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篇1:考研英语:8种信函写作要点大总结
考研英语:8种信函写作要点大总结
1.信的基本类型
英文书信主要分为两大类:私人信函和公务信函。私人信函是指与朋友、家人之间的往来书信,其内容比较自由,只需要包括以下几个部分即可:日期、称呼、正文、落款。公务信函类型多样,应用范围非常广泛,属正式文体,包括求职信、辞职信、拒聘信、询问信、复询信、留学和奖学金申请信、投诉信、答复赔偿信等。此类信件的共同特点是:1.内容明确,不可漫无目标;2.措辞诚恳,坦然,不能感情夸张;3.语言清晰、简洁、有礼。从形式上看应该侧重考查公务信函,因为只有此类信函才需用到书面语的正式语体。
2.各类信函的内容要点
以下主要针对公务信函,介绍几种常见信函的基本特点。对于其他不同功能的信件,考生可以根据本书的介绍做到举一反三。在备考阶段,考生应熟悉各类信函的书写模式及常用话语并加强练习。
(1)求职信(Letters of Applying for a Job)
通常包含三个部分:a)引言部分写明写信原因、具体谋求的职位、获得申请信息的来源(如:报纸广告、熟人介绍)等。b)发展部分叙述自己能够胜任该职位所具备的条件,包括教育背景、工作经历、社会实践等。这部分内容要具体,不要空洞游说或者列举,用事实说服会更有力。C)结尾部分再次表达对职位的渴望,争取面试机会。如请求及时回信、希望当面洽谈、提供进一步接触的联系方式或指出附件中有相关的证明文件等。
求职信的语言应严谨、规范、得体。其常用套语有:
引言:I am writing to apply for the post of... advertised in...
In answer to your advertisement in... for the post of... , I would like to apply for...
I have learned from... (sb) of your opening/vacancy for... (job), and am therefore writing to apply for the post.
发展:I am now a senior student in (Department) of (University), and I expect to graduate in (date) with a degree in (discipline).
I receive my (degree) in (subject) from (name of university) in (date).
Since graduation, I have been working with (name of company/organization) as (job title)
I was awarded the prize of (title) in (month/year) for (eg. good performance in etc.)
I am confident that my academic training has prepared me to handle the job.
结尾:Enclosed are testimonials from my university teacher and my present employer.
If these meet your requirements, please grant me an interview.
(2)辞职信(Letters of Resignation)
正式的辞职信应具备以下要素: a)受理者恰当的称呼; b)辞职决定及其理由(如:未受公司重用或尊重,健康、家庭或个人原因,另觅一份更适合自己的工作等); c)缓和气氛的语句,如对原单位所给予工作机会以及提供的工作经历表示感谢,对因自己辞职而给对方带来的不便表示歉意,表达对原单位的良好祝愿等等。
需要注意的'是:避免负面评论。不论什么原因,不要对你的公司政策、老板、管理人员、同事做任何负面评价。
常用套语如下:
称呼:Dear Mr. Smith
(5)投诉信
投投诉信是因为对服务、商品等不满而向诸如商店、厂家、消费者协会等相关负责机构写的信件。写此类信件时候,应注意写信的目的不仅仅是表示不满,更重要的是让对方了解并解决你所遇到的问题。因此投诉信的内容可包括:
1)反映问题。比如应具体说明什么质量问题,并提供确切的发票,问题的内容要明确而具体。
2)说明由此问题所带来的不便、比如时间或精神上的损失等,内容要实事求是。
3)提出解决方案,赔偿方法和方式等,所提出的要求要合理。
4)结尾既要提出希望,比如要求对方尽快解决问题,同时又要为对方做出的努力表示感谢,这样对方才可能以积极的态度处理并解决你的问题。
投诉信的语气要坚决,但注意礼貌用词,不宜过分尖锐,叙述问题时用过去时态。其常用套语有:
引言:I am returning... which I bought from your store in... (time).
I must complain about...
发展:This has put us to great inconvenience.
Therefore, I am returning... and would greatly appreciate if you could replace it.
结尾:We hope that you will understand our expectation of the compensation for our damaged goods.
I would be grateful if this matter would have your immediate attention.
Having been given your excellent reputation, I am sure you will do everything possible to...
(6)建议信
建议信是写信人希望对解决问题有所帮助而向相关部门或者个人写的信件,其主要目的是提出自己的意见,希望对方能够采纳并采取相应行动。为了达到交际目的,所提建议要合理、可行、容易让对方接受。除此之外还需要注意语气要和善,要与对方拉近距离而不可盛气凌人。
建议信的内容一般包括:1)提出亟待解决的问题;2) 分析造成问题的原因;3)提出解决办法。
常用套语有:
提出问题:It seems that … (not have desired effects, not have obtained the full attention; be not satisfactory/ perfect; have harmful/ deadly/ serious/negative effects)
I am …(deeply/ really/ seriously/ terribly/greatly) concerned / worried / sad / confused about…
分析原因:Currently, … especially … ;Therefore,… ;This leads to…; one of the factors is …;
It is understood that if…it will….
提出解决方法:In order to combat the growing problem of… , … should reduce/ increase/ ensure…; I think it would be more beneficial if you could….; I think it would be helpful to….
(7)道歉信
道歉信是写信人对未尽之事向收信人表示歉意。所有道歉信都需要注意的是:解释的理由要真实而详细,态度要诚恳、语言要诚挚,从而使收信人理解,并达到最终谅解。道歉信的内容可包括:1)表示歉意并说明道歉的事因;2)解释自己的难处或苦衷;3)请求原谅或提出补救的方法。
常用套语有:
表达歉意:There's no excuse for … I forgot to ….
I am indeed very sorry for …, but believe I had no intention to…
Here is my deepest apology for ...
Please forgive me for …
解释苦衷:The fact is that I had …/ Unfortunately I …/ I had a small accident …/ I have some urgent business to deal with My behavior yesterday was inexcusable, and I must tell you how …
请求原谅提出补救方法:I want you to know how badly feel about… and to assure you that it will not happen again.
