式，应前后都变为复数形式。
【解读】考查复合名词的复数形式。复合名词单数变复数，一般在中心主体名词后加-s。如：comrade-in-arms →comrades-in-arms战友；looker-on →lookers-on旁观者；runner-up →runners-up亚军。
如果没有中心名词，直接在单词末尾加 -s变成复数形式，如：grown-up →grown-ups成年人；sit-in →sit-ins静坐示威的人。
例题5 He is provided with＿．He needs various
A. food, food B. food, foods C. foods，foods D. foods, food
【答案】B a food表食物的总称时为不可数名词；表种类时多为可数名词。
【解读】此题主要考查在特定语境中，不可数名词的可数用法。不可数名词一般情况下无复数形式，也不在其单数形式前面加不定冠词。但某些不可数名词如表示若干类、数量之多、某种具体的情形时，则可把该名词改为其复数形式，或在这个不可数名词前面加不定冠词。如：Two coffees, please.请来两杯咖啡。
The first Chinese manned spaceship landed on the Gebi sands safely.
After many failures，they found out the cause of the SARS.
例题6 He dropped the＿and broke it.
A. cup of tea B. tea's cup C. cup for tea D. tea cup
【答案】D。tea为无生命的东西，作定语修饰另一名词表功能或用途。
【解读】此题考查名词作定语的用法。通常无生命的东西可以直接作定语修饰另一个名同。如： a stone bridge石桥；paper money纸币；diamond necklace钻石项链；silkdress丝绸服装；cotton goods棉制品；girl student女学生；adult actor成人演员；weather report天气预报；home news国内新闻。
注意：有些名词作定语时，通常只用复数。如：clothes shop服装店；goods train货车；sports field运动场。
例题7 There is ______ at the foot of the hill.
A. a dangerous crossroad B. dangerous crossroad
C. dangerous crossroads D. a dangerous crossroads
【答案】D.“十字路口、交叉路口”常用复数形式。
【解读】此题考查单复数同形的名词。中学英语中，单复数同形的名词有：Chinese, Japanese, sheep, deer, fish, means, works（作”工厂”解）等。主谓一致问题往往是单复数同形名词考查的重点。正确判断这些名词是单数还是复数是关键所在。如：
例1．All possible means _____（have /has）been tried.
例2. Every possible means _____（have/has) been tried
从例子1中可以看出，means在这里是复数，应用have. 例2中every后面应接单数形式，此处应用has.
例题8 ______ center has been set up to give＿on scientific farming for the nearby farmers.
A. Information; advice B. An information; advice
C. An information; advices D. information; advices
【答案】B。易错选A。有些同学只注意到information,为不可数名词，但没有看到information实际上是用作定语，修饰center; advice为不可数名词，不能用复数形式。
【解读】此题主要考查辨析名词的可数性和不可数性。有些名词貌似可数名词，实为不可数名词，这些名词往往成为高考考查的重点。如：fun, news, bread, bamboo, chalk, equipment, advice, information，progress, wealth等。
【总结】1)名词变复数的不规则变化，名词作定语，名词所有格的用法，抽象名词的具体化等需重点掌握。2)名词词义辨析是最重要的考．支，要注意在语境中掌握同义名词的细微差异。
考点三 数词
数词为选考考点。在2004年高考15套英语试卷中，只有广西卷考查了数词。数词的考点主要有：数词作程度状语的表达方式；分数的表达方式；模糊概数的用法；dozen和score的惯用法；年代、世纪、年龄的表达法等。
例题1 My ruler is ______ his.
A. two times as longer as B. twice the length of
C. three times longer of D. twice long than
【答案】B。易误选A和D, A项longer应为long; D项long应为longer。根据上面的分析，答案选B,
【解读】此题考查数词作程度状语的表达方式。倍数及分数作程度状语的表示法为：倍数／分数+ as + adj.（原级） + as...；倍数／分数 + the + n.+ of；倍数／分数 + adj．的比较级 + than...。注意下列程度状语在句中的位置。如：
This island is two-fifths larger than that one这个岛比那个岛大五分之二。
He is two years older than I．他比我大两岁。
There are 30% more boys than girls in our class．我班上的男生比女生多30% ,
This dictionary costs twice as much as that one．这本字典花的钱是那本字典的两倍。
例题2 He bought _______ copies of the magazine.
A. two dozen of B. two dozens of C. dozens of D. two dozens
【答案】C, dozens of表示”许多”，修饰可数名词。
【解读】本题考查重点数词的用法。注意score和dozen的用法。
1) score（二十），表示实际数量时不加”s“，但可加of。如：ten score of books (200本书）。但当表示不确定的概数时加”s”，加of;
2) dozen(一打，十二）也有类似的用法：表示实数时，不加s，不用of。当名词前有 these, those和修饰词时要用of,如：two dozen pencils（两打铅笔），a dozen of these books（一打这样的书）。当表示不确定的数时加s，加of，表示”数十”。
例题3 It is my _____ birthday today. Will you please come to the party this evening?
A. fifteen B. fifteen' s C. fifteenth D. fifteens
【答案】C。基数词表示数量；而序数词表示顺序，句意思应是”第十五个生日”，故应用序数词。
【解读】此题考查序数词。要注意拼写特殊的序数词。如：first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twentieth, thirtieth等。
例题4 _____ foreigners come to visit China every year since China opened her door to the outside world.
A. Hundreds and thousands of B. Hundreds of thousands of
C. Hundreds or thousands of D. Hundreds upon thousands of
【答案】B。英语中”成千上万”的表示为；hundreds of thousands of，故答案选B,
【解读】此题考查概数的表示方法。当表示不确切的数量时，我们就使用概数。表示法为：" tens of/ hundreds of/ thousands of/ millions of/ dozens of/scores of＋名词”，这些词的前面不能有具体的数词，但可有many, some, several等，如”数百名学生”可表示为：several hundreds of students.