I realize that particular… is irreplaceable, but I hope you will use the enclosed check to purchase a similar one.
I hope this situation can be mended to everyone's satisfaction.
I can only hope you will forgive … on my part.
(8)感谢信
感谢信的目的是感激对方为自己的付出,感激之情要传达得真挚自然,不要刻意夸大。感谢信所涉及的内容多种多样,比如可以感谢对方替自己做了一件事情,在自己痛苦时安慰了自己,出席了自己的宴会等等。其内容包括:1)表达感激之情2)回顾事情的经过 3)肯定对方帮助的价值以及对自己的影响,表达自己回报的愿望。
常用套语有:
篇2:考研英语写作之图画写作要点总结
考研英语写作之图画写作要点总结
纵观近几年考研 英语的写作试题,均为图画题型,且难度有增无减,成为很多同学比较头痛的部分,这里,考研英语辅导专家总结几大要点,帮助同学认真对待。
面对图画写作题型,考生应首先确定主题,然后再动笔。
1) 图画题型写作要点
① 考生应对图画进行全面而细致的研究,尤其注意图画中人或物(人与物)的体貌表情特征和背景,确定人物之间,人物与背景之间的主要关系,以便正确掌握图画所传达的信息。
② 如果图画以系列形式(即两幅以上)出现,考生除了掌握每一幅图画的信息,还应该对图画之间的相应联系有所理解,从而在整体上把握图画所传达的信息。
③ 面对图画题型,考生应该展开合理而丰富的联想,用生动而恰当的言辞抒发自己对图画的所思所想所感。
④ 注意图画题型中的文字提示。文字提示非常重要,文字提示通常十分清楚地提供一些写作要点。
⑤ 草拟提纲,合理组织材料。考生可以根据图画内容的不同采用不同的段落发展方式。如果画面内容是以描述为主,即按空间方位或时间先后顺序排列,在描述图画时,大家可以按照先写哪个部分,后写哪个部分的写作方式进行。如果画面内容是以解释说明为主,即不需要考生再将图画中所看到的人或事本身进行详细地描写,而是直接写出图画的`意义,那么写作时考生应该把图画所蕴涵的含义在首段告诉读者,当然也可以在首段书写图画内涵的社会背景,为下个段落的点题做好铺垫。
⑥ 系统且突出地展开段落。展开段落要根据画面内容进行,同时也要围绕每一段的主题句进行。
⑦ 检查与修改。考生应重点检查图画内容是否准确地被表达出来,题目所给提示是否完整地反映在文章之中。如果存在与画面不相符的内容,或未能完全涵盖题目所给提示,考生应对文章做出相应修订。
篇3:考研英语图画题型写作要点总结
纵观近几年考研 英语的写作试题,均为图画题型,且难度有增无减,成为很多同学比较头痛的部分,这里,考研英语辅导专家总结几大要点,帮助同学认真对待。
面对图画写作题型,考生应首先确定主题,然后再动笔。
篇4:考研英语写作模版及总结
考研英语写作模版及精华总结
一、文章结构用词表达
1.分点一:分层论证
Basic to any understanding of the benefits we can get from_______ is that__________/ First and foremost;
On one hand_________, On the other hand_________;
Besides/ What’s more/ In addition;
First of all/to begin with/above all;
In the second place/in the second instance;
Last but not least/in summary;
这一段主要说理,在分论点里可以加一些小的例子细节,重点是要用一些精华句子!
2.分点二:举例论证
Further lending credence to my position is that____________ (简单阐述/例子字不够就多讲点废话)
/I can think of no better illustration than the example of(典型例子)
/ A case in point is that(不是很典型)________,…..some expert pionts out that...
/take ... in instance...
/according to the investigation conducted this year indicates that.../(推荐,为神马,因为句子长,废话多… …)
some statistics expose that...
一句话总结例子:As a result,强调句/倒装句/表利弊的句型/反面论证如果没有会怎样。
3.让步段:
Agree or disagree: Admittedly,_____,to some extent, may directly or indirectly ____ /has its undeniable detriments.
For instance, _______
However, the valuable merits of_______ considerably overshadow the drawbacks/ on no account________./
(经典正反对比结构)
二选一:Admittedly, BB also has certain merits which deserve some words here. For example, ____(字数不够就多讲点)
However,BB 的缺点或AA也可以做到. Compared with AA, (which 可以总结所有优点或针对BB的'一方面, )it pales.
4.结尾段:
Therefore, due to the above mentioned reasons, which sometimes correlate with each other to form an organic whole and thus become more persuasive than any single one of them(字不够了用), I reinforce my stand point that.
5.改写题目
Only via(by/through /with/when/after) ___can we__________;
only via(by/through /with/when/after) ___can we________;
and only via(by/through /with/when/after)___can we_______
Or
It is A that...;it is A that...;and it is A that...(不好写或显得累赘就不要了)
二、语言结构用词表达
1.基本句型
A.因果
On account of/owing to/due to+ N
For the reason that/as/since+句子
It is due to____that
eg:It is due to his persistence and perseverance that he eventually reached his acme.(强调句)
derive/arise/stem from来源于
eg:His success derives from his persistence and perseverance.
ascribe A to B 归结于
eg: His success can be ascribed/attributed to his persistence and perseverance
B.条件
A serves as a catalyst for B(our further success)
If/on condition that/provided that/as long as________
C.让步
Despite the fact that/regardless of
2.经典句型
A.倒装
Only via(by/through /with/when/after) __do/did/can we__
eg: Only after going to the beach of Hawaii will I know aboutAmerican typical type of spending leisure time.
Hardly/Seldom/Scarcely can__
eg: Hardly can we imagine a world/our life without/devoid of
So +adj+主谓倒装+that__
Not only 主谓倒装 but also...
eg: Not only should education prepare children to compete
Not only do people care their economic needs,they but also want to meet their spiritual needs.
On no account 主谓倒装(决不....)
.
B.强调
It is/was....that/who(m)....
限定性副词probably/directly or indirectly/to some(a large) extent
3.经典中的经典
A.排比
1)It is tourism that gives me the opportunity to know the culture of this dynamic, robust and alive country.
2)It is computers that make our life diverse,convenient,dynamic/ vibrant, without which our life would probably pale.
3)A/which needs to be/In this way, A can be readily accepted, respected,appreciated and advocated.
4)Only via university education can we have systematic knowledge concerning arts and science.
Only via university education can we know the essence of symbiosis and collaboration.
And Only via university education can we meet the demands of society and make our future success inevitable.
三、作文中的部分新颖表达及部分垃圾词汇的替代
作文中想要拿到高分,就必须有一些与众不同的词汇或表达方式,笔者在这里所说的“垃圾词汇”并没有贬低这些表达的意思,大家可以想象一个阅卷老师在阅几千份试卷的过程中就看到几千次相同表达,分数可想而知,所以如何取舍你懂的。
A、认为(尽量避免的表达,以下例句同,不再重复说明:I think/I believe/As far as I am concerned)
1.别人认为:assume, argue, contend, maitain, hold the perspective that…
2.我认为: I am inclined to the view that…(开头引入自己观点)
convinced that…
I aware that… (比较弱)
I cling to a belief that…
B、不同人有不同看法(Different people have different opinions)
People’s perspective diverge on this controversial issue.
There is no consensus among people concerning this controversial issue.
C、举例(for example/for instance/let me give you an example)
1.A fitting/ telling/ apt/ striking example is that…
2.A case in point is that…(口语常用)
3.Further lending credence to my position is the example of …(***倒装)
4.This can be aptly/ well exemplified and illustrated by the case of+n.
the fact that + 句子
the following case
篇5:六级英语信函写作
六级英语信函写作模板
DIY,是“Do It Yourself”缩写而成的,意思是借用一些素材,自己动手做,发挥你的想象力,让你手中的东西展现出你自己的个性。
DIY式写作,简单来说,就是用“DIY百宝箱”的东西,自己动手“组装”一篇英语四六级优秀作文来。DIY式写作将帮助你用一套模板,外加90%简单词汇和10%“闪光词汇”,在极短时间里完成一个结构清晰的高分作文。
通过分析历年作文真题可以发现,英语四六级作文的考试题型大概可以分为这5个方面:A、阐述主题题型、B、正反观点题型、C、英文信函题型、D、记叙文题型、E、图表题型。为帮助大家更好应对6月17日四六级作文,现给你们提供以上5种题型DIY写作模板!本期为大家提供“英文信函题型”DIY写作模板!
第一部分、四六级作文:英文信函题型作文DIY写作步骤
要求考生根据提纲写一封英文书信,如12月六级作文、201月四六级作文、6月四六级作文、201月四级作文。对这类题型,通常分为5个步骤来写:
第一段、文章开头:称呼
第二段、寒暄语句,引出写信的目的:
寒暄句+主题句(注:寒暄句和主题句可以是同一个句子)
第三段、根据提纲扩展主体段落:
主题句+扩展句1+扩展句2+扩展句3
第四段、表明自己的`观点,并结束书信主体段落
在最后要他谈自己的看法
第五段、寒暄句+落款
第二部分、英文信函题型作文DIY写作范文练习
[实战演练]
Directions:For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topicA Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service Campus. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline below:
假如你是李明,请你就本学校食堂的状况给校长写一封信,内容应包括:食堂的饭菜质量、价格、环境、服务等,可以是表扬,也可以是批评建议,也可以都有。
[DIY写作模板:架构阶段]
第一段:称呼
Dear Mr. President,
第二段:引出写信的目的
主题句: This letter comes to you from ____.
扩展句: In it, some opinions are put forward for you to reflect upon.
第三段:对学校食堂正面的看法
主题句:As you know, _____ . But unfortunately, ______.
扩展句:1、___. (举例)As a result, _____.
2、Besides, ______.
3、And what's more,_____.
第四段:对学校食堂负面的看法
主题句:Some people may argue that ____.
扩展句:1、For instance, ____ and ____.
2、But in my opinon, ______.
第五段:结尾,表明自己看法
结尾句:To be belief, though a bit dissatisfied with _____.
扩展句:I do believe that, with the efforts of all people concerned, we can solved the problems there. Thanks. Li Ming
[DIY写作模板:填充阶段]
第一段:称呼
Dear Mr. President,
第二段:引出写信的目的
主题句: This letter comes to you from one of your students.
扩展句: In it, some opinions are put forward for you to reflect upon.