例题5 He moved to Germany in _____，when he was in _____.
A. the late 1990s; his sixties B. late 1990’s；his sixties
C. the late 1990’s；his sixty D. late 1990s; his sixties
【答案】A。句意：在二十世纪末期，当他六十多岁时，他搬家到了德国。
【解读】“二十世纪后期”的正确表达方法是：in the late 1990s或in the late 1990’s”;“在某人六十多岁时”的表达式为：in one's sixties,
【总结】数词在高考中是选考考点，多为惯用法。
考点四 代词
代词为必考考点。在2004年高考15套试题中，考查代词的共19题（全国卷III和湖北卷未考）。重点考查不定代词和替代词的用法。it的用法也是一个常考点。
例题1 No bread eaten by us is so sweet as _____ earned by our own labor.
A. it B. one C. that D. ones
【答案】C。 bread是不可数名词，且是”通过自己的劳动赚取的面包”，是特指概念，故用that。
【解读】此题考查替代词that和one的区别。注意one(s) ,that(those）的区别： ① one ( ones）只能代替可数名词，可代替人或物。一般用来代替某一类中的任何一个，即泛指。但如前面被定冠词修饰，亦可特指。 (2)that( those）可代替可数名词或不可数名词，一般代替物。用于特指，多为后置定语。
例题2 If you shut _____ eye，you can see it better.
A. another B. the other C. other D. others
【答案】B。一个人只有两只眼睛，故用the othe：表示”两者中的另一个”。
【解读】此题考查other, others与another的用法区别。三者都是不定代词，它们在含义上有单复之别，在用法上有泛指、特指之别。其具体用法大致可归纳如下：
(1) 单数形式有：another/other＋n.（单数）（泛指不定数量中的另一个或类似的一个），the other + n.（单数）（特指两者中的另一个）；复数形式有：other + n.（复数）/ others（泛指另外的或其他的人或物）;the other ＋ n.（复数）/the others（特指一定范围内所有另外的或其他的人或物）.
(2) another 后通常接单数可数名词，当名词前有数词修饰时，才可以接复数名词，表示”再，又”；other表示”再，又”时则位于数词之后。如：
He's written another two books．他又写了两本书。
He' s written two other（此处也可用more代替other) books．他又写了两本书。
(3) others与some对比使用时，others表示some（一些）的含义。如：
Some say yes, and others say no．有人说对，有人说不对。
例题3 Shylock, how can you hope for mercy yourself when you show ______？
A. it B. nothing C. none D. no one
【答案】C。 none特指no mercy，故选C。
【解读】此题考查none和nothing的区别。nothing一般用来表泛指，而none常特指一定范围内的人或物，后面常接of。如：
Nothing in the world is difficult if you put your heart into it.
The baby asked for more milk, but there was none left in the bottle.
例题4 The couple are so warm-hearted that＿of them spares efforts to help
ethers.
A. both B. either C. neither D. none
【答案】C. couple表示”夫妻两人”，可排除D。 spare no efforts为习语，意为”不遗余力做……”，此处否定前移，所以必须用有否定意义的代词。句意为：这对夫妇如此好心以至于他们不遗余力地帮助别人。
【解读】此题考查both, either, neither和none的区别。neither指的是”两者都不”，
含全部否定的意义；eithe：指”两者中的一个”；both指的是”两个都”;none指的是”都
下（三者或三者以上）”，含全部否定的意义。例如：
None of us have been to the moon．我们当中没有人去过月球。
Neither of us has visited the zoo．我们俩人都没有参观过动物园。
---Which tie would you prefer, the black tie or the red tie, madam?
---I’11 take both, to have a change sometimes.
例题5 She works as a typist in a company. However, she doesn't like the work, because _____ calls for patience and speed
A. which B. it C. they D. she
【答案】13o it在此为指示代词，指代前面提到的work,
【解读】it是代词考查中的一个重点。要注意它的用法。
it作代词可以代替上文中提到的事情或情况。如：
He took the medicine bought in the drugstore, and it did work．
it的这种用法要注意和由关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句用法的区别。关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句与被修饰的词语之间要用逗号分开，且不用连词连接；而it作替代词时，it所在的句子与被替代的句子分别为两个独立的句子，或者用并列连接词加以连接。试比较：
He failed in the exam, and it worried him．他考试没有及格，这使他很发愁。
He failed in the exam. It worried him.
He failed in the exam, which worried him
例题6 The artist said,“_____ is a pleasure to be invited to give the performance
here.”
A. She B. It C. Which D. There
【答案】Bo it用作形式主语代替后面的不定式。
【解读】it可作形式主语或形式宾语，代替不定式、动名词、主语从句或宾语从句。it这一用法一直是高考命题的热点。如：
It is necessary for you to buy a computer．你很有必要买一台电脑。
例题7 Animals do not talk in words. They communicate by smelling, sound and movements with ______ animal.
A. any B. another C. each D. the other
【答案】B. another作定语一般修饰单数名词。
【解读】此题考查不定代词的辨析。
例题8 Would you care for＿more tea?
A. any B. some C. little D. a lot of
【答案】B o some用于疑问句中，表示希望对方做出肯定回答。
【解读】本题考查any和some的区别： ① any用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中；any也可用于肯定句中，表示”任一’,如：I want a few envelopes. If you have any, give me some．我要一些信封。你有的话，给我一些。
Have you any plan？你有计划了吗？
You can make it any day. It is the same to me．
② some用于肯定句中。但也可以用于表肯定性建议、要求的疑问句中。
Would you come in and have some drink？进来喝些饮料好吗？
例题9 _____ boy was present at the meeting, and _____ of them was encouraged to express his own idea freely.
A. Each; each B. Every; every C. Each; every D. Every; each
【答案】D。every boy意义相当于all the boys，代词作主语，只能用each。
【解读】此题考查each和every的区别： ①each强调“个体”，而every强调“全体”。如：
Every student has a dictionary．每个学生都有词典。（强调全体）
The inspector shook hands with each worker．（强调每一个个体）
each可以作主语，宾语或定语，但every只能作定语，不能单独作主语或宾语。如：
Every/Each woman in our company is permitted to go out for travel or. Women's Day.
Each of us has to answer for our action．我们每一个人都要对自己的行为负责。
③ each指两者或两者以上中的”每个”，every指三者或三者以上中的”每个”。因此，指两者时不能用every。There are many trees on each side of the road．街道的每一边都有很多树。
例题10 It’s impossible for all the people to get the jobs because _____ of them are not fit for them.
A. none B. all C. not all D. every one
【答案】B o all... not构成部分否定。后面有not，故不能选A和C a every one后面谓语动词应用单数形式，也可排除D.
【解读】本题考查部分否定。everything, all, both与not连用常常构成部分否定。
【总结】代词看似简单，其实不易，考生要在整体把握各类代词的基本用法的基础上，重点掌握上述所讲的不定代词的用法区别和替代词的用法区别。
考点五 介词与连词
介词为常考考点而连词为必考考点。在2004年高考15套试题中，考查介词和介词短语的共9题，考查连词的共26题。介词常见考点有：常见介词的基本用法，如 at, like, to, by, with, of, for, over等；常用介词的区别，如：through/ across/over; in/ on/ at; but/ except/besides/ except for；固定短语或习惯搭配中的介词等。连词主要考查近义连词的用法区别和它们在特定语境中的使用。
例题1 This star was named _____ a Chinese ____ honor of his contributions to astronomy.
A. for; with B. as; for C. after; in D. with; to
【答案】C , name after表示”根据……命名”;in honor of表示”为纪念……”。
【解读】此题考查介词的固定用法。许多介词有固定用法，平时要注意认真搜集记忆一些特殊的介词搭配，见多识广，才会做到运用自如。
例题2 The key＿success lies＿persistence and hard work.
A. to; in B. of ; for C. for; to D. of; in
【答案】A. the key to表示”……的关键”；lie in表示”在于”。
【解读】此题为打破思维定势题。有些汉语意义上的”的”，在英语中不用of，而用to。如：the solution to the problem, the key to the door, the notes to the text, the entrance to
the cave, a visit to Beijing, the introduction to the product,
例题3 _____ more and more forests destroyed, many animals are facing the danger of dying out.
A. Because B. As C. With D. Since
【答案】C, destroyed在此是过去分词，作宾语补足语。故可判定前面部分并不是一个完整的句子，而是一个独立主格结构，故答案为C,
【解读】本题主要考查对句式的判断能力。有些同学不认真审题，认为这是一个时间状语从句，as又有”随着”的意思，所以误选了B.
例题4 ---This is Jane speaking.
---0h, it' s you. Your voice sounds quite different＿the phone.
A. for B. from C. by D. on
【答案】D。此题容易受思维定势影响而选B项，而实际意思是“声音在电话中听起来不同”。
【解读】高考通常考查介词在一定的语境下的活用情况。弄懂句意是答题的关键。
例题5 The picture looks very beautiful _____ the light wall.
A. in B. of C. over D. against
【答案】D, against在此处表示”以……为背景”。
【解读】介词通常有多种意义，而少见少用的意义通常会成为高考的考查点。
例题6 ---I don't like singing＿dancing, what about you?
---I don't like dancing,＿ I like singing songs.
A. and; and B. and; but C. or; but D. or; and
【答案】C。第一句话的意思是“我不喜欢唱歌和跳舞”，第二句的意思是“我不喜欢跳舞，但我喜欢唱歌”。or用在否定句中，连接两个并列成分。
【解读】此题主要考查but的用法。英语中表示转折或对比关系的连词有：but, while等，其中but语气最强，while表示对照关系。如：His wife is very tall while he is very short．
例题7 It is snowing outside, _____ it is so bright at night.
A. as B. for C. because D. since
【答案】B。外面很亮并不一定是下雪了，故这个原因是推测出来的。
【解读】此题考查表示因果关系的连词的区别。for和because都用来表示原因，for所引导的从句只是据上文的推断原因，并非直接的原因。而because是从属连词，可放在句前或句后，它所引导的句子和主句构成直接的因果关系。如：
She cried because she failed in the exam．因为没通过考试，她哭了。（直接原因）
She may fail in the exam, for she cried．（推测原因）
例题8 Internet should be developed to help people＿endanger people.
A. more than B. other than C. rather than D. better than
【答案】C。本题主要考查固定短语作连词的用法。more than意为”不仅仅……”；other than意为”除了”，rather than意为”而不是……，与其……宁愿……”；better than 意为”比……好”。本题的意思是”因特网的发展应该是有助于人民，而不是危害人民”。
【解读】or, otherwise, rather than, either... or…等词连接并列的词、短语和句子时表示选择其中的一个。如：
He rather than you is to blame．该受责备的是他不是你。
例题9 He was about to get off the bus＿he saw his father
A. as B. until C. while D. when
【答案】D。句意为：他刚刚要下车，这时他看见了他的爸爸。
【解读】when可用作并列连词，相当于at that time, then意为“这时”。
【总结】诚然掌握介词的基本用法及介词与动词、形容词、名词的习惯搭配很关健，但更重要的是把握好在具体语境中的介词的活用。使用连词时一定要准确判断前后句子的逻辑关系，同时要注意句子的特定语境。
考点六 形容词与副词
形容词和副词为必考考点。在2004年高考15套试题中，考查形容词和副词的共有22题（除北京和重庆卷外）。命题热点有：形容词和副词的基本用法及其在句中的位置；比较等级及其修饰语；在特定的语境中选择恰当的词语；enough等重点词的用法等。
例题1 There lay a ______ box in front of the window.