第三段:对学校食堂的看法

篇6:考研英语写作 图画作文写作要点
考研英语写作 图画作文写作要点
考研大作文近十来年考查的都是图画作文,与考试大纲规定的提纲式作文、图表作文和情景作文比较而言,其重要性和可考性是不言而喻的。现笔者就考研大作文中的图画作文给大家介绍几个注意事项。
图画题型写作要点① 考生应对图画进行全面而细致的研究,尤其注意图画中人或物(人与物)的体貌表情特征和背景,确定人物之间,人物与背景之间的主要关系,以便正确掌握图画所传达的信息。
② 如果图画以系列形式(即两幅以上)出现,考生除了掌握每一幅图画的信息,还应该对图画之间的相应联系有所理解,从而在整体上把握图画所传达的信息。
③ 面对图画题型,考生应该展开合理而丰富的联想,用生动而恰当的言辞抒发自己对图画的所思所想所感。
④ 注意图画题型中的文字提示。文字提示非常重要,文字提示通常十分清楚地提供一些写作要点。
⑤ 草拟提纲,合理组织材料。考生可以根据图画内容的不同采用不同的`段落发展方式。如果画面内容是以描述为主,即按空间方位或时间先后顺序排列,在描述图画时,大家可以按照先写哪个部分,后写哪个部分的写作方式进行。如果画面内容是以解释说明为主,即不需要考生再将图画中所看到的人或事本身进行详细地描写,而是直接写出图画的意义,那么写作时考生应该把图画所蕴涵的含义在首段告诉读者,当然也可以在首段书写图画内涵的社会背景,为下个段落的点题做好铺垫。
⑥ 系统且突出地展开段落。展开段落要根据画面内容进行,同时也要围绕每一段的主题句进行。
⑦ 检查与修改。考生应重点检查图画内容是否准确地被表达出来,题目所给提示是否完整地反映在文章之中。如果存在与画面不相符的内容,或未能完全涵盖题目所给提示,考生应对文章做出相应修订。
画图作文看起来很难,但究其实际,与命题作文没有多大区别,同学们只要放平心态,认真备考,就都能够取得不错的成绩。预祝2014考生们大家早日攻克写作难关。
篇7:考研英语:应用文写作三大要点
考研英语:应用文写作三大要点
应用文在于考查学生进行一般应用文写作的能力。考查应用文写作之邀请信。邀请信是为了增进友谊,发展业务,邀请客人参加庆典、会议及各种活动的信函。20考查邀请你的外教来当即将来临的英语比赛的评委,结合这一真题的组织写作思路,大家该哪几方面着手?老师认为,格式、语域以及内容要点是必不可少的三方面。
1. 注意格式
英文书信的格式与中文书信的格式不同。英文书信的称呼、落款的位置和方式都有约定俗成的模式,考生应能掌握基本的书信格式。邀请信要注意:1、称谓;2、开头:向被邀请人简单问候;5、联系人、电话、地址、落款、日期。
2. 语域
考生应根据写信的对象来选择语域。给私人朋友写的`信应该是非正式,而求职信、商务信就应该是正式的,礼貌的。就本次考查的邀请信而言,邀请对方参加的活动的内容、时间和地点;与该活动有关的注意事项;期待对方接受邀请,并可表示感谢。注意:语言上写给朋友,可选用活泼、真诚的言辞;写给长辈、上级、名人等,语言则应正式、礼貌。
3. 内容要点
应用文的用途就是用简明的语言来传达信息。题目一般都会给出较详细的背景。考生应严格按照要求把规定的内容要点都包含在自己的作文中。但请考生注意,写作时不能直接抄袭题目的词句。邀请信要交代时间、地点和活动内容、邀请原因,参加活动的细节安排。
篇8:考研英语复习方法和要点总结
考研英语复习方法和要点总结
众所周知,考研各门课程中复习难度最大的是英语,从语言层次上可以把它定位为四六级难度之上的八级。考试大纲要求考生具备深厚的英语语言实力,能灵活进行听读写译的高端训练。复习中需要全方位把握英语知识的高难表达,体会用英语思维表达出的时文、学科语言。复习过程持续半年到一年,需要大幅度拓展自己的英语语言表达应用能力。针对考生普遍关注的英语复习,在此给大家一些复习方面的建议。1.熟悉考试大纲和大纲样题
考试大纲是英语方面的指导总则,关于听读写译各方面能力、各种题型考法有着明确的阐释说明。如:03、04年新大纲增加了考生在写作中要会写应用文的要求。对于考试全过程、试卷题型分布也进行了说明。考试大纲中提出的样题展示了出题的形式和难度,考生通过大纲样题明显体会到命题思路和重点,如听力对数字和信息捕捉的要求、阅读对时文和经济类文章的强调、完形对大批单词意义区分以及词组搭配的'要求、写作中图画式作文的基本出题模式和提纲要求。研究了大纲样题,等于对考研英语试题有了最直观的了解和感受。
2.注意强化词汇及语法基础
考研英语是在语言实力上的比拼。词汇和语法上如果漏洞百出必然影响考试得分,而一分之差往往又使成千上万的考生名落孙山。因此复习中词汇和语法要进行专门的强化和突破。大纲要求了5300个考研基本词汇,考生要把它们看作基本常识熟背熟记。除了考试大纲外,所选择的考研词汇书最好有单词的搭配和例句,在记单词的同时把词组和用法同时掌握。特别注意单词的最后两三种含义,很有可能成为我们阅读中的最大障碍。记单词的过程最好分三个阶段:1)快速强化阶段:粗略把握单词拼写、读音及大意。2)深入了解阶段:第二遍要严格掌握单词的多重语义及在例句中的用法。3)巩固提高阶段:在六级考试的难词辨析和考研历年真题的阅读完形题目中重复词汇、巩固记忆,通过上下文的提示对词汇进行适当推理,加强对单词意义和用法的掌握。
关于语法,可以寻找一本最薄、最简单的语法指导材料,用两周的时间系统精读一遍。不要放过例句,要把语法现象和例句充分结合在一起加以阅读领会。考研英语语法的重点不是虚拟语气,而是复合句中的从句知识。阅读、完形、翻译中都会出现较多的长难句需要考生分析解剖。语法中的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、定语从句、状语从句(9类)以及各种插入语经常使得句子纷繁复杂。因此在大量接触真题前有必要对语法知识进行透彻的复习,掌握了这些语法工具,我们就可以在复杂的真题语言中解剖拆分,处理好每一个长难句。
3.阅读复习以历年真题为核心,反复研习
阅读占考试的40分,决定了英语的成败,也是复习中关键的关键。最好的复习材料就是历年全真考题,这些题目最能反应大纲要求和命题思路。反复研习历年真题,就能发现文章涉及到大量社科尤其是经济类文章。对于每篇文章的主题思想、篇章结构要有所把握;对于主旨题、态度题、细节题要能进行清楚透彻的分析。除了把解题思路推理清楚以外,复习中要提高要求,最好能试着把文章进行口头或书面翻译。这样以来,既加深了对语言和信息的准确把握,又能同时磨练自己的语法、词汇和翻译能力。这个工作艰难而漫长,但确实能给阅读实力带来飞跃。当把阅读篇章已经复习得滚瓜烂熟时,适当读一些与考研难度相当的西文报刊,如“Time”,“BusinessWeek”和“Fortune”,进一步拓展词汇和知识面。阅读中所谓的3%超纲词也就不那么可怕了。
4.听力训练要以精听为主、坚持不懈
很多考生在听力方面准备不足,即使背了词汇还是反应不过来,这就反映出我们忽视了磁带的利用率。在有一定词汇语法知识的基础上,尽量让自己浸泡在语言的氛围中,每天要坚持练习听力,每次半个小时到一个小时。一旦有半个月中断练习就会感觉反应迟钝。听力训练以大纲样题、02和考题为主,尽量适应英音美音和每分钟150-180词的语速,并且对表格填空、补全句子和段落选择三种题型全方位把握。为了保证听力的质量,可以多进行听写练习。把文章化整为零,听一句写一句,最后检查核对,就会从微观上把握具体的知识点,如:单词拼写、重音、连读、失去爆破、辅音浊化、双元音口型、英音美音区别等。由于听力的真题数量不多,可以用《英语中级听力》和《新概念英语》第三册作为补充材料。
5.翻译中掌握四步定位法
英译汉需要扎实的双语功底和高超的语法词汇能力。面对试题中的5个下划线长句要采取合理的解题步骤--四步定位法。1)结构分析:运用从句知识识别句子中出现的定语从句、状语从句、同位语从句、插入语及平行结构等。2)句子切分:把长句拆分成若干个部分,逐个理解体会。3)词义推敲:对于一词多义和代词指代要放到上下文的环境里仔细推敲。4)检查核对:当把各个部分的语义合并到一起后,认真审核汉语的准确度、流畅度和优美度。
翻译的补充材料可以选择《英语世界》杂志,对照专家的译本,反复揣摩汉英两种语言的对称性和翻译技法。
6.写作要以不变应万变,之后在规律中追求变化