A. little round black wooden B. black little round wooden
C. round black wooden little D. wooden round black little
【答案】A。 little表示大小，round表示形状，black表示颜色,wooden表示材料，故选A。
【解读】此题考查多个形容词连用时的排列顺序。多个形容词作定语时，形容词的排列顺序为：
总括性形容词（all／both／no)＋限制性形容词（指示代词／形容词性物主代词／冠词／名词的所有格）＋数词（序数词／基数词）十感官（描绘性）形容词＋大＋形状＋年龄／新旧＋颜色＋产地＋材料＋目的／用途／类别＋中心词名词或代词
为了方便记忆，可用一句顺口溜来概括：总县（限）官，大行（形）令（龄），杀（色）国
才（材），目的用途名词前。
例题2 This year they have produced＿grain＿they did last year.
A. as less; as B. as few; as C. less; than D. fewer; than
【答案】C. as... as中用形容词或副词原形，从而排除选项A；句子中的grain是不可数名词，不能用few修饰，故答案选Co
【解读】此题考查副词的比较级。注意形容词、副词的比较级、最高级的形式和应用。
(1）比较级＋than＋名词／代词
一般情况下，than后面既可接代词的主格也可接代词的宾格，但是当主句的谓语动
词为及物动词时，主格代词与宾格代词的意思不一样。如：
She loves the dog better than he．她比他更喜欢那条狗。
She loves the dog better than him．她喜欢那条狗甚于喜欢他。
(2）比较级＋and＋比较级
此句型的意思是：越来越……，如： Our state is getting stronger and stronger．
(3)the＋比较级，the＋比较级
此句型的意思是：越……，就越…… 如：
The more you learn, the more you want to learn．你学得越多，你就越想学。
(4) (not) as／so＋原级＋as 此句型的意思是：……跟… … 一样/ ……不如……，如：
Li Lei is as tall as Wu Dong．李雷跟吴东一样高。
Our room is not so / as large as theirs．我们的房间不如他们的大。
(5)否定词＋比较级 = 最高级 如：You can' t find a better hotel here．
例题3 They are _____ little children that we all like them.
A. so B. such C. very D. quite
【答案】B。根据句型结构排除选项C,D;而句子中的little为一般性的形容词，不是指数量的少而是指年龄或体格小而可爱，于是，前面用such修饰。
【解读】此题考查so和such的用法区别。so... that和such... that都可引导结果状语从句，要注意其用法区别。
1) so后面接形容词、副词及many, much, little, few等不定代词。
2) such后接可数名词复数或不可数名词。另外“such + 不定冠词 + 形容词 + 单数名词”= “so + 形容词 + 不定冠词 + 单数名词”。
例题4 Li lei's father is ______ too old to travel ______ far.
A. very; so B. rather; that C. many; quite D. far; much
【答案】B。根据空后的too可排除A, C;根据much用法可排除选项D. rather通常用来修饰too.
【解读】此题考查了that作副词时的一个特殊用法。that作副词意义上相当于so（如此）。如：I didn't think you had changed that much．我没想到你变化那么多。
例题5 ---How is Ellen today? ---She said she was ______ better.
A. very B. fairly C. pretty D. quite
【答案】D。一般说这四个程度副词不能修饰比较级，但quite只可修饰better, 指身体较好。
【解读】此题考查比较级的修饰语。程度副词much, many, far，rather, rather, even, a lot, little等词语常用来修饰形容词或副词的比较级。
The experiment was much easier than we had expected．
There are many more girls than boys in my class．
例题6 In the sports meeting he jumped _____，so he was _____ spoken of.
A. highly; high B. most highly; high C. high; highly D. highest; highly
【答案】D。副词high一般指具体的高或高度；highly指抽象的高、高度。
【解读】此题考查同根副词的辨析。请注意以下同根副词的差异： late（迟的），lately（最近的）；close（接近地），closely（密切地）;deep（深地，指具体深度）,deeply（深深地，表抽象含义）；high高地，指具体高度），highly（高度地，表抽象含义）；wide（宽地，表具体宽度），widely（广泛地，表抽象含义）。
例题7 The _____ to challenge his difficulties has been praised by the headmaster.
A. enough brave boy B. brave enough boy
C. boy brave enough D. boy enough brave
【答案】C. enough修饰形容词brave时，放在brave之后。
【解读】此题考查enough的用法。enough可用作名词、形容词和副词。作副词用时，常放在所修饰词的后面。如：Enough has been said on the subject．这个话题已说得够多了。
The student isn' t tall enough to reach the top of the bookshelf．
The driver drove his car carefully enough．这个司机开车足够细心。
I have something important enough to tell you．我有些很重要的事情要告诉你。
例题8 The computer sounds _____．
A. cheaply B. expensively C. costly D. wonderfully
【答案】C. costly是个形容词，”昂贵”的意思。
【解读】此题考查以ly结尾的形容词或副词的区别。sounds在此用作连系动词，而连系动词后面要求接形容词作表语。
例题9 He told me that＿nothing there was worth looking into.
A. nearly B. almost C. hardly C. seldom
【答案】B. nothing前应用almost修饰。
【解读】此题考查nearly和almost的区别。这两个词意思相近，肯定句中可以相互换用。一般来说，almost的差距比nearly小。主要区别有：1) almost能和never, no, none, nothing, nobody，nowhere等连用，这种情况下不能用nearly。如：Almost nothing is worth listening to in this lecture. 这个演讲几乎没有什么东西值得一听。
② nearly可以和not连用，not nearly是”远不如”的意思。如：The work is not nearly
perfect．这个工作远不完美。
例题10 They have held three meetings this week ______.
A. alone B. lonely C. ever D. just
【答案】A。副词alone修饰名词时要后置。
【解读】此题主要考查alone和lonely的区别。① lonely只作形容词，可作定语、表语，但不能作状语。作表语时，表示”孤独的”、”寂寞的”，带有感情色彩，是一种内心情感。例如：He is alone, but he isn't lonely．他虽一个人，但并不感到寂寞。 ②alone作副词，充当状语；亦可作形容词，作表语，但不能作定语。作表语时表示客观事实（独自一人）。例如：He lives alone in a lonely temple．他独自住在一个荒凉的庙里。
例题11 _____，the boys were shouting and singing.