写作复习可以针对不同题型分别加以训练。图画作文要描述图画并且点破寓意,图表作文要掌握基本图表用语应对数据变化,事务信函讲究语言正式并且词汇多变。不管何种方式,语言表达永远是第一位,对语言要有强烈的包装意识。练习时就要确定一些精彩的范文作参照物,分别进行精读、背诵、默写、互译和模仿训练,不仅可以提高自己的语言表达精确性,而且可以从范文中提炼出优美的议论文句型框架。议论文的语言精华在于标准句型的发挥。我们先学会把有限的句型框架学以致用,在多篇文章中设置闪光点。当用熟之后,要在用词、术语、句型、框架等方面寻找新的替代方式,在众多的写作范文中进行语言冲浪,广泛接触了解写作的精彩表达,继续模仿训练,持之以恒,终能写出一样用词精彩、表达丰富的考研议论文。
英语水平的提高并非一日之工,复习中不能追求速成和捷径,但也要讲究重点和方法。考研名师团队在此祝考研学子们在一年的奋斗中学有所成、坚持不懈、实现梦想!
篇9:考研英语作文写作总结
考研英语作文写作万能模板总结
短文万能模板
在“经典短文背诵”部分中,我们根据短文的内容将其分为10大类。其实从文章功能来看,我们可把这10大类文章归为三种类型:解决问题、论证观点、阐述现象。其中第一类具有解决问题功能的短文包括了:1、身体健康类;2、职业道德类;3、人口增长类;4、环境保护类。第二类具有论证观点功能的短文包括了:5、情感类;8、人生价值类。第三类具有阐述现象功能的短文包括了:6、文化交流类;7、教育类;9、家庭关系类;10、社会热点类。需要说明的是,以上分类并不是具有绝对意义的,譬如一些身体健康类的话题也可能适合以论证观点的短文模板来套用。我们这里所说的是指大致的分类和适用范围。
除了以上三项功能,我们还将在本部分的最后列出两个具有对比论证功能的模板。虽然自从 年以来的历年短文题目中没有出现要求进行对比论证的`话题,但是考生仍然应该有所准备,因为对比论证是英文写作的一种重要写作手法,需要引起一定的重视。
Ø 功能I:解决问题
这种类型的文章主要针对一些实际的问题分析其原因和后果,最后提出解决的措施。一般情况下三段的分布为:第一段描述图画内容,第二段分析问题所在,第三段提出解决方案。
1、身体健康类
模板1:
The picture . What is strikingly noticeable is , but it can be easily explained by shown in the picture.
The discernable unhealthiness discloses a prevalent phenomenon that has long existed in the China’s . One the one hand, . On the other hand, . As a result, the integration of poor living conditions and work pressure leads naturally to their poor health and short life-span, just as the picture tells us.
The situation is rather depressing because , and it is largely owing to . To solve the problem, I think there should be a thriving social trend , and those who should be rewarded with good living and working conditions.
模板2:
In the picture, we are amazed to find that . It clearly tells us that in the domain of , there are .
has long been a problem since , and are turning to be an increasingly severe problem because of . Besides, there are more reasons responsible for this issue. Firstly, . Secondly, . Thirdly, .
Judging from the analysis above, we may safely come to the conclusion that the daunting problem demands effective counter-measures. Most importantly, the government needs to implement sufficiently relevant laws and regulations in order to enhance the strength of . In addition, all residents should be aware of .
2、职业道德类
模板1:
We can see from the picture that , but .
If , he would surely express . There are three reasons to explain why it happens to . Firstly, , which resulted from . Secondly, though , . Consequently, . Thirdly, .
I maintain that effective measures should be taken to put an end to this phenomenon. Firstly, we need to endeavor to advocate . Secondly, strict regulations should be enacted and enforced to create a harmonious and orderly society. Only through the combined efforts can we eliminate this “tumor” forcefully and completely.
模板2:
As is shown in the cartoon, . Take in the cartoon for example .
This phenomenon appears commonly in our daily life. Nowadays, . Instead, they only try their best to Such deeds not only , but also .
Therefore, it is of great significance to take actions to change this phenomenon. First and foremost, . In addition, . All these steps can help guarantee a solid economic order and a harmonious society.
3、人口增长类
模板1:
The picture depicts a scene in which . The scene is presented in an artistic and ironic manner. Crowds of people are crammed in . Further examination reveals that .
Apparently, the picture symbolizes that humans, with such a huge population, may one day suffer from the exhaustion of earth resources. Take for example. Given the fact that , we find that . To make it worse, .