A. Happy and excited B. Happily and excited
C. Happily and excitedly D. Happy and excitedly
【答案】A. 形容词短语作原因状语
【解读】此题考查形容词短语作状语的用法。形容词短语可用来表示主句的一种伴随状态或原因。如：He went to bed, cold and hungry．他又冷又饿，上床睡觉去了。 He stood there still．
例题12 It is ______ that you can pass the driving test.
A. sure B. surely C. certainly D. certain
【答案】D. it is后面只能用certain作表语。
【解读】此题考查sure和certain作表语时的区别。sure和certain都可作表语，区别二者的关键在主语。sure的主语只能是人，而certain既可以人作主语，也可以it作主语（作形式主语）。例如：He is sure/certain to win the game．在比赛中他肯定能获胜。
It' s certain that it will snow tomorrow．明天肯定会下雪。
【总结】要掌握比较级和最高级的表达方式及常见的句型；做题时要结合语境，认 真辫析从而作出正确选择；做题时不能墨守成规，要辩证地分析问题。
考点七 主谓一致
主谓一致为选考考点。在2004年高考15套试题中，考查主谓一致的只有2题（北京卷和广东卷考了这个考点）。考点包括：倒装句主语的确定；集体名词、总称名词、单复数同形名词单复数的确定；不定式、动名词、主语从句作主语时谓语动词的确定，定语从句主语的确定等。
例题 1 The police ______ a prisoner.
A. is searching for B. are searching for
C. is searching D. has searched for
【答案】B. police后面的谓语动词应用复数形式。
【解读】此题考查集体名词的用法。英语中有些名词尽管没有复数形式，但其具有复数意义，需要注意的是后面的动词只能用复数形式。如police, people（人们），cattle, clothes，trousers, glasses等。如： Where are my glasses？我的眼镜在什么地方？
Do the clothes fit me？这衣服合我的身吗？
The cattle have been driven away．牛群已被赶走了。
例题2 E-mail，as well as telephones, ______ an important part in daily communication.
A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play
【答案】A。句子的谓语应与e-mail保持一致。
【解读】此题考查学生判断句子主语的能力。当主语后面跟有“in, out of, with, along with, together with, including, but, except, like, as well as, no more than, no less than, in addition to, rather than + 名词”短语时，谓语动词应与前面的主语保持一致。如：
The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory．
He as well as I wants to go boating．他和我都想去划船。
Tom, rather than his brothers, is to blame．这要怪汤姆，而不是他的兄弟们。
例题3 How close parents are to their children＿a strong effect on the charac-
ter of the children.
A. have B. has C. having D. to have
【答案】B。主语从句作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。
【解读】此题主要考查主语从句作主语时谓语形式的选择。英语中当主语从句、不定式、动名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如：To see is to believe．眼见为实。Reading English magazines and novels is helpful to us．读英语杂志和小说对我们来说是有用的。
例题4 South of the lake＿two famous universities.
A. have B. has C. are D. is
【答案】C。此句为倒装句，主语应为two famous universities。
【解读】要注意倒装句主语的确定。例如：
There stands a temple at the foot of the mountain．山脚下有一座庙。
There seem to be two horses in the distance．远方好像有两匹马。
I get up very early, so does he．我起床起得很早，他也是如此。
例题5 The Smith's family, which _____ rather a large one, ____ very fond of their old house.
A. were; were B. was；were C. were; was D. was；was
【答案】B。第一个空的family是整体概念，第二个空应指家庭成员。
【解读】 集体名词作主语时，谓语形式要根据主语的意思来决定。如class, family, army, team, crew, audience , couple, group, company, committee等词后谓语用复数形式时，意为这个集体中的各个成员，用单数时表示该集体（整体概念）。如：
His family isn't very large．他家不是一个大家庭。
His family are music lovers．他的家人都是音乐爱好者。
例题6 Live sheep _____ to Hong Kong by truck.
A. is shipped B. ship C. ships D. are shipped
【答案】D。 sheep前面无冠词，也没有其它的限定词，故可判定sheep为复数意义。而且这些活绵羊是”被运往香港”的，故用被动形式。
【解读］单复数同形的名词Chinese, Japanese, sheep, deer, fish, means, works（作品，工厂）等作主语时，要注意辨别是单数还是复数，从而确定动词的形式。如：
A glass works is to be built here．这儿将建一个玻璃厂。
Most Japanese have traveled abroad．大部分日本人出过国。
例题7 Neither he nor his children＿ interested in jazz music.
A. have B. are C. is D. has
【答案】B。谓语动词应与最近的children保持一致，后面为系表结构。
【解读】考查就近原则的运用。 ①当there be句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与其最邻近的主语保持一致。 There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.
②当or, either…or…, neither…nor…, whether…or…, not…but…, not on1y… but also…等连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。如果句子是由 here, there引导，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常也和最邻近的主语保持一致。
Neither Ann nor Jane is from New Zealand. Either you or she is to go.
Here is a pen, a few envelopes and some paper for you.
例题8 He was the only one of the candidates who _____ able to carry out his campaign pledge.
A. have been B. has been C. were D. was
【答案】D。先行词为the only one，故定语从句的谓语动词应用单数形式，根据主句 的时态，从句应用一般过去时，故选D.
【解读】此题考查在定语从句中关系代词作主语时，从句谓语动词的形式。
【总结】主谓一致考点大致可分为就近一致，意思一致，语法一致三大类，做题时要注意下面几点：1)一定要找准关键主语；2)找准倒装句等句中的主语；3）记准一些惯用法。
考点八 动词时态
动词时态为必考考点。在2004年高考15套试题中，考查时态的共23题（除广东卷外）。时态是历年重点考查的项目，通常在2道题以上。主要考查的时态有现在完成时、一般过去时、一般现在时、过去进行时、过去完成时、现在进行时等。
例题1 Her MP3 _____ wrong though she used it only once.
A. went B. has gone C. had gone D. is going
【答案】B。此处强调对现在造成的影响或结果。
【解读】此题考查现在完成时态的用法。现在完成时是最重要的一种时态。主要用于：
1)表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。如：Have you ever been to the West Lake？你曾经去过西湖吗？
2）表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。I haven' t met her since then．从那以后我再也没有见过她。
3)在时间或条件从句中表示在将来某个时间之前要完成某个动作。I' 1 return the magazine to you as soon as I have finished it．我看完后就把杂志还给你。
现在完成时常常有比较固定的标志词，如so far, recently, lately, ever, for, since, by now, this week, today, for the last few days等时间状语常与现在完成时态连用。有些句型通常也与现在完成时态连用。如：
This is the first time that I have surfed the net．这是我第一次上网。
This is the best cell-phone that I have ever bought．这是我买过的最好的手机。
例题2 ---Excuse me, but taking photos is forbidden here.
---I' m terribly sorry, I _____.
A. don't know B. won't know C. haven't known D. didn't know
【答案】D。表示在说话之前不知道。
【解读】考查一般过去时态。一般过去时主要表示在过去某一时刻发生的动作或存在的状态。在条件、时间、让步等状语从句中，常用一般过去时表示过去将来的动作。She told me she wouldn't leave until you came back．她告诉我在你回来以前她是不会离开的。
要注意一般过去时和现在完成时的区别。现在完成时表示某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况，因此不能与表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时只表示过去发生的某事，和现在没有关系。试比较：
He has lost the key．他把钥匙丢了。（现在没有了）
He lost the key．他把钥匙丢了。（现在可能找到了，也可能没找到）
例题3 ---Look, it _____ again.
---Yeah. This is the fourth snow we _____ this month.
A. is snowing; have had B. is snowing; will have
C. snows; have D. will snow; had
【解读】本题考查现在进行时和现在完成时时态。现在进行时主要用于： 1)表示说话时正在进行的动作。 2)表示现阶段正在进行的动作，但此刻不一定正在进行。 3）表示反复发生的动作。常与always, constantly, all the time等连用，表示说话人的不满、愤怒、抱怨、赞赏等。
【答案】A。根据look可以看出，“雪正在下”，故用现在进行时态。在 “it is the first/ second...＋从句”中，从句用现在完成时。如果是 “it was the first/second...＋从句”，则从句用过去完成时。
例题4 ---Do you still remember the first time we met?
---Of course. You _____ an English evening party.
A. organized B. have organized C. had organized D. were organizing
【答案】D。表示当时正在发生某个动作。
【解读】本题考查过去进行时态。过去进行时表示过去某个时间正在发生的动作。如：
What were you doing at 10 o' clock last night？你昨晚10点在干什么？
例题5 We'd better accept his offer before he＿
A. changes his mind B. will change his mind
C. changed his mind D. is to change his mind
【答案】A。从句用一般现在时表示将来要发生的动作。
【解读】考查一般现在时态的一般用法。一般现在时主要表示现在经常性或习惯性的动作或状态。在条件、时间、让步等状语从句中，可用一般现在时表示将来的动作。如：
If you go there, I' 11 keep your company．如果你去那里，我将与你同行。
Even if it snows tomorrow, the performance won’t be called off.
例题6 The old man _____ his hometown since 1955. He is anxious to return to his hometown.
A. has left B. left C. has been away from D. was away from
【解读】此题考查瞬间性动词和持续性动词的区别。瞬间动词用于完成时，表示一个动作的结束，它不表示动作的持续状态，不能和段时间状语连用（如for a year, since 1990)。如与段时间状语连用，句中的动词应用持续性动词或表示状态的动词。
【答案】C o since 1955表示”延续到现在的一段时间”，故用现在完成时态。且谓语动词必须用延续性动词表示状态。
例题7 Julia _____ with a stranger when Jim went to get the jacket he _____ in the restaurant.
A. had quarreled; left B. had quarreled; had left
C. was quarreling; has left D. was quarreling; had left
【答案】D。进去时发现正在与一位陌生人吵架，所以用过去进行时。把夹克忘在饭店发生在他进去之前，因此要用过去完成时。
【解读】此题考查过去完成时和过去进行时态。过去完成时是一种相对概念，是相对于过去某一个时间或动作而言的。因此一定要在形式或意义上有明显的过去时间或动作作为参照标志。主要表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态，即动作或状态发生在”过去的过去”。
例题8 She _____ a report, but she hasn' t finished it yet.
A. has been writing B. was writing C. has written D. wrote
【答案】A。根据语境“她在写一篇报道，但现在还没有写完”，故用现在完成进行时态，强调动作的未完成性。
【解读】此题考查对现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别。现在完成进行时强调动作的延续性，而现在完成时态则侧重于动作的完成性。
例题9 The foreigner＿in our school for ten months by November.
A. will teach B. has taught
C. will have been teaching D. has been teaching
【答案】C。句意：这个外国人到十一月份为止已在我校任教十个月了。
【解读】根据后面的时间状语by November可知，这个动作延续到十一月底，但到这时并未结束，故用将来完成进行时。
例题10 ---Don' t forget to send email to me. ---_____.
A. I don't B. I won't C. I can't D. I haven't
【解读】一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。如：He' 11 tell you all you want to know when he comes back．他回来后会把一切都告诉你。
【答案】B。发email是将来的事情，故用一般将来时态。
【总结】高考题往往不会涉及单一的时态，更多地侧重于时态的交又使用和呼应，及与语态的结合使用等。答题时要认真研读题干，寻找尽可能多的时间参照信息，尤其是其它动词的时态。
考点九 动词语态
动词语态为常考考点。在2004年高考15套试题中，考查被动语态的共7题。在历年有关被动语态的考题中，共涉及了七种时态的被动语态，其中以一般现在时和现在进行时态最多。命题人常常把被动语态和动词的时态结合起来考查。
例题1 The taxi was out of control，and the driver ____，according to some villagers，to have been killed
A. said B. was said C. was saying D. had been said
【解读】此题考查被动语态的形式。被动语态由”be十过去分词”构成，各种时态通过be的变化来体现。英语中的主动语态共有16种.