If the conflict between population boom and shortage of resources is not properly controlled, we have every reason to hold a pessimistic perspective towards human’s future on Earth. Perhaps eventually we would face the situation suggested by the picture, that is, . Accordingly, I strongly recommend that the whole globe launch aggressive programs to address this fatal contradiction.
模板2:
Basically, what we see in this cartoon is . The interestingly echos the . while we can imagine .
We can deduce from this picture that the artist is trying to attract our attention to the present exploding world population. The striking point is that . As a result, . On the contrary, .
The simple picture is a wake-up call for the whole of human race. . Hence, mankind should cooperate worldwide to control population by effective measures, in order to secure the prosperity of our future on this planet.
篇10:考研英语:写作常用句总结
进入五月份,同学们已经陆续进行了各科的复习。在作文方面,通过认真阅读相关的范文,很多同学更真切地体会到了考研英语写作的要点,一方面对于写作如何掌握要点方面充满渴求,另一方面在具体学习过程中存在一些困难,尚待解决。下面结合考研英语学习的阶段性任务,如何进行考研英语写作列出,如下例句供大家参考。 一、表达个人观点 1. As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent. 2. As far as I am concerned, I am really/completely in favor of the test/policy. 3. In conclusion/a word, I believe that…. 4. There is some truth in both arguments, but I think the disadvantages of… outweigh its advantages. 5. In my opinion/view, we should…. 6. As for me, I…. 7. As I see it, …. 8. From my point of view, …. 9. Personally, I think…. 10. My view is that…. 11. I think/consider…. 12. I take/hold a negative/positive view of…. 二、常用过渡词和句型 过渡词在文章中发挥着连接上下文的作用,学会恰当地运用过渡词会使文章连贯、流畅。 1.常用于文章开始的过渡词语和句子 (1)To begin with首先 例:To begin with, smoking should be banned in public areas.“首先,公共场所禁止吸烟。” (2)Generally speaking一般地说,总体上说 例:Generally speaking, it is the best policy to spend more money on libraries.“总的说来,加大图书馆的投资是良策。” (3)First of all第一,首先 例:First of all, many people in remote areas still live in poverty.“第一,居住在边远地区的许多人仍生活在贫困之中。” (4)With (the development/progress/growth) of(economy/society)...随着(经济、社会)的(发展、进步、增长)... 例:With the development of society, women’s role has become more important than ever before in daily life.“随着社会的发展,妇女在社会生活中比以往发挥着更加重要的作用。” (5)Recently近来 例:Recently,the problem (conflict, production) of grain shortage has become the world focus.“近来粮食短缺问题已成为全球关注的焦点。” 2.常用于文章结尾的过渡词和句子 (1)In conclusion最后,在结束时 例:In conclusion, the international agreement should be made to prevent the world from war.“最后,应达成国际协定使世界避免战争。” (2)In brief简言之 例:In brief, family planning is of vital importance in China.“简言之,计划生育对中国具有重要意义。” (3)In a word总之 例:In a word, without mutual understanding, true friendship does not exist.“总之,没有相互理解,真正的友谊是不存在的。” (4)It is high time that...到...时候了 例:It is high time that the issue were to be solved so as to promote the economic development.“为了促进经济发展到该解决问题的时候了。” (5)It is only when...that...只有当...才... 例:It is only when people become the masters of the country that science can serve the people.“只有当人民成为国家的主人,科学才能为人民服务。”
篇11:考研英语写作模版及表达方式总结
考研英语写作模版及表达方式精华总结
一、文章结构用词表达
1.分点一:分层论证
Basic to any understanding of the benefits we can get from_______ is that__________/ First and foremost;
On one hand_________, On the other hand_________;
Besides/ What’s more/ In addition;
First of all/to begin with/above all;
In the second place/in the second instance;
Last but not least/in summary;
这一段主要说理,在分论点里可以加一些小的'例子细节,重点是要用一些精华句子!
2.分点二:举例论证
Further lending credence to my position is that____________ (简单阐述/例子字不够就多讲点废话)
/I can think of no better illustration than the example of(典型例子)
/ A case in point is that(不是很典型)________,…..some expert pionts out that...
/take ... in instance...
/according to the investigation conducted this year indicates that.../(推荐,为神马,因为句子长,废话多… …)
some statistics expose that...
一句话总结例子:As a result,强调句/倒装句/表利弊的句型/反面论证如果没有会怎样。
3.让步段:
Agree or disagree: Admittedly,_____,to some extent, may directly or indirectly ____ /has its undeniable detriments.
For instance, _______
However, the valuable merits of_______ considerably overshadow the drawbacks/ on no account________./
(经典正反对比结构)
二选一:Admittedly, BB also has certain merits which deserve some words here. For example, ____(字数不够就多讲点)
However,BB 的缺点或AA也可以做到. Compared with AA, (which 可以总结所有优点或针对BB的一方面, )it pales.
4.结尾段:
Therefore, due to the above mentioned reasons, which sometimes correlate with each other to form an organic whole and thus become more persuasive than any single one of them(字不够了用), I reinforce my stand point that.