【答案】B。后半句可还原为：It was said that the driver had been killed．所以当the
driver作主语时要用被动形式。
例题2 The flowers looked as if they _____ for a long time.
A. haven't watered B. weren't watered
C. didn't water D. hadn't been watered
【答案】D。句意：这些花看起来好像很久没有浇过水。
【解读】从句要用虚拟语气。根据主句的谓语动词looked可知是对过去情况的虚拟，所以用过去完成时，而且要用被动形式。
例题3 ---The 1206 train had an accident last night.
---Jim _____；he happened to be on board.
A. may have hurt B. may be hurt
C. maybe hurting D. may have been hurt
【答案】D。此处是用情态动词表示对过去情况的推测。
【解读】情态动词的被动语态形式通常为”情态动词＋be十动词的过去分词”。如：Your composition must be handed in by Friday．你的作文必须在星期五前交上来。
例题4 Your photos ______．Wait a moment and you will get them.
A. have developed B. are being developed
C. were developed D. are developed
【答案】B。句意：你的照片正在冲洗之中。等一会儿你就可以拿到照片了。
【解读】根据语境可知，照片还没有洗出来，正在”被冲洗”，故用现在进行时的被动语态形式。
例题5 Put on your gloves, or your hands will get ______．
A. burning B. to burn C. burn D. burnt
【答案】D. “get十过去分词”为系表结构，表示被动。
【解读】并非所有的”be＋过去分词”都是被动语态形式。被动结构强调的是动作，系表结构表示主语的特点或所处的状态。
The window is broken.（系表结构）
The window was broken by a naughty boy.（被动结构）
The door was closed at once.（被动结构）
The door was closed all the year round.（系表结构）
The small room was crowded with people.（系表结构）
例题6 ---Why did you put the wood near the fire9 It' s dangerous！
---Don' t worry. Wet wood won't _____．
A. burnt B. be burnt C. be burning D. burn
【答案】D. burn可用主动形式表示被动意义。
【解读】本题考查了动词的主动语态表被动意义的用法。有类似用法的动词还有：close, read, write, sell, open等。又如：The pen writes smoothly．这钢笔用起来很好用。
This kind of cloth washes well．这种布好洗。
【总结】一定要熟记各种时态的被动语态的构成。被动语态由 “助动词be＋过去分词”构成，时态通过be表现出来。做题时，首先根据主语与谓语的关系确定是否是被动关系，然后再根据有关时间信息确定用哪种时态。
考点十 情态动词
情态动词为必考考点。在2004年高考15套试题中，考查情态动词的共14题（除天津和广东卷外）。主要考查常见的情态动词can, must, may, need, dare, should, will, shall等的基本含义和基本用法；情态动词表推测的用法；”情态动词＋完成式”结构表示责备等。
例题1 His child left home three years ago. An idea that something _____ to him has been worrying him a lot.
A．can have happened B. should have happened
C. must happen D. must have happened
【答案】A。句意为”他的孩子可能出了什么事的想法一直困扰着他‘，。
【解读】此题考查情态动词表推测的用法。must, can/ could, may/ might均可表示推测，其语气must最强，might最弱。表示对现在或将来的情况推测时，其后面接动词原形；表示对过去情况的推测时，后面接have done的形式；对现在正在进行的情况推测时，可接be doing的形式。must表示推测，意为“一定是、准是”，此种用法只用于肯定句。如：
Yang Ping must have been at home last night．杨平昨晚一定在家里。
Wu Bin must be practising the piano at home now．吴宾现在一定在家里练习弹钢琴。
例题2 You are lying. The manager _____ in his office now, because he is talking with me in my home at the moment.
A. may not be working B. can not be working
C. mustn’t be working D. can not have worked
【答案】B。句意为”经理现在不可能在办公室里工作”，否定的语气很坚决，用can' t。
【解读】要注意表推测用法时can' t和may not意义上的区别。 can' t是 “不可能”的意思，而may not表示“可能不”。试比较：
He can't have arrived in Beijing, because I saw him ten minutes ago．
He may not have had breakfast．他也许还没吃早饭。
例题3 You must have seen the film last night, _____ you？
A. haven't B. didn't C. mustn't D. hadn’t
【答案】B. last night表明此句原先应为一般过去时态，故选B.
【解读】当情态动词表推测时，反意疑问句的谓语应回归到表推测前的时态。如： He must be tired，isn' t he? She must have known the news，hasn’t she?
例题4 ---May I surf the Internet tonight？
---No, you _____．You must do the exercises.
A. needn’t B. won’t C. mustn' t D. don't
【答案】C . you mustn't表示“你不被准许”之意。
【解读】此题考查对以情态动词提问的一般疑问句的回答。在英语中，以某些情态动词提问的句子，出于礼貌委婉的需要，或出于句意的需要，回答时（多为否定回答），要用另一个情态动词。在回答must提问的一般疑问句时，肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn't或don' t have to；在回答may提问的一般疑问句时，肯定回答用may，否定回答用mustn' t；在回答need提问的一般疑问句时，肯定回答用must，否定回答用needn't；在回答could , can , may , might，will所提问的表示征求对方意见或表示请求的一般疑问句时，肯定回答用can, may，否定回答常用can't。如：
---Must I finish my homework before eight o'clock？ ---No, you needn't.
例题5 He was a good swimmer so he _____ swim to the river bank when the boat sank.