5.改写题目
Only via(by/through /with/when/after) ___can we__________;
only via(by/through /with/when/after) ___can we________;
and only via(by/through /with/when/after)___can we_______
Or
It is A that...;it is A that...;and it is A that...(不好写或显得累赘就不要了)
。篇12:考研英语写作常用俗语总结
考研英语写作常用俗语总结
基础阶段,无论你是刚刚起步,还是想在以往的复习程度上锦上添花,都没关系。我们在此为大家准备了“2013考研英语考前必背:英语写作常用俗语”这道药方来增强朋友们的英语功力。
1.Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。
2.God helps those who help themselves. 天助自助者。
3.Easier said than done. 说起来容易做起来难。
4.Where there is a will,there is a way. 有志者事竟成。
5.One false step will make a great difference. 失之毫厘,谬之千里。
6.Slow and steady wins the race. 稳扎稳打无往而不胜。
7.A fall into the pit,a gain in your wit. 吃一堑,长一智。
8.Experience is the mother of wisdom. 实践出真知。
9.All work and no play makes jack a dull boy. 只工作不休息,聪明孩子也变傻。
10.Beauty without virtue is a rose without fragrance. 无德之美犹如没有香味的玫瑰,徒有其表。
11.More hasty,less speed. 欲速则不达。
12.It’s never too old to learn. 活到老,学到老。
13.All that glitters is not gold. 闪光的未必都是金子。
14.A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.千里之行始于足下。
15.Look before you leap. 三思而后行。
16.Rome was not built in a day. 伟业非一日之功。
17.Great minds think alike. 英雄所见略同。
18.well begun,half done. 好的'开始等于成功的一半。
19.It is hard to please all. 众口难调。
20.Out of sight,out of mind. 眼不见,心不念。
21.Facts speak plainer than words. 事实胜于雄辩。
22.Call back white and white back. 颠倒黑白。
23.First things first. 凡事有轻重缓急。
24.Ill news travels fast. 坏事传千里。
25.A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情。
26.live not to eat,but eat to live. 活着不是为了吃饭,吃饭为了活着。
27.Action speaks louder than words. 行动胜过语言。
28.East or west,home is the best. 金窝银窝不如自家草窝。
29.It’s not the gay coat that makes the gentleman. 君子在德不在衣。
30.Beauty will buy no beef. 漂亮不能当饭吃。
31.Like and like make good friends. 趣味相投。
32.The older, the wiser. 姜是老的辣。
33.Do as Romans do in Rome. 入乡随俗。
34.An idle youth,a needy age. 少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲。
35.AS the tree,so the fruit. 种瓜得瓜,种豆得豆。
36.To live is to learn,to learn is to better live. 活着为了学习,学习为了更好的活着。
大学网考研频道。篇13:考研英语写作话题总结
考研英语写作热门话题总结
一、大作文的考研英语写作在整体上保持一个大方向:突显和谐社会,反应热点话题。这两者都不会以很直观地方式呈现出来,而是将其融入具体的话题,考生需能总结出图画的核心思想与出题者的意图,准确把握答题方向与规律。
这里我们将近年的热门话题按照话题的大类别与可延伸的写作思路进行了系统的总结,旨在给大家提供写作复习的整体思路,而不是单一地预测猜题,希望大家能从这些话题与思路中得出一些规律与写作技巧,以便在考场上做到心中有数,灵活发挥。
由于环境保护话题(“旅程之余”)与文化交流话题(“文化火锅”)是近年考查过的话题,所以这里不作详细归类介绍。
话题类型热门话题引申观点民生类食品中毒,偷工减料,有害添加物,黑作坊责任,职业道德车祸,酒驾以及新的严格处罚规定遵守法规制度,家庭与社会责任,珍爱生命科技与生活,智能手机,微博,聊天工具辩证分析事物山寨文化责任,质量,创新意外灾难与八方救援人性,爱心,基础设施建设交通堵塞,私家车增多科学管理与规划,低碳环保行贿受贿,豆腐渣工程,城市意外事故,责任推卸责任,职业道德,人性化,事后思考总结教育类学生负担重,乱收费,管理混乱科学管理,以人为本,责任校车问题,教师虐待低龄学生责任,职业道德大学生就业心态与能力大学生逃课,作弊,买答案投机心理,勤奋努力,老实做人,踏实做事环保类低碳,节约资源,绿色健康的生活习惯可持续发展哲学类小草精神,水滴石穿坚毅,顽强
二、小作文:
小作文的复习思路还是以常考书信类型为主,在内容上不会有太大的突破,首先对基本格式要有清楚的.认识,其次就是不同话题的语言表达积累。大家可以对考研英语写作书《写作160篇》中列举的书信写作进行练习,只要做到每个类型都亲自动笔写过,书信类写作就能基本完成考试任务。
除了书信类写作,告示类主要把握格式即可。
摘要写作也许需要进行一到两篇的练习,能把握住基本的答题方法即可。答题时要遵循以下两个步骤:一,从汉语论文中摘取文章中心与写作提纲;二,将中文提纲转化为英文内容,注意语言措词要正式,句间与段间内容要连贯,形成一篇完整系统,高度概括的论述。
篇14:考研英语 写作常用句式总结
考研英语 写作常用句式总结
一、表达个人观点
1. As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent.
2. As far as I am concerned, I am really/completely in favor of the test/policy.
3. In conclusion/a word, I believe that….
4. There is some truth in both arguments, but I think the disadvantages of… outweigh its advantages.
5. In my opinion/view, we should….
6. As for me, I….
7. As I see it, ….
8. From my point of view, ….
9. Personally, I think….
10. My view is that….
11. I think/consider….
12. I take/hold a negative/positive view of….
二、常用过渡词和句型
过渡词在文章中发挥着连接上下文的作用,学会恰当地运用过渡词会使文章连贯、流畅。
1.常用于文章开始的过渡词语和句子
(1)To begin with首先
例:To begin with, smoking should be banned in public areas.“首先,公共场所禁止吸烟。”
(2)Generally speaking一般地说,总体上说
例:Generally speaking, it is the best policy to spend more money on libraries.“总的说来,加大图书馆的投资是良策。”
(3)First of all第一,首先
例:First of all, many people in remote areas still live in poverty.“第一,居住在边远地区的许多人仍生活在贫困之中。”
(4)With (the development/progress/growth)
of(economy/society)...随着(经济、社会)的(发展、进步、增长)...
例:With the development of society, women’s role has become more important than ever before in daily life.“随着社会的发展,妇女在社会生活中比以往发挥着更加重要的作用。”
(5)Recently近来
例:Recently,the problem (conflict, production) of grain shortage has become the world focus.“近来粮食短缺问题已成为全球关注的焦点。”
2.常用于文章结尾的过渡词和句子
(1)In conclusion最后,在结束时
例:In conclusion, the international agreement should be made to prevent the world from war.“最后,应达成国际协定使世界避免战争。”
(2)In brief简言之
例:In brief, family planning is of vital importance in China.“简言之,计划生育对中国具有重要意义。”
(3)In a word总之
例:In a word, without mutual understanding, true friendship does not exist.“总之,没有相互理解,真正的友谊是不存在的。”
(4)It is high time that...到...时候了
例:It is high time that the issue were to be solved so as to promote the economic development.“为了促进经济发展到该解决问题的时候了。”
(5)It is only when...that...只有当...才...
例:It is only when people become the masters of the country that science can serve the people.“只有当人民成为国家的主人,科学才能为人民服务。”
3.常用于表示先后次序的过渡词语及句子
(1)first, second, third...第一,第二,第三
例:First, she had studied chemistry during her sophomore and junior years. Second, she never missed a class. Third, she performed every required experiment in all her chemistry courses. Fourth, she always worked hard. Her classmates were sure that she would win top award in Chemistry during her senior year at the university.“首先,她在一二年级时就选修了化学课程。其次,她从不误课。再有,她认真完成每一次化学试验。还有,她学习非常刻苦。因而同学们确信她在高年级时会获得学校化学大奖。”
(2)To begin with...,moreover...,finally...,首先...,此外...,最后...
例:There are a few reasons for his decision of studying law. To begin with, he is very interested in social affairs and it seems the best way to enable him to engage in these activities. Moreover, his father is a lawyer. He has always encouraged him to do something similar. Finally, he is sure he can get a job after graduation.“他决定学法律有几方面的原因:首先,他对社会事物感兴趣,学习法律有助于他参与这些活动。此外,他父亲是个律师,一直鼓励他从事同样的职业。最后,他确信毕业后能找到工作。”
(3)Meanwhile同时
例:Meanwhile, the better skills and knowledge children possess, the more opportunities they will be ensured.“
同时,孩子们的技艺与知识掌握得越好,今后的机会就越多。”
(4)since then自此之后
例:Since then, the Olympics turned out to be an instrument of peace and freedom for small nations.“自此之后,奥林匹克运动成为小国争取和平和自由的工具。”
(5)Therefore因而
例:Therefore, if this is included in good education that parents are seeking now, their children will be definitely ensured a bright future.“因而,如果父母们在其为孩子们寻求的良好教育中加入这一点,他们的子女肯定会有一个光辉灿烂的未来。”
4.常用于表示因果关系及分析原因的过渡词语与句子
(1)As a result由于...结果
例:Her performance in college was excellent. As a result, she has got a satisfactory job.“由于她在大学成绩优异,她找到一份令人满意的工作。”
(2)Due to由于
例:My trip to Guang Zhou and Shen Zhen has to be cancelled due to the financial problem.“由于财务问题,我去广州和深圳的旅行取消了。”
(3)consequently结果,因此
例:The government was unwilling to risk a conflict with that neighboring country, and consequently, promised to sign the treaty.“该国政府不愿冒险与邻国发生冲突,因此答应签署条约。”
(4)One may criticize......for......,but the real cause of...lies deeper人们可以因为...批评...,但是...的真正原因在更深层次
例:One may criticize the school authorities for the fire accident, but the real reason of the accident lies deeper.“人们可以就火灾事故批评校领导,但事故还有更深的原因。”
(5)Among...reasons, one should be emphasized that...在众多的.原因中,其中一点给予强调...
例:Among the most important reasons, one reason should be emphasized that large pieces of cultivated land have been occupied, which results in the grain shortage.“在许多重要的原因中,其中一点应强调的是造成粮食减产是因为大量的可耕地被占用。”
5.常用于比较和对比的过渡词
(1)unlike...与...不同
例:Unlike oral English, written English is comparatively formal.“与口头英语不同,笔头英语比较正规。”
(2)In contrast...与之相比
例:In contrast with Tom, Mario seldom studies harder.“与汤姆比,玛里奥很少努力学习。”
(3)On the other hand...另一方面
例:The life expectancy in developing countries has increased during the past thirty years. On the other hand, the infant mortality has decreased from twenty percent to ten percent in the same period.“发展中国家的期望寿命在过去的30年间都增长了。另一方面婴儿死亡率同期由20%下降到10%。”
(4)Likewise同样
例:Plenty of food must be packed for the journey;likewise, warm clothes will also be needed.“要带上旅行中吃的食品,同样也需要带上御寒保暖的衣服。”
(5)similarly同样
例:If only one can make his audience understood, it seems insignificant if one makes some mistakes in his oral English; similarly, as to the audience, they are only interested in grasping the meaning, not actually mind or even hardly notice the speakers mistakes."只要能使听众听明白,在口头英语中出一些错误是无关紧要的,同样作为听众也只对讲话者
篇15:考研英语作文写作的四大要点
考研英语作文写作的四大要点
一、用词准确,语法正确
首先,考试时考生要特别注意语法,语气,标点符号等,为了避免太多单词拼写错误,语法错误,不要为了追求词语的华丽而堆积一些自己也没把握的单词,不要刻意追求长句而写一些自己不知对错的有多个从句组成的'长句。考试时最好选择自己最有把握的词汇,短语,句式。1.词汇:包括连接上下句或段落的关联词,习惯用语,固定搭配,词类混淆,误用及物不及物动词等。2.、语法:包括时态是否一致,主谓是否一致,名词单复数是否对应,被动主动语态是否错用等。3.拼写和标点符号。
二、要统一,连贯
选择那些最能体现中心思想最具代表性的材料,这些材料要共同表达一致的信息。辅导老师要求考生选材时切忌胡子眉毛一把抓。词语堆积,不伦不类。前后及段落之间在逻辑关系上要紧密衔接,不能把没有任何逻辑关系的词放在一起。可以用恰当的关联词把思想连贯的表达出来。
三、足够字数,卷面整洁
绝对不能字数不够,即使一句话颠来倒去说也要凑够字数。字数不够,即使写的非常精彩,也不能拿高分。
四、修改
英语写作时考生由于仓促,紧张等原因,很容易犯一些简单的,一眼就能发现的错误。所以辅导老师要求考生一定要留出几分钟时间用于修改。不要大幅度进行修改,更不要因为修改破坏卷面整洁,影响阅卷老师心情。
大学网考研频道。