A. could B. was able to C. needed D. might
【答案】B. be able to 在此表示“设法做成了某事”之意。
【解读】can和be able to都可表示”能力”，意思上相近，但有区别：
(1) be able to的主语必须是人或动物，而can对此没有限制。
He can／is able to swim across the river．他能游过这条河。
The TV set can be fixed in 20 minutes．这台电视机在20分钟内能够修好。
② be able to可有各种时态形式，而can只有could这一过去式。
Tom will be able to skate as well as you. Tom滑冰将会和你一样好。
③ be able to的过去式（was/ were able to）可表示”设法做成某事，，，相当于“managed to do sth.”或“succeeded in doing sth”；而can的过去式没有这样的意义。
例题6 I _____，but I didn' t think you were serious.
A. shouldn't laugh B. wouldn't laugh
C. shouldn’t have laughed D. needn't have laughed
【答案】C。“我不应该笑”，但实际上我发出了笑声。
【解读】此句考查“情态动词＋完成式”表略微责备的用法。 should/ ought to/ could/ need + 完成式”常用来表示”本来应该／能够／有必要做某事，而实际上并没有做某事”之意。如：You could have passed the test．你本来可以通过这次测试的。（实际上并未通过）
You are late again; you should have got up earlier．你又迟到了，你应该早点起床。
例题7 ---I got up at five this morning, I thought it was Friday.
---You _____ so early. It is Sunday today; you don't have to go to work.
A. musn’t have got up B. needn't have got up
C. needn' t get up D. mustn't get up
【答案】B。句意：你本来没有必要起床一早。
【解读】从语境上判断，今天是星期天，你不必起得太早，但实际上动作已经发生了，故用needn't have got up,
例题8 ---______ the film be on now? 一It ______ be, but I' m not sure.
A. Can; may B. Must; needn't C. May; mustn't D. Can; can't
【答案】A. can和may在此表示推测。根据but I' m not sure可知语气不是太肯定，故用may.
【解读】may表示”可能”，用于推测，意为“可能、也许、或许”，多用于肯定推测，可能性一般不太大，使用时，通常有语境暗示，如I' m not sure等。
---Where is Tom? Tom在哪里？ ---He may be in the library．他也许在图书馆。
She may not be in the office today．今天她可能不在办公室。
例题9 When the party was over, it was already midnight. So he _____ walk home instead of taking a bus.
A. must B. can C. used to D. had to
【答案】D。因为那时已没有公共汽车，所以他”不得不”走路回家。
【解读】must表示说话人的主观看法，即强调主观上的必要性；have to表示在客观上要求某人”不得不做某事”。如：My uncle is ill. I must go to the hospital to see him．我叔叔病了。我必须去医院看望他（主观看法）。The bridge is washed away by the flood. So we have to take another way．桥被洪水冲跨了。所以我们不得不走另一条路（客观必要性）。
例题10 ---You＿take photos here.
---I am sorry. I didn' t see the sign on the wall.
A. needn't B. won’t C. mustn't D. can’t
【答案】C。句意：“你不许在此照相。”
【解读】此题考查情态动词的否定用法。won' t：不愿意，mustn' t：禁止，不准，needn't：不必；根据语境，此处应用mustn' t表示禁止做某事。
例题11 He drooped his head without daring＿his angry father.
A. look at B. to look at C. looks at D. look
【答案】B。dare在without后面，是动名词形式，故可判断dare在此作实义动词。
【解读】此题考查dare的用法。dare和need一样既可作为实义动词又可作为情态动词。dare, need作为实义动词有人称和数的变化，后面的不定式带to；作为情态动词气没有人称和数的变化，need只有一般现在时而dare可用于一般现在时和一般过去时。如：He dared not tell the truth他不敢讲真话。
例题12 ---Don' t be late for your interview.
---Of course I won' t. In fact，I ______ wait to meet the manager.
A. mustn't B. needn' t C. can’t D. shan't
【答案】C。句意为：我迫不及待地想见到经理。
【解读】此题考查固定结构。can' t wait to do sth．是“急不可待地想做某事”之意。
例题13 It has been announced that passengers _____ remain in their seats until the dangerous objects have been removed.
A. can B. will C. may D. shall
【答案】D。shall在此表示”命令，强制”之意。
【解读】 shall作情态动词，用于第二人称和第三人称，表示承诺、意图、必然、命令、决心、一定、必须等。Tom shall have a toy, if he is a good boy．如果汤姆是个好孩子，他会得到一件玩具。
shall用于第一人称和第三人称的疑问句中，表示征求对方意见，表示“要不要，好吗”之意。如：Shall I open the window？我打开窗户好吗？
【总结】正确使用情态动词的关键在于准确理解说话人的情感和态度。所以做题时要利用细节，想象出会话的实际情景，体会说话人的语气和态度，从而作出正确的选择。
考点十一 虚拟语气
虚拟语气为选考考点。在2004年高考15套试题中，考查虚拟语气的共2题。虚拟语气命题热点有：虚拟条件句，尤其是错综条件句和含蓄条件句；wish, insist, suggest, demand, order, advise等动词后宾语从句中的虚拟语气；as if, it' s time that…，主语从句及表语从句中的虚拟语气；“should/ ought to＋完成式”构成的虚拟语气等。
例题1 ---I can' t recite the poem.
---Well, you are supposed _____ it many times yesterday evening.
A. to read B. to have read C. reading D. having read
【解读】be supposed有”应该”之意，后面只接不定式，若不定式用完成式，表示”过去本来应该做某事，而实际上没有去做”，用否定式意思则相反，此用法也含有”批评、责备、抱怨”之意。
【答案】B。句意：你昨天晚上就应该读很多遍。
例题2 I have to meet a friend at the airport today. _____ I enough time now, I _____ to repair your computer.
A. Have,will help B. Had,would help
C. If had ;would help D. Had had ;would have helped
【解读】在非真实条件从句中if省略后，要把从句中的were, had, should提到主语前面形成特殊倒装。本句假设的情况与现在相反，故选B.
例题3 It is necessary that one _____ the text every day if he wants to lea